from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=30) content = models.TextField()

# 生成的数据库迁移文件 class Migration(migrations.Migration): initial = True dependencies = [ ] operations = [ migrations.CreateModel( name='Article', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('title', models.CharField(max_length=30)), ('content', models.TextField()), ], ), ]

# admin.py from .models import Article # Register your models here. admin.site.register(Article)

# LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' # TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

from .models import Article Article.objects.get(条件) # 根据条件获取数据 Article.objects.all() # 获取所有数据 Article.objects.filter(条件) # 根据条件过滤数据 article = Article.objects.get(id=article_id) return HttpResponse('<h2>文章标题：%s </h2><hr> 文章内容：%s' % (article.title, article.content))

 try: article = Article.objects.get(id=article_id) except Article.DoesNotExist: raise Http404('not exit')

# article = Article.objects.get(id=article_id) article = get_object_or_404(Article, pk=article_id) context = {} context['article_obj'] = article # return render(request, 'article_detail.html', context) return render(request, 'article_detail.html', context) # 不需要request参数l

def article_list(request): articles = Article.objects.all() context = {} context['articles'] = articles return render(request, 'article_list.html', context)

# 总路由 urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', views.index), path('article/', include('article.urls')) ] # app 路由 urlpatterns = [ # localhost:8000/article/ path('', views.article_list, name='article_list'), path('<int:article_id>', views.article_detail, name='article_detail'), ]

# 设置模型显示 models.py class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=30) content = models.TextField() def __str__(self): return '<Article: %s>' % self.title # admin.py # Register your models here. @admin.register(Article) # 使用装饰器更方便醒目 class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title', 'content') # ordering = ('-id', ) 倒序 ordering = ('id', ) #admin.site.register(Article, ArticleAdmin)

class Article(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=30) content = models.TextField() # created_time = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now) created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) last_updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1) is_deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False) readed_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) # admin.py 后台显示字段 @admin.register(Article) class ArticleAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title', 'author','is_deleted', 'created_time', 'last_updated_time', 'content') # ordering = ('-id', ) 倒序 ordering = ('id', ) # 使用，过滤删除的 views.py def article_list(request): # articles = Article.objects.all() articles = Article.objects.filter(is_deleted=False)

# models.py # Create your models here. class BlogType(models.Model): type_name = models.CharField(max_length=15) def __str__(self): return self.type_name class Blog(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=50) blog_type = models.ForeignKey(BlogType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) content = models.TextField() author = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) last_updated_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) def __str__(self): return '<Blog: %s>' % self.title # admin.py from django.contrib import admin from .models import BlogType, Blog # Register your models here. @admin.register(BlogType) class BlogTypeAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'type_name') @admin.register(Blog) class BlogAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('id', 'title', 'blog_type', 'author', 'created_time', 'last_updated_time') ordering = ('id',)

python manage.py shell from blog.models import Blog blog = Blog() # 实例化 blog.title = 'xxx' ... blog.save()

>>> from blog.models import Blog >>> dir() ['Blog', '__builtins__'] >>> Blog.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第二篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第三篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第四篇长内容>>]> >>> Blog.objects.count() 4 >>> blog = Blog() >>> dir() ['Blog', '__builtins__', 'blog'] >>> blog.title = 'shell 下第1篇' >>> blog.content = 'xxxx' >>> from blog.models import BlogType >>> BlogType.objects.all() <QuerySet [<BlogType: 随笔>, <BlogType: 感悟>, <BlogType: 其他>]> >>> BlogType.objects.all()[2] <BlogType: 其他> >>> blog_type = BlogType.objects.all()[2] >>> blog.blog_type = blog_type >>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User >>> User.objects.all() <QuerySet [<User: able>]> >>> user = User.objects.all()[0] >>> blog.author = user >>> blog.save() >>> Blog.objects.all() <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第二篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第三篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第四篇长内容>>, <Blog: <Blog: shell 下第1篇>>]> >>> dir(blog) # 查看所有 属性和方法，方便稍后调用 # 批量添加 >>> for i in range(1, 31): ... blog = Blog() ... blog.title = 'for %s' % i ... blog.content = 'xxxx:%s' % i ... blog.blog_type = blog_type ... blog.author = user ... blog.save() ... >>> Blog.objects.all().count() 35

