ESQL - Add byte element support for dense_vector data type #131863

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:27:57Z

Adds code and tests for supporting byte dense_vectors.

Internally, byte vectors get widened to floats. This is inefficient, but avoids having to create specific infrastructure for variable type blocks. This can be improved in the future.

…vector-byte-element-support # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:29:07Z

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BlockDocValuesReader.java

- private final FloatVectorValues floatVectorValues;
- private final KnnVectorValues.DocIndexIterator iterator;
- private final int dimensions;
+ private abstract static class DenseVectorValuesBlockReader<T extends KnnVectorValues> extends BlockDocValuesReader {


Added abstract classes to deal with common code between float and byte vector reading

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:30:10Z

server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/vectors/VectorEncoderDecoder.java

+ * @param vectorBR - dense vector encoded in BytesRef
+ * @param vector - array of bytes where the decoded vector should be stored
+ */
+ public static void decodeDenseVector(IndexVersion indexVersion, BytesRef vectorBR, byte[] vector) {


Needed a specific method for decoding dense vector of byte values - this is an adaptation of the existing float[] method (expand up to see it)

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:30:34Z

x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector-byte.csv-spec

A copy of the float vector tests, using the specific byte field

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:30:49Z

x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/dense_vector.csv-spec


 FROM dense_vector
-| KEEP id, vector
+| KEEP id, float_vector


Renamed fields to avoid confusion to float_vector, byte_vector

carlosdelest · 2025-07-24T17:31:41Z

...n/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

 // Indexed field types
- for (String indexType : DENSE_VECTOR_INDEX_TYPES) {
- params.add(new Object[] { indexType, true, false });
+ for (String indexType : ALL_DENSE_VECTOR_INDEX_TYPES) {


Check all types for float and bytes. Quantized types only make sense for floats.

elasticsearchmachine · 2025-07-24T19:10:14Z

Pinging @elastic/es-analytical-engine (Team:Analytics)

ioanatia

the approach makes sense to me, but there are some failures in KnnFunctionIT that we should look into

ioanatia · 2025-07-29T12:12:12Z

x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java

+ /**
+ * Byte elements dense vector field type support.
+ */
+ DENSE_VECTOR_FIELD_TYPE_BYTE_ELEMENTS(EsqlCorePlugin.DENSE_VECTOR_FEATURE_FLAG);


this make sense to me for now - when we get to take these features out of snapshot, maybe we can create single capability to encompass all the features, from dense_vector support to the knn function and brute force functions and we can remove the individual ones we have created for each step.

x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/data/dense_vector.csv

tteofili

LGTM, great job Carlos!

…vector-byte-element-support

…r-support-normalization' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-support-normalization # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

… non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-support # Conflicts: # server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/mapper/BlockDocValuesReader.java # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/plugin/KnnFunctionIT.java

…r-byte-element-support' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-support # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

…port

…r-byte-element-support' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-support

elasticsearchmachine · 2025-08-13T11:22:02Z

Pinging @elastic/es-search-relevance (Team:Search Relevance)

ChrisHegarty

This seems like a good first step. LGTM

…port

carlosdelest · 2025-08-14T10:47:06Z

Merging as CI failures are unrelated

…31863)

* upstream/main: (278 commits) ESQL - dense vector support cosine normalization (elastic#132721) [ML] Add support for dimensions in google vertex ai request (elastic#132689) ESQL - Add byte element support for dense_vector data type (elastic#131863) ESQL: Fix async operator warnings not always sent when blocking (elastic#132744) Method not needed anymore (elastic#132912) [Test] Excercise shutdown more reliably in snapshot stress IT (elastic#132909) Update Gradle shadow plugin to 9.0.1 (elastic#132637) Mute org.elasticsearch.test.rest.yaml.CcsCommonYamlTestSuiteIT test {p0=search/410_named_queries/named_queries_with_score} elastic#132906 Update docker.elastic.co/wolfi/chainguard-base-fips:latest Docker digest to fa6cb69 (elastic#132735) Remove unnecessary calls to fold() (elastic#131870) Use consistent terminology for transport version resources/references (elastic#132882) Mute org.elasticsearch.test.rest.yaml.CcsCommonYamlTestSuiteIT test {p0=search.vectors/40_knn_search_cosine/kNN search only regular query} elastic#132890 Finalize release notes for v9.1.2 release (elastic#132745) Finalize release notes for v9.0.5 release (elastic#132718) Move inner records out of TransportVersionUtils (elastic#132872) Add support for Lookup Join on Multiple Fields (elastic#131559) Bootstrap PR-based benchmarks (elastic#132717) Refactor MetadataIndexTemplateService to use template maps instead of project metadata (elastic#132662) [Gradle] Update nebula ospackage plugin to 12.1.0 (elastic#132640) Mute org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.CsvTests test {csv-spec:ip.CdirMatchEqualsInsOrs} elastic#132860 ...

