I added Py_NewRef() and Py_XNewRef() to Python 3.10 C API. IMO using them make to code easier to read and make the code looks "more correct". Examples:

(A) Assign + INCREF:

- result = Py_False; - Py_INCREF(result); + result = Py_NewRef(Py_False);

(B) INCREF + assign:

- Py_INCREF(last); - self->last = last; + self->last = Py_NewRef(last);

(C) INCREF + return:

- Py_XINCREF(result); - return result; + return Py_XNewRef(result);

While technically, Py_INCREF() and Py_XINCREF() modify the object in-place (increment their reference counter), for me Py_NewRef() makes me sense: it creates "a new reference".

The example (A) is weird: it assigns a variable to something, and only later creates a new reference. For me, the syntax with Py_NewRef() makes more sense.

Examples (B) and (C) are shorter with Py_NewRef(), and again, IMO makes more sense and are more readable.

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Python/ directory #99302

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Python/ directory #99317

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Python/ceval.c #99318

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Parser/ directory #99330

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/ directory #99332

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/dictobject.c #99333

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/ directory #99335

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/listobject.c #99336

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/ directory #99351

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Objects/ directory #99354

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/_ctypes/ #99436

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/_elementtree.c #99438

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/itertoolsmodule.c #99439

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99440

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/_asynciomodule.c #99441

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/_datetimemodule.c #99465

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99466

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99467

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99468

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99469

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Modules/ directory #99473

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in PC/ directory #99479

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Doc/ directory  #99480

• PR: gh-99300: Use Py_NewRef() in Python/Python-ast.c #99499

• PR: gh-99300: Replace Py_INCREF() with Py_NewRef() #99513

• PR: gh-99300: Replace Py_INCREF() with Py_NewRef() #99530

• PR: gh-99300: Replace Py_INCREF() with Py_NewRef() in _elementtree.c #99696