For  with 
 odd and 
, if there exists an integer 
 such that 
 then  is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime. 
 
    For  with 
 odd and 
, if there exists an integer 
 such that 
 then  is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime. 
Weisstein, Eric W. "Proth's Theorem." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/ProthsTheorem.html