Add ExtendedLogRecordBuilder#setException

[jack-berg]

See comment

• Add LogRecordBuilder#setException - All log appenders have code like this to translate an exception to equivalent exception.*. Standardizing in the SDK "DRY"s up the instrumentation code, and provides a more familiar log API experience.
• Make exception.* resolution configurable - exception.* attributes are now resolved and attached to both span events and log records. This is an edge cases where the SDK specification has a dependency on the semantic conventions. It seems appropriate to make this a configurable extension point, so that users can customize things like the exception.stacktrace resolution. see comment

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 82.14286% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 89.97%. Comparing base (d7fb208) to head (7f06c87).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...a/io/opentelemetry/sdk/internal/AttributeUtil.java	89.47%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...io/opentelemetry/sdk/logs/SdkLogRecordBuilder.java	50.00%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
...etry/api/incubator/logs/ExtendedDefaultLogger.java	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@ Coverage Diff @@ ## main #7182 +/- ## ============================================ - Coverage 89.98% 89.97% -0.02%  - Complexity 6685 6689 +4  ============================================ Files 749 749 Lines 20191 20200 +9 Branches 1977 1977 ============================================ + Hits 18168 18174 +6  - Misses 1431 1433 +2  - Partials 592 593 +1 

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.

[jack-berg]

Per conversation in the 4/10/25 java SIG, I've broken out the configurable exception.* attribute value resolution into a separate PR, #7266.