Ruby Range

Ruby Range

In Ruby, a range represents an interval - a set of values with a start and an end. Ranges can be constructed using either two dots ".." (inclusive range) or three dots "..." (exclusive range).

Here is how you create ranges:

# Inclusive range: includes the end value. inclusive_range = 1..10 puts inclusive_range.to_a # Outputs: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10] # Exclusive range: excludes the end value. exclusive_range = 1...10 puts exclusive_range.to_a # Outputs: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Ranges are commonly used in case statements, for loops, to create arrays, and more.

  • Case Statements:
age = 15 case age when 0..12 puts "Child" when 13..19 puts "Teen" else puts "Adult" end # Outputs: "Teen"
  • For Loops:
for i in 1..5 puts i end # Outputs: 1 2 3 4 5
  • Creating Arrays:
array = (1..5).to_a puts array # Outputs: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Ranges can also be used with characters:

letters_range = 'a'..'z' puts letters_range.to_a # Outputs: ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z"]

A few useful methods you can use with ranges include include? to check if a value exists within the range, and min and max to get the smallest and largest values in the range respectively.

range = 1..10 puts range.include?(5) # Outputs: true puts range.min # Outputs: 1 puts range.max # Outputs: 10

This should give you a good overview of how ranges work in Ruby. They're a powerful tool that can make your code cleaner and more efficient.

Examples

  1. Creating ranges in Ruby: Use the range literal .. or ... to create ranges.

    range = 1..5

  2. Range class in Ruby: Ranges are instances of the Range class.

    range = Range.new(1, 5)

  3. Inclusive vs. exclusive ranges in Ruby: Inclusive ranges include the end value; exclusive ranges exclude it.

    inclusive_range = 1..5 exclusive_range = 1...5

  4. Using ranges with arrays in Ruby: Ranges can be used to extract portions of arrays.

    array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] sub_array = array[1..3]

  5. Iterating through ranges in Ruby: Ranges can be used for iteration.

    (1..5).each { |num| puts num }

  6. Checking if a value is within a range in Ruby: Use the cover? method to check if a value is within a range.

    range = 1..5 is_in_range = range.cover?(3)

  7. Converting ranges to arrays in Ruby: Convert ranges to arrays using the to_a method.

    range = 1..5 array = range.to_a

  8. Ruby range methods: Ranges have useful methods like min, max, and size.

    range = 1..5 min_value = range.min max_value = range.max size = range.size

  9. Advanced range operations in Ruby: Ranges support operations like step for custom increments.

    range = 1..10 range.step(2) { |num| puts num }

  10. Ranges in Ruby case statements: Ranges can be used in case statements for range-based conditions.

    score = 85 case score when 90..100 puts 'A' when 80..89 puts 'B' else puts 'F' end

  11. Working with date ranges in Ruby: Ranges are commonly used with dates.

    start_date = Date.new(2022, 1, 1) end_date = Date.new(2022, 12, 31) date_range = start_date..end_date

  12. Using ranges with switch/case in Ruby: Utilize ranges in case statements for range-based conditions.

    age = 25 case age when 0..17 puts 'Child' when 18..64 puts 'Adult' else puts 'Senior' end

  13. Ruby range intersection and union: Ranges can be combined using & (intersection) and | (union).

    range1 = 1..5 range2 = 3..7 intersection = range1 & range2 union = range1 | range2

  14. Ruby range cover method: The cover? method checks if a range covers a given value.

    range = 1..5 is_covered = range.cover?(3)

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