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Let $M:=\mathbb{R}^n\setminus \mathbb{D}^n$, where $\mathbb{D}^n$ is the open unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $u\colon M\times [0,\infty)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is solution of the following PDE \begin{equation}\label{heat 1} \begin{split} \frac{\partial u}{\partial t}&=\Delta u\\ u(x,0)&=u_0(x). \end{split} \end{equation}

Question 1: Is there any parabolic maximum principle:$$ \sup_{M\times[0,\infty)} u(x,t)= \sup_{M\times\{0\} \cup \partial M\times[0,\infty)} u(x,t),$$ if $$\sup_{M\times\{0\} \cup \partial M\times[0,\infty)} u(x,t)<\infty\text{?} $$

Question 2: Is there a similar kind of parabolic maximum principle for non-compact manifold with boundary?

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    $\begingroup$ These maximum principles hold if we assume that $u$ is bounded on $M \times [0, \infty[$. One needs a barrier at infinity which, in case 1, is given by $v=e^{tC}(1+|x|^2)$ (one selects $C$ so that $v_t-\Delta v \geq 0$ and applies the maximum priicniple to $u-(\|u\|_\infty)/(1+R^2) v$ in $M\cap B_R$ and let $R \to \infty$. If $u \leq 0$ on the parabolic boundary then it is $\leq 0$ everywhere). $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 16, 2022 at 15:40
  • $\begingroup$ Thanks for your comment. Would you recommend to me some references for what you wrote? $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 16, 2022 at 19:01
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    $\begingroup$ What I wrote is surely contained in the book by N. Krylov: Lectures on elliptic and parabolic problems in Holder spaces. $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 16, 2022 at 19:59

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