Embeddability in the projective plane (i.e., graphs with projective plane crossing number 0) are characterized by a set of exactly 35 forbidden minors (Glover et al. 1979; Archdeacon 1981; Hlinenỳ 2010; Shahmirzadi 2012, p. 7, Fig. 1.1). Note that the graph (Hlinenỳ 2010; Shahmirzadi 2012, p. 7, Fig. 1.1) is not isomorphic to the graph of Glover and Huneke (1978) and Mohar and Thomassen (2011) and therefore appears to be incorrectly drawn. Note also that this set includes the graph unions and , each member of which is embeddable in the projective plane. This means that, unlike planar graphs, disjoint unions of graphs which are embeddable in the projective plane may not themselves be embeddable. As of 2022, the plane and projective plane are the only surfaces for which a complete list of forbidden minors is known (Mohar and Škoda 2020).
There are exactly 103 projective planar forbidden subgraphs (Glover et al. 1979; Archdeacon 1980, 1981; Mohar and Thomassen 2001).
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