fix(browser): Use DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope global object type in registerWebWorker

[Lms24]

Looks like I used the wrong type for the self global object users must pass into Sentry.registerWebWorker initially. This PR changes the type from WebWorker to DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope*. Other worker types don't support postMessage, so this type correctly scopes the API to its intended use (i.e. in dedicated workers).

Also fixed a couple of incorrect references to registerWebWorker in JSDoc.

*I couldn't actually use DedicatedWorkerGlobalScope because it is only available if you add

"lib:" ["WebWorker"] 

to your tsconfig.json. So we would break existing setups without this lib option (very likely) and skipLibCheck: false (somewhat likely). Therefore I created a minimal interface that only requires postMessage

closes #17444
ref #17443