My question comes from reading Pete Clark's reply How do you axiomatize topology via nets?

In the section "Convergence Classes" at the end of Chapter 2 of his book, Kelley lists the following axioms for convergent nets in a topological space $X$

 

a) If $S$ is a net such that $Sn=s$ for each $n$ [i.e., a constant net], then $S$ converges to $s$.

 

b) If $S$ converges to $s$, so does each subnet.

 

c) If $S$ does not converge to $s$, then there is a subnet of $S$, no subnet of which converges to $s$.

 

d) (Theorem on iterated limits): Let $D$ be a directed set. For each $m\in D$, let $E_m$ be a directed set, let $F$ be the product $D \times \prod_{m \in D} E_m$ and for $(m,f)$ in $F$ let $R(m,f)=(m,f(m))$. If $S(m,n)$ is an element of $X$ for each $m∈D$ and $n\in E_m$ and $\lim_m \lim_n S(m,n)=s$, then $S∘R$ converges to $s$.

 

He has previously shown that in any topological space, convergence of nets satisfies a) through d). (The first three are easy; part d) is, I believe, an original result of his.) In this section he proves the converse: given a set $X$ and a set $C$ of pairs (net,point) satisfying the four axioms above, there exists a unique topology on $X$ such that a net $S$ converges to $s∈X$ iff $(S,s)∈C$.

The original theorem in Kelley's General Topology says that:

Let $C$ be a convergence class for a set $X$, and for each subset $A$ of $X$ let $A^c$ be the set of all points $s$ such that,for some net $S$ in $A$, $S$ convergences $(C)$ to $s$. Then $c$ is a closure operator, and $(S,s) \in C$ if and only if $8$ converges to $s$ relative to the topology associated with the closure operator $c$.

Kelley didn't explicitly said that the topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$ is unique, which is not obvious to me either. So I was wondering where the uniqueness comes from? Is it possible that there is other different topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$, besides the one defined by the closure operator in Kelley's version of the theorem?

If some of the four axioms fail to hold for $C$, is it possible that there is no such topology, and is it possible that there are more than one such topologies?

Thanks and regards!

My question comes from reading Pete Clark's reply How do you axiomatize topology via nets?

In the section "Convergence Classes" at the end of Chapter 2 of his book, Kelley lists the following axioms for convergent nets in a topological space $X$

a) If $S$ is a net such that $Sn=s$ for each $n$ [i.e., a constant net], then $S$ converges to $s$.

b) If $S$ converges to $s$, so does each subnet.

c) If $S$ does not converge to $s$, then there is a subnet of $S$, no subnet of which converges to $s$.

d) (Theorem on iterated limits): Let $D$ be a directed set. For each $m\in D$, let $E_m$ be a directed set, let $F$ be the product $D \times \prod_{m \in D} E_m$ and for $(m,f)$ in $F$ let $R(m,f)=(m,f(m))$. If $S(m,n)$ is an element of $X$ for each $m∈D$ and $n\in E_m$ and $\lim_m \lim_n S(m,n)=s$, then $S∘R$ converges to $s$.

He has previously shown that in any topological space, convergence of nets satisfies a) through d). (The first three are easy; part d) is, I believe, an original result of his.) In this section he proves the converse: given a set $X$ and a set $C$ of pairs (net,point) satisfying the four axioms above, there exists a unique topology on $X$ such that a net $S$ converges to $s∈X$ iff $(S,s)∈C$.

The original theorem in Kelley's General Topology says that:

Let $C$ be a convergence class for a set $X$, and for each subset $A$ of $X$ let $A^c$ be the set of all points $s$ such that,for some net $S$ in $A$, $S$ convergences $(C)$ to $s$. Then $c$ is a closure operator, and $(S,s) \in C$ if and only if $8$ converges to $s$ relative to the topology associated with the closure operator $c$.

Kelley didn't explicitly said that the topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$ is unique, which is not obvious to me either. So I was wondering where the uniqueness comes from? Is it possible that there is other different topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$, besides the one defined by the closure operator in Kelley's version of the theorem?

If some of the four axioms fail to hold for $C$, is it possible that there is no such topology, and is it possible that there are more than one such topologies?

Thanks and regards!