>>> from django.core.paginator import Paginator >>> from blog.models import Blog >>> blogs = Blog.objects.all() >>> blogs.count() 35 >>> paginator = Paginator(blogs, 10) <string>:1: UnorderedObjectListWarning: Pagination may yield inconsistent results with an unordered object_list: <class 'blog.models.Blog'> QuerySet. # 需要给模型添加 排序方式 class Meta: ordering = ['-created_time'] # 然后数据迁移 python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate >>> paginator = Paginator(blogs, 10) >>> paginator <django.core.paginator.Paginator object at 0x1021de550> >>> dir(paginator) >> paginator.count 35 >>> paginator.num_pages 4 >>> page1 = paginator.page(1) >>> page1 <Page 1 of 4> >>> page1.object_list

current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number # 获取当前页码 # 获取当前页的前后2页的页码范围 page_range = [x for x in range(current_page_num - 2, current_page_num + 3) if x in paginator.page_range ] # 加上省略号间隔页码 if page_range[0] - 1 >= 2: page_range.insert(0, '...') if paginator.num_pages - page_range[-1] >= 2: page_range.append('...') # 加上首页和尾页 if page_range[0] != 1: page_range.insert(0, 1) if page_range[-1] != paginator.num_pages: page_range.append(paginator.num_pages)

blog = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk) context['previous_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__gt=blog.created_time).last() context['next_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__lt=blog.created_time).first() context['blog'] = blog

>>> from blog.models import Blog >>> Blog.objects.filter(title__contains='shell') <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: shell 下第1篇>>]> >>> Blog.objects.filter(title__startswith='shell') <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: shell 下第1篇>>]> >>> Blog.objects.filter(id__in=[1,2,3]) <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第二篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第三篇博客>>]> >>> Blog.objects.filter(id__range=(1, 3)) <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第二篇博客>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第三篇博客>>]>

# 获取博客分类的对应博客数量 blog_types = BlogType.objects.all() blog_types_list = [] for blog_type in blog_types: blog_type.blog_count = Blog.objects.filter(blog_type=blog_type).count() blog_types_list.append(blog_type) # context['blog_types'] = BlogType.objects.all() context['blog_types'] = blog_types_list

from django.db.models import Count BlogType.objects.annotate(blog_count=Count('blog')) context['blog_types'] = BlogType.objects.annotate(blog_count=Count('blog'))

blog_dates = Blog.objects.dates('created_time', 'month', order='DESC') blog_dates_dict = {} for blog_date in blog_dates: blog_count = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__year=blog_date.year, created_time__month=blog_date.month).count() blog_dates_dict[blog_date] = blog_count context['blog_dates'] = blog_dates_dict

# media MEDIA_URL = '/media/' MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media') # 配置ckeditor CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH = 'upload/' # urls.py from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from django.conf import settings from django.conf.urls.static import static # from blog.views import blog_list from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.home, name='home'), path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('ckeditor', include('ckeditor_uploader.urls')), path('blog/', include('blog.urls')), ] urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT) # models from ckeditor_uploader.fields import RichTextUploadingField content = RichTextUploadingField()

# 如果浏览器中没有设置的cookie了，就计数 if not request.COOKIES.get('blog_%s_readed' % blog_pk): blog.readed_num += 1 blog.save() response = render(request, 'blog/blog_detail.html', context) # response.set_cookie('blog_%s_readed' % blog_pk, 'true', max_age=60) # 60s 失效 response.set_cookie('blog_%s_readed' % blog_pk, 'true') # 默认退出浏览器失效 return response

class ReadNum(models.Model): read_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) blog = models.OneToOneField(Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE) # 或者 blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog, on_delete=models.CASCADE) @admin.register(ReadNum) class ReadNumAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('read_num', 'blog') if not request.COOKIES.get('blog_%s_readed' % blog_pk): # blog.readed_num += 1 # blog.save() if ReadNum.objects.filter(blog=blog): # 存在记录 readnum = ReadNum.objects.get(blog=blog) else: # 不存在记录 readnum = ReadNum(blog=blog) # 计数加1 readnum.read_num += 1 readnum.save()

from django.db import models from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType # Create your models here. class ReadNum(models.Model): read_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')

from django.contrib import admin from .models import ReadNum # Register your models here. @admin.register(ReadNum) class ReadNumAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('read_num', 'content_object')

