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ha-mqtt-discoverable

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A Python 3 module that takes advantage of Home Assistant's MQTT discovery protocol to create sensors without having to define anything on the HA side.

Using MQTT discoverable devices lets us add new sensors and devices to HA without having to restart HA. The ha-mqtt-discoverable-cli module includes scripts to make it easy to create discoverable devices from the command line if you don't want to bother writing Python.

Table of Contents

Installing

Python

ha-mqtt-discoverable runs on Python 3.10 or later.

pip install ha-mqtt-discoverable if you want to use it in your own python scripts. pip install ha-mqtt-discoverable-cli to install the hmd utility scripts.

Supported entities

The following Home Assistant entities are currently implemented:

  • Binary sensor
  • Button
  • Camera
  • Cover
  • Device
  • Device trigger
  • Image
  • Light
  • Lock
  • Number
  • Select
  • Sensor
  • Switch
  • Text

Each entity can be associated to a device. See below for details.

Binary sensor

The following example creates a binary sensor and sets its state:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import BinarySensor, BinarySensorInfo # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the sensor sensor_info = BinarySensorInfo(name="MySensor", device_class="motion") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=sensor_info) # Instantiate the sensor mysensor = BinarySensor(settings) # Change the state of the sensor, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA mysensor.on() mysensor.off() # Or, change the state using a boolean mysensor.update_state(True) mysensor.update_state(False) # You can also set custom attributes on the sensor via a Python dict mysensor.set_attributes({"my attribute": "awesome"})

Button

The button publishes no state, it simply receives a command from HA.

You must call write_config on a Button after creating it to make it discoverable.

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Button, ButtonInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the button button_info = ButtonInfo(name="test") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=button_info) # To receive button commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): perform_my_custom_action() # Instantiate the button my_button = Button(settings, my_callback) # Publish the button's discoverability message to let HA automatically notice it my_button.write_config()

Camera

The following example creates a camera entity with a topic to a camera.

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Camera, CameraInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the camera camera_info = CameraInfo(name="test", topic="zanzito/shared_locations/my-device") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=camera_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): payload = message.payload.decode() perform_my_custom_action() # Instantiate the camera my_camera = Camera(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial state of the cover, which also makes it discoverable my_camera.set_topic("zanzito/shared_locations/my-device") # not needed if already defined

Cover

A cover has five possible states open, closed, opening, closing and stopped. Most other entities use the states as command payload, but covers differentiate on this. The HA user can either open, close or stop it in the covers current position.

Covers do not currently support tilt.

A callback function is needed in order to parse the commands sent from HA, as the following example shows:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Cover, CoverInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the cover cover_info = CoverInfo(name="test") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=cover_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): payload = message.payload.decode() if payload == "OPEN": # let HA know that the cover is opening my_cover.opening() # call function to open cover open_my_custom_cover() # Let HA know that the cover was opened my_cover.open() if payload == "CLOSE": # let HA know that the cover is closing my_cover.closing() # call function to close the cover close_my_custom_cover() # Let HA know that the cover was closed my_cover.closed() if payload == "STOP": # call function to stop the cover stop_my_custom_cover() # Let HA know that the cover was stopped my_cover.stopped() # Instantiate the cover my_cover = Cover(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial state of the cover, which also makes it discoverable my_cover.closed()

Device

From the Home Assistant documentation:

A device is a special entity in Home Assistant that is represented by one or more entities. A device is automatically created when an entity defines its device property. A device will be matched up with an existing device via supplied identifiers or connections, like serial numbers or MAC addresses.

The following example create a device, by associating multiple sensors to the same DeviceInfo instance.