My question comes from reading Pete Clark's reply How do you axiomatize topology via nets?

In the section "Convergence Classes" at the end of Chapter 2 of his book, Kelley lists the following axioms for convergent nets in a topological space $X$

a) If $S$ is a net such that $Sn=s$ for each $n$ [i.e., a constant net], then $S$ converges to $s$.

b) If $S$ converges to $s$, so does each subnet.

c) If $S$ does not converge to $s$, then there is a subnet of $S$, no subnet of which converges to $s$.

d) (Theorem on iterated limits): Let $D$ be a directed set. For each $m\in D$, let $E_m$ be a directed set, let $F$ be the product $D \times \prod_{m \in D} E_m$ and for $(m,f)$ in $F$ let $R(m,f)=(m,f(m))$. If $S(m,n)$ is an element of $X$ for each $m∈D$ and $n\in E_m$ and $\lim_m \lim_n S(m,n)=s$, then $S∘R$ converges to $s$.

He has previously shown that in any topological space, convergence of nets satisfies a) through d). (The first three are easy; part d) is, I believe, an original result of his.) In this section he proves the converse: given a set $X$ and a set $C$ of pairs (net,point) satisfying the four axioms above, there exists a unique topology on $X$ such that a net $S$ converges to $s∈X$ iff $(S,s)∈C$.

The original theorem in Kelley's General Topology says that:

Let $C$ be a convergence class for a set $X$, and for each subset $A$ of $X$ let $A^c$ be the set of all points $s$ such that,for some net $S$ in $A$, $S$ convergences $(C)$ to $s$. Then $c$ is a closure operator, and $(S,s) \in C$ if and only if $8$ converges to $s$ relative to the topology associated with the closure operator $c$.

Kelley didn't explicitly said that the topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$ is unique, which is not obvious to me either. So I was wondering where the uniqueness comes from? Is it possible that there is other different topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$, besides the one defined by the closure operator in Kelley's version of the theorem?

If some of the four axioms fail to hold for $C$, is it possible that there is no such topology, and is it possible that there are more than one such topologies?

Thanks and regards!

My question comes from reading Pete Clark's reply How do you axiomatize topology via nets?

In the section "Convergence Classes" at the end of Chapter 2 of his book, Kelley lists the following axioms for convergent nets in a topological space $X$

a) If $S$ is a net such that $Sn=s$ for each $n$ [i.e., a constant net], then $S$ converges to $s$.

b) If $S$ converges to $s$, so does each subnet.

c) If $S$ does not converge to $s$, then there is a subnet of $S$, no subnet of which converges to $s$.

d) (Theorem on iterated limits): Let $D$ be a directed set. For each $m\in D$, let $E_m$ be a directed set, let $F$ be the product $D \times \prod_{m \in D} E_m$ and for $(m,f)$ in $F$ let $R(m,f)=(m,f(m))$. If $S(m,n)$ is an element of $X$ for each $m∈D$ and $n\in E_m$ and $\lim_m \lim_n S(m,n)=s$, then $S∘R$ converges to $s$.

He has previously shown that in any topological space, convergence of nets satisfies a) through d). (The first three are easy; part d) is, I believe, an original result of his.) In this section he proves the converse: given a set $X$ and a set $C$ of pairs (net,point) satisfying the four axioms above, there exists a unique topology on $X$ such that a net $S$ converges to $s∈X$ iff $(S,s)∈C$.

The original theorem in Kelley's General Topology says that:

Let $C$ be a convergence class for a set $X$, and for each subset $A$ of $X$ let $A^c$ be the set of all points $s$ such that,for some net $S$ in $A$, $S$ convergences $(C)$ to $s$. Then $c$ is a closure operator, and $(S,s) \in C$ if and only if $8$ converges to $s$ relative to the topology associated with the closure operator $c$.

Kelley didn't explicitly said that the topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$ is unique, which is not obvious to me either. So I was wondering where the uniqueness comes from? Is it possible that there is other different topology that satisfies a net $S \to s$ iff $(S, s) \in C$, besides the one defined by the closure operator in Kelley's version of the theorem?

If some of the four axioms fail to hold for $C$, is it possible that there is no such topology, and is it possible that there are more than one such topologies?

Thanks and regards!