# shell 中实践 使用 >>> from read_statistics.models import ReadNum >>> from blog.models import Blog >>> from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType >>> ContentType.objects.filter(model='blog') <QuerySet [<ContentType: blog>]> >>> ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog) <ContentType: blog> >>> ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog) >>> blog = Blog.objects.first() >>> blog.pk 1 >>> ReadNum.objects.filter(content_type=ct, object_id=blog.pk) <QuerySet [<ReadNum: ReadNum object (2)>]> >>> rn = ReadNum.objects.filter(content_type=ct, object_id=blog.pk)[0] >>> rn <ReadNum: ReadNum object (2)> >>> rn.read_num 11

class ReadDetail(models.Model): date = models.DateField(default=timezone.now) read_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') @admin.register(ReadDetail) class ReadDetailAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('date', 'read_num', 'content_object') # 每天阅读量 + 1 date = timezone.now().date() if ReadDetail.objects.filter(content_type=ct, object_id=obj.pk, date=date).count(): # 存在记录 readDetail = ReadDetail.objects.get(content_type=ct, object_id=obj.pk, date=date) else: # 不存在记录 readDetail = ReadDetail(content_type=ct, object_id=obj.pk, date=date) # 计数加1 readDetail.read_num += 1 readDetail.save()

# 每天阅读量 + 1 date = timezone.now().date() readDetail, created = ReadDetail.objects.get_or_create(content_type=ct, object_id=obj.pk, date=date) readDetail.read_num += 1 readDetail.save()

# 统计最近7天阅读量 def get_seven_days_read_data(content_type): today = timezone.now().date() read_nums = [] for i in range(6, -1, -1): date = today - datetime.timedelta(days=i) read_details = ReadDetail.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, date=date) result = read_details.aggregate(read_num_sum=Sum('read_num')) # 聚合 read_nums.append(result['read_num_sum'] or 0) # 空则为0 return read_nums def home(request): blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog) read_nums = get_seven_days_read_data(blog_content_type) context = {} context['read_nums'] = read_nums return render(request, 'home.html', context) # shell 实践理解 Sum 和 aggregate >>> from django.db.models import Sum >>> from read_statistics.models import ReadDetail >>> rds = ReadDetail.objects.all() >>> rds.aggregate(read_num_sum=Sum('read_num')) # 返回结果的dict {'read_num_sum': 8}

# 获取今日热门文章 def get_today_hot_data(content_type): today = timezone.now().date() read_details = ReadDetail.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, date=today).order_by('-read_num') return read_details[:7] # 取前7条 # 获取昨天热门文章 def get_yesterday_hot_data(content_type): today = timezone.now().date() yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=1) read_details = ReadDetail.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, date=yesterday).order_by('-read_num') return read_details[:7] # 获取7天热门文章 def get_7_days_hot_data(content_type): today = timezone.now().date() date = today - datetime.timedelta(days=7) blogs = Blog.objects\ .filter(read_details__date__lt=today, read_details__date__gte=date)\ .values('id', 'title')\ .annotate(read_num_sum=Sum('read_details__read_num'))\ .order_by('-read_num_sum') return blogs[:7]

# 数据分组 聚合 查询 实践 GenericRelation from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericRelation class Blog(models.Model, ReadNumExpandMethod): read_details = GenericRelation(ReadDetail) >>> from blog.models import Blog >>> blog = Blog.objects.first() >>> blog <Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客 随笔>> >>> blog.read_details.all() <QuerySet [<ReadDetail: ReadDetail object (4)>]> >>> import datetime >>> from django.utils import timezone >>> toda = timezone.now().date() >>> today = timezone.now().date() >>> date = today - datetime.timedelta(days=7) >>> Blog.objects.filter(read_details__date__lt=today, read_details__date__gte=date) <QuerySet [<Blog: <Blog: 第一篇博客 随笔>>, <Blog: <Blog: 第2篇博客 随笔>>]> >>> blogs = Blog.objects.filter(read_details__date__lt=today, read_details__date__gte=date) >>> blogs.values('id', 'title') <QuerySet [{'id': 1, 'title': '第一篇博客 随笔'}, {'id': 2, 'title': '第2篇博客 随笔'}]> >>> from django.db.models import Sum >>> blogs.values('id', 'title').annotate(read_num_sum=Sum('read_details__read_num')).order_by('-read_num_sum') <QuerySet [{'id': 2, 'title': '第2篇博客 随笔', 'read_num_sum': 20}, {'id': 1, 'title': '第一篇博客 随笔', 'read_num_sum': 7}]>

CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache', 'LOCATION': 'my_cache_table', # 缓存表名 } } # Creating the cache table python manage.py createcachetable #Basic usage¶ #The basic interface is set(key, value, timeout) and get(key): from django.core.cache import cache >>> cache.set('my_key', 'hello, world!', 30) >>> cache.get('my_key') 'hello, world!'

from django.core.cache import cache hot_data_for_7_days = cache.get('hot_data_for_7_days') if hot_data_for_7_days is None: hot_data_for_7_days = get_7_days_hot_data(blog_content_type) cache.set('hot_data_for_7_days', hot_data_for_7_days, 20) print('calc') else: print('use cache')

# models from django.db import models from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.auth.models import User class Comment(models.Model): # 下面3行用来关联任意类型 content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') text = models.TextField() comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) # admin from django.contrib import admin from .models import Comment @admin.register(Comment) class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('content_object', 'text', 'comment_time', 'user') python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate

#If the current user has not logged in, this attribute will be set to an instance of AnonymousUser, otherwise it will be an instance of User. if request.user.is_authenticated: # Do something for authenticated users. ... else: # Do something for anonymous users. ... #This example shows how you might use both authenticate() and login(): from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login def my_view(request): username = request.POST['username'] password = request.POST['password'] user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password) if user is not None: login(request, user) # Redirect to a success page. ... else: # Return an 'invalid login' error message. ...

from django.urls import reverse # referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', '/') # 获取请求时网址，登录成功后返回 referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home')) #别名找到链接 if user is not None: auth.login(request, user) return redirect(referer) else: return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '用户名或密码错误'})

def update_comment(request): referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home')) # 数据检查 if not request.user.is_authenticated: return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '请先登录', 'redirect_to': referer}) text = request.POST.get('text', '').strip() # 多个空格也是空内容 if text == '': return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '评论内容不能为空', 'redirect_to': referer}) try: content_type = request.POST.get('content_type', '') object_id = int(request.POST.get('object_id', '')) model_class = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type).model_class() model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id) except Exception as e: return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': '评论对象不存在', 'redirect_to': referer}) # 通过则保存数据 comment = Comment() comment.user = user comment.text = text comment.content_object = model_obj comment.save() return redirect(referer) # 提交后重定向到原页面

class Comment(models.Model): # 下面3行用来关联任意类型 content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') text = models.TextField() comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta: ordering = ['-comment_time'] # 时间逆序，最新的在最前面

def blog_detail(request, blog_pk): blog = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk) read_cookie_key = read_statistics_one_read(request, blog) blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(blog) comments = Comment.objects.filter(content_type=blog_content_type, object_id=blog.pk) context = {} context['comments'] = comments context['previous_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__gt=blog.created_time).last() context['next_blog'] = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__lt=blog.created_time).first() context['blog'] = blog response = render(request, 'blog/blog_detail.html', context) response.set_cookie(read_cookie_key, 'true') # 阅读cookie标记 return response

# forms.py from django import forms from django.contrib import auth # 定制登录表单 class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名', required=True) # 默认为True password = forms.CharField(label='密码', widget=forms.PasswordInput) # views.py def login(request): if request.method == 'POST': login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) if login_form.is_valid(): # 验证通过 username = login_form.cleaned_data['username'] password = login_form.cleaned_data['password'] user = auth.authenticate(request, username=username, password=password) if user is not None: auth.login(request, user) return redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home'))) # 没有就跳转首页 else: login_form.add_error(None, '用户名或密码错误') # 添加错误提示 else: # get 加载页面 login_form = LoginForm() # 实例化表单 context = {} context['login_form'] = login_form return render(request, 'login.html', context) # login.html <form action="" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ login_form }} <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form>

# 登录时的页面，带着当时的路径 未登录，登录后方可评论 <a href="{% url 'login' %}?from={{ request.get_full_path }}">登录</a> # 拿到路径，如果没有就跳转首页 redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home'))) # 没有就跳转首页

class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名', required=True) # 默认为True password = forms.CharField(label='密码', widget=forms.PasswordInput) # 验证数据方法 def clean(self): username = self.cleaned_data['username'] password = self.cleaned_data['password'] user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) if user is None: raise forms.ValidationError('用户名或密码错误') elif: self.cleaned_data['user'] = user return self.cleaned_data # 优化后的调用 def login(request): if request.method == 'POST': login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) if login_form.is_valid(): user = login_form.cleaned_data['user'] auth.login(request, user) return redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home'))) else: # get 加载页面 login_form = LoginForm() # 实例化表单 context = {} context['login_form'] = login_form return render(request, 'login.html', context)