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings, DeviceInfo from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import BinarySensor, BinarySensorInfo # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Define the device. At least one of `identifiers` or `connections` must be supplied device_info = DeviceInfo(name="My device", identifiers="device_id") # Associate the sensor with the device via the `device` parameter # `unique_id` must also be set, otherwise Home Assistant will not display the device in the UI motion_sensor_info = BinarySensorInfo(name="My motion sensor", device_class="motion", unique_id="my_motion_sensor", device=device_info) motion_settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=motion_sensor_info) # Instantiate the sensor motion_sensor = BinarySensor(motion_settings) # Change the state of the sensor, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA motion_sensor.on() # An additional sensor can be added to the same device, by re-using the DeviceInfo instance previously defined door_sensor_info = BinarySensorInfo(name="My door sensor", device_class="door", unique_id="my_door_sensor", device=device_info) door_settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=door_sensor_info) # Instantiate the sensor door_sensor = BinarySensor(door_settings) # Change the state of the sensor, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA door_sensor.on() # The two sensors should be visible inside Home Assistant under the device `My device`

Device trigger

The following example creates a device trigger and generates a trigger event:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import DeviceInfo, DeviceTriggerInfo, DeviceTrigger # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Define the device. At least one of `identifiers` or `connections` must be supplied device_info = DeviceInfo(name="My device", identifiers="device_id") # Associate the sensor with the device via the `device` parameter trigger_info = DeviceTriggerInfo(name="MyTrigger", type="button_press", subtype="button_1", unique_id="my_device_trigger", device=device_info) settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=trigger_info) # Instantiate the device trigger mytrigger = DeviceTrigger(settings) # Generate a device trigger event, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA # Optionally include a payload as part of the event mytrigger.trigger("My custom payload")

Image

The following example creates an image entity to an image url.

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Image, ImageInfo # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the image image_info = ImageInfo(name="test", url_topic="topic_to_publish_image_url_to") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=image_info) # Instantiate the image my_image = Image(settings) # Publish an image URL to url_topic my_image.set_url("http://camera.local/latest.jpg")

The following example creates an image entity and sets the base64 encoded payload.

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Image, ImageInfo from base64 import b64encode # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the image image_info = ImageInfo(name="test", image_topic="topic_to_publish_image_payload_to", image_encoding="b64", content_type="image/png") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=image_info) # Instantiate the image my_image = Image(settings) # Set the image payload with open("example.png", "rb") as example_file: example_blob = b64encode(example_file.read()) my_image.set_payload(example_blob)

Light

The light is different from other current sensor as it needs its payload encoded/decoded as json. It is possible to set brightness, effects and the color of the light. Similar to a switch it can also receive 'commands' from HA that request a state change. It is possible to act upon reception of this 'command', by defining a callback function, as the following example shows:

import json from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Light, LightInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the light light_info = LightInfo( name="test_light", brightness=True, color_mode=True, supported_color_modes=["rgb"], effect=True, effect_list=["blink", "my_custom_effect"]) settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=light_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): # Make sure received payload is JSON try: payload = json.loads(message.payload.decode()) except ValueError: print("Ony JSON schema is supported for light entities!") return # Parse received dictionary if "color" in payload: set_color_of_my_light() my_light.color("rgb", payload["color"]) elif "brightness" in payload: set_brightness_of_my_light() my_light.brightness(payload["brightness"]) elif "effect" in payload: set_effect_of_my_light() my_light.effect(payload["effect"]) elif "state" in payload: if payload["state"] == light_info.payload_on: turn_on_my_light() my_light.on() else: turn_off_my_light() my_light.off() else: print("Unknown payload") # Instantiate the light my_light = Light(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial state of the light, which also makes it discoverable my_light.off()

Lock

A lock has five possible states locked, unlocked, locking, unlocking and jammed.

A callback function is needed in order to parse the commands sent from HA, as the following example shows:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Lock, LockInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the lock lock_info = LockInfo(name="test") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=lock_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): payload = message.payload.decode() if payload == my_lock._entity.payload_lock: # let HA know that the lock is locking my_lock.locking() # call function to lock the lock lock_my_custom_lock() # Let HA know that the lock is locked now my_lock.locked() if payload == my_lock._entity.payload_unlock: # let HA know that the lock is unlocking my_lock.unlocking() # call function to unlock the lock unlock_my_custom_lock() # Let HA know that the lock is unlocked now my_lock.unlocked() # Instantiate the lock my_lock = Lock(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial state of the lock, which also makes it discoverable my_lock.locked()

