ChatGPT Is Built With Millions of These (Sort of): Understanding the OG Perceptron
Author(s): Sayan Chowdhury Originally published on Towards AI. Understanding the OG Perceptron Neural networks look complex from the outside, but at their core they are built from one simple unit. This unit is called the perceptron. The OG 😀The article explains the …
Creating an AI-powered Database Assistant with OpenAI, SQLAlchemy, and Conversational Buffer Memory
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. Creating an AI-powered Database Assistant with OpenAI, SQLAlchemy, and Conversational Buffer Memory In this tutorial, we will walk through the process of creating a sophisticated AI-powered database assistant that converts natural language queries into …
Unveiling the BLEU Score: Your Guide to Judging Machine Translation Quality
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. Unveiling the BLEU Score: Your Guide to Judging Machine Translation Quality Machine translation has come a long way, from clunky rule-based systems to sleek neural models like Transformers. But how do we know if …
AI Papers to Read in 2025
Author(s): Ygor Serpa Originally published on Towards AI. Photo by Susan Q Yin on Unsplash Today, I return to Medium with my series of AI paper recommendations. My long-term followers might recall the four previous editions ([1], [2], [3], and [4]). I’ve …
Linear Transformation vs. Change of Basis (Deep Dive)
Author(s): Irene Markelic, PhD Originally published on Towards AI. Mastering the Math Behind AI, Machine Learning and Data Science Linear transformations and Change of Basis are deceptively simple concepts that tempt us to rush over them quickly. However, mastering the duality between …
Mastering Extractive Summarization: A Theoretical and Practical Guide to TF-IDF and TextRank
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. Mastering Extractive Summarization: A Theoretical and Practical Guide to TF-IDF and TextRank Text summarization is a cornerstone of natural language processing (NLP), enabling us to distill lengthy documents into concise summaries. Two popular extractive …
Understanding L1 and L2 Regularization in Machine Learning
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. Understanding L1 and L2 Regularization in Machine Learning Regularization is a fundamental technique in machine learning used to prevent overfitting, improve model generalization, and ensure that models perform well on unseen data. Two of …
(p,d,q): The Understated Framework Behind Serious Forecasting
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. (p,d,q): The Understated Framework Behind Serious Forecasting Forecasting is often treated as a technological problem — throw data into a model, tweak a few knobs, and wait for predictions to appear. The reality is …
XGBoost vs. Random Forest: A Sophisticated Analysis of Superiority in Real-World Data
Author(s): VARUN MISHRA Originally published on Towards AI. XGBoost vs. Random Forest: A Sophisticated Analysis of Superiority in Real-World Data In the pantheon of machine learning ensemble methods, Random Forest and XGBoost stand as titans, wielding tree-based architectures to conquer structured data …
The Day Our Power BI Report Crashed the CEO’s Laptop
Author(s): Gulab Chand Tejwani Originally published on Towards AI. How a 2GB dataset, runaway DAX measures, and a security breach taught me everything about Power BI optimization The email arrived at 7:47 AM on a Monday. The Scene of the CrimeThe article …
How to pass the AI-900 Azure AI Fundamentals in one day
Author(s): Laura Verghote Originally published on Towards AI. A practical step-by-step guide with study tips, resources, and exam insights that actually work Passing the AI 900 Microsoft Azure AI Fundamentals exam in a single day might sound bold, but if you already …
Under the Hood: Understanding tools like n8n and building Custom Nodes for Enterprise AI Workflows
Author(s): Samvardhan Singh Originally published on Towards AI. Learn how to build a Custom Node for Automated AI Infrastructure Monitoring and Neural Network Training Pipeline Diagnostics If you’re not a medium member, access this article for free here. image by authorThis article …
Why A/B Testing Fails in Two-Sided Marketplaces (and How to Fix It with Switchback Testing)
Author(s): Swaroop Originally published on Towards AI. By Swaroop Hadke 1. Introduction: The Hidden Trap of Network Effects Standard A/B testing is dangerous in two-sided marketplaces. If you treat a ride-hailing app or a delivery network like a standard e-commerce store, you …
Attention Is All You Need
Author(s): Luca Derumier Originally published on Towards AI. Attention Is All You Need You’re at a crowded party. Music playing, dozens of conversations happening simultaneously, glasses clinking. Yet somehow, when someone across the room mentions your name, you hear it. When your …
Google’s A2A Protocol: The Complete Guide to How AI Agents Actually Find and Talk to Each Other
Author(s): Divy Yadav Originally published on Towards AI. Source: Google You want to order a burger under $15. You open Zomato. Here’s what should happen: One request: instant results from McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s. Here’s what actually happens today: Nothing. Because …
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