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迭代器

Ruby 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例

迭代器是一种行为设计模式 让你能在不暴露复杂数据结构内部细节的情况下遍历其中所有的元素

在迭代器的帮助下 客户端可以用一个迭代器接口以相似的方式遍历不同集合中的元素

复杂度

流行度

使用示例 该模式在 Ruby 代码中很常见 许多框架和程序库都使用它来提供遍历其集合的标准方式

识别方法 迭代器可以通过导航方法 例如 next previous 来轻松识别 使用迭代器的客户端代码可能没有其所遍历的集合的直接访问权限

概念示例

本例说明了迭代器设计模式的结构并重点回答了下面的问题

  • 它由哪些类组成
  • 这些类扮演了哪些角色
  • 模式中的各个元素会以何种方式相互关联

main.rb: 概念示例

class AlphabeticalOrderIterator # In Ruby, the Enumerable mixin provides classes with several traversal and # searching methods, and with the ability to sort. The class must provide a # method each, which yields successive members of the collection. include Enumerable # This attribute indicates the traversal direction. attr_accessor :reverse private :reverse # @return [Array] attr_accessor :collection private :collection # @param [Array] collection # @param [Boolean] reverse def initialize(collection, reverse: false) @collection = collection @reverse = reverse end def each(&block) return @collection.reverse.each(&block) if reverse @collection.each(&block) end end class WordsCollection # @return [Array] attr_accessor :collection private :collection def initialize(collection = []) @collection = collection end # The `iterator` method returns the iterator object itself, by default we # return the iterator in ascending order. def iterator AlphabeticalOrderIterator.new(@collection) end # @return [AlphabeticalOrderIterator] def reverse_iterator AlphabeticalOrderIterator.new(@collection, reverse: true) end # @param [String] item def add_item(item) @collection << item end end # The client code may or may not know about the Concrete Iterator or Collection # classes, depending on the level of indirection you want to keep in your # program. collection = WordsCollection.new collection.add_item('First') collection.add_item('Second') collection.add_item('Third') puts 'Straight traversal:' collection.iterator.each { |item| puts item } puts "\n" puts 'Reverse traversal:' collection.reverse_iterator.each { |item| puts item } 

output.txt: 执行结果

Straight traversal: First Second Third Reverse traversal: Third Second First 

迭代器在其他编程语言中的实现

C# 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 C++ 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 Go 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 Java 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 PHP 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 Python 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 Rust 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 Swift 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例 TypeScript 迭代器模式讲解和代码示例