Number

The number entity is similar to the text entity, but for a numeric value instead of a string. It is possible to act upon receiving changes in HA by defining a callback function, as the following example shows:

import logging from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Number, NumberInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the `number` entity. number_info = NumberInfo(name="test", min=0, max=50, mode="slider", step=5) settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=number_info) # To receive number updates from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): number = int(message.payload.decode()) logging.info(f"Received {number} from HA") do_some_custom_thing(number) # Send an MQTT message to confirm to HA that the number was changed my_number.set_value(number) # Instantiate the number my_number = Number(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial number displayed in HA UI, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA my_number.set_value(42.0)

Select

The selection entity is a list of selectable options in homeassistant. It is possible to act upon reception of this 'command', by defining a callback function, as the following example shows:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Select, SelectInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the switch select_info = SelectInfo(name="test", options=["option1", "option2", "option3"]) settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=select_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): payload = message.payload.decode() do_something() # Instantiate the selection my_selection = Select(settings, my_callback) # Publish the select's discovery message to let HA automatically notice it my_selection.write_config() # Or select the initial option of the selection, which also makes it discoverable my_selection.select_option("option1")

Sensor

The following example creates a sensor and sets its state:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Sensor, SensorInfo # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the sensor sensor_info = SensorInfo( name="MyTemperatureSensor", device_class="temperature", unit_of_measurement="°C", ) settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=sensor_info) # Instantiate the sensor mysensor = Sensor(settings) # Change the state of the sensor, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA mysensor.set_state(20.5)

Switch

The switch is similar to a binary sensor, but in addition to publishing state changes toward HA it can also receive 'commands' from HA that request a state change. It is possible to act upon reception of this 'command', by defining a callback function, as the following example shows:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Switch, SwitchInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the switch switch_info = SwitchInfo(name="test") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=switch_info) # To receive state commands from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): payload = message.payload.decode() if payload == "ON": turn_my_custom_thing_on() # Let HA know that the switch was successfully activated my_switch.on() elif payload == "OFF": turn_my_custom_thing_off() # Let HA know that the switch was successfully deactivated my_switch.off() # Instantiate the switch my_switch = Switch(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial state of the switch, which also makes it discoverable my_switch.off()

Text

The text is an helper entity, showing an input field in the HA UI that the user can interact with. It is possible to act upon reception of the inputted text by defining a callback function, as the following example shows:

import logging from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from ha_mqtt_discoverable.sensors import Text, TextInfo from paho.mqtt.client import Client, MQTTMessage # Configure the required parameters for the MQTT broker mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(host="localhost") # Information about the `text` entity text_info = TextInfo(name="test") settings = Settings(mqtt=mqtt_settings, entity=text_info) # To receive text updates from HA, define a callback function: def my_callback(client: Client, user_data, message: MQTTMessage): text = message.payload.decode() logging.info(f"Received {text} from HA") do_some_custom_thing(text) # Send an MQTT message to confirm to HA that the text was changed my_text.set_text(text) # Instantiate the text my_text = Text(settings, my_callback) # Set the initial text displayed in HA UI, publishing an MQTT message that gets picked up by HA my_text.set_text("Some awesome text")

FAQ

Using an existing MQTT client

If you want to use an existing MQTT client for the connection, you can pass it to the Settings object:

from ha_mqtt_discoverable import Settings from paho.mqtt.client import Client # Creating the MQTT client client = Client() # Doing other stuff with the client, like connecting to the broker # ... # Providing the client to the Settings object # In this case, no other MQTT settings are needed mqtt_settings = Settings.MQTT(client=client) # Continue with the rest of the code as usual

I'm having problems on 32-bit ARM

Pydantic 2 has issues on 32-bit ARM. More details are on ha-mqtt-discoverable/pull/191. TL;DR: If you're on an ARM32 machine you're going to have to pin to the 0.13.1 version.

Contributing

Please run ruff on your code before submitting. There are git hooks already configured to run ruff and other checks before every commit, please run pre-commit install to enable them.

Users of ha-mqtt-discoverable

If you use this module for your own project, please add a link here.

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Python module to create MQTT entities that are automatically discovered by Home Assistant

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