carlosdelest added 7 commits July 24, 2025 17:01

Add byte vector support

a62c943

Add byte vector support - tests

9317fcd

First test version, with all index types - fails

4c59ba1

Knn tests for non-flat, indexed types

475a285

Add CSV tests

ecc563f

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into non-issue/esql-dense-…

4a40503

…vector-byte-element-support # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

Fix tests after merging

84d3c50

carlosdelest added >non-issue Team:Analytics Meta label for analytical engine team (ESQL/Aggs/Geo) :Analytics/ES|QL AKA ESQL Team:Search Relevance Meta label for the Search Relevance team in Elasticsearch v9.2.0 labels Jul 24, 2025

carlosdelest commented Jul 24, 2025

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carlosdelest marked this pull request as ready for review July 24, 2025 19:09

elasticsearchmachine removed the Team:Search Relevance Meta label for the Search Relevance team in Elasticsearch label Jul 24, 2025

carlosdelest requested review from ChrisHegarty, afoucret, ioanatia, svilen-mihaylov-elastic and tteofili July 24, 2025 19:10

ioanatia reviewed Jul 29, 2025

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tteofili mentioned this pull request Jul 29, 2025

V_HAMMING – calculates Hamming distance #132056

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tteofili approved these changes Jul 29, 2025

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carlosdelest marked this pull request as draft August 6, 2025 15:14

carlosdelest and others added 4 commits August 11, 2025 17:13

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into non-issue/esql-dense-…

0402ad9

…vector-byte-element-support

Take into account normalization

a4aca14

[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless

08a3c5c

Take into account normalization for dense vector support

763fe63

carlosdelest and others added 16 commits August 12, 2025 14:20

Fix cherry pick

80b48cf

[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless

40edca3

Remove debugging code

8bd7f79

Merge remote-tracking branch 'carlosdelest/non-issue/esql-dense-vecto…

f9447f7

…r-support-normalization' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-support-normalization # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

Check that we may not have magnitudes at all, or for normalized vectors

7d2625c

Fix merge

5bcac49

Remove cosine similarity code

57c45b5

Merge remote-tracking branch 'carlosdelest/non-issue/esql-dense-vecto…

9abc1ea

…r-byte-element-support' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-support # Conflicts: # x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/DenseVectorFieldTypeIT.java

[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless

6977dbe

Merge branch 'main' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-sup…

7675c71

…port

Better parameterized test

239d350

Fix test

9385113

Merge remote-tracking branch 'carlosdelest/non-issue/esql-dense-vecto…

67cbb84

…r-byte-element-support' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-support

Fix test

14ba3b0

[CI] Auto commit changes from spotless

64ca563

carlosdelest marked this pull request as ready for review August 13, 2025 10:51

carlosdelest added Team:ES|QL :Search Relevance/ES|QL Search functionality in ES|QL labels Aug 13, 2025

elasticsearchmachine added the Team:Search Relevance Meta label for the Search Relevance team in Elasticsearch label Aug 13, 2025

ChrisHegarty approved these changes Aug 13, 2025

View reviewed changes

Merge branch 'main' into non-issue/esql-dense-vector-byte-element-sup…

ee803a4

…port

carlosdelest merged commit 26ffd7f into elastic:main Aug 14, 2025
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carlosdelest mentioned this pull request Aug 14, 2025

ES|QL dense vector support #125783

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joshua-adams-1 pushed a commit to joshua-adams-1/elasticsearch that referenced this pull request Aug 14, 2025

ESQL - Add byte element support for dense_vector data type (elastic#1…

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