>>> from django import forms >>> filter(lambda x: 'Input' in x, dir(forms)) <filter object at 0x10304ea58> >>> list(filter(lambda x: 'Input' in x, dir(forms))) ['CheckboxInput', 'ClearableFileInput', 'DateInput', 'DateTimeInput', 'EmailInput', 'FileInput', 'HiddenInput', 'MultipleHiddenInput', 'NumberInput', 'PasswordInput', 'TextInput', 'TimeInput', 'URLInput'] >>> >>> filter(lambda x: 'Field' in x, dir(forms)) <filter object at 0x10304e908> >>> list(filter(lambda x: 'Field' in x, dir(forms))) ['BooleanField', 'BoundField', 'CharField', 'ChoiceField', 'ComboField', 'DateField', 'DateTimeField', 'DecimalField', 'DurationField', 'EmailField', 'Field', 'FileField', 'FilePathField', 'FloatField', 'GenericIPAddressField', 'ImageField', 'IntegerField', 'ModelChoiceField', 'ModelMultipleChoiceField', 'MultiValueField', 'MultipleChoiceField', 'NullBooleanField', 'RegexField', 'SlugField', 'SplitDateTimeField', 'TimeField', 'TypedChoiceField', 'TypedMultipleChoiceField', 'URLField', 'UUIDField']

# 定制登录表单显示 class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名', required=True, # 默认为True widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入用户名'})) # 设置渲染后的html的属性 password = forms.CharField(label='密码', widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入密码'}))

class RegForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名', required=True, # 默认为True max_length=30, min_length=4, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入3-30位用户名'})) email = forms.EmailField(label='邮箱', widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入邮箱'})) password = forms.CharField(label='密码', min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'请输入密码'})) password_again = forms.CharField(label='密码', min_length=6, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder':'再输入一次密码'})) # 验证数据, 是否有效，是否存在 def clean_username(self): username = self.cleaned_data['username'] if User.objects.filter(username=username).exists(): raise forms.ValidationError('用户名已存在') return username def clean_email(self): email = self.cleaned_data['email'] if User.objects.filter(email=email).exists(): raise forms.ValidationError('邮箱已存在') return email def clean_password_again(self): password = self.cleaned_data['password'] password_again = self.cleaned_data['password_again'] if password != password_again: raise forms.ValidationError('两次输入的密码不一致') return password_again

def register(request): if request.method == 'POST': reg_form = RegForm(request.POST) if reg_form.is_valid(): username = reg_form.cleaned_data['username'] password = reg_form.cleaned_data['password'] email = reg_form.cleaned_data['email'] # 创建用户 user = User.objects.create_user(username, email, password) user.save() # 或者 '''  user = User()  user.username = username  user.email = email  user.set_password(password)  user.save()  ''' # 登录用户 user = auth.authenticate(username=username, password=password) auth.login(request, user) # 跳转注册之前的页面 return redirect(request.GET.get('from', reverse('home'))) else: reg_form = RegForm() # 实例化表单 context = {} context['reg_form'] = reg_form return render(request, 'register.html', context)

# comment/forms.py from django import forms from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.db.models import ObjectDoesNotExist class CommentForm(forms.Form): content_type = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput) object_id = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput) text = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): if 'user' in kwargs: self.user = kwargs.pop('user') # 接收用户信息, 并剔除，为了下一句不出错 super(CommentForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) # 验证数据 def clean(self): # 判断用户是否登录 if self.user.is_authenticated: self.cleaned_data['user'] = self.user else: raise forms.ValidationError('用户尚未登录') # 评论对象验证 content_type = self.cleaned_data['content_type'] object_id = self.cleaned_data['object_id'] try: model_class = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type).model_class() model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id) self.cleaned_data['content_object'] = model_obj except ObjectDoesNotExist: raise forms.ValidationError('评论对象不存在') return self.cleaned_data # 提交 <form action="{% url 'update_comment' %}" method="POST" style="overflow: hidden"> {% csrf_token %} <label for="comment_text">{{ user.username }}，欢迎评论～</label> {{ comment_form }} <input type="submit" value="评论" class="btn btn-primary" style="float:right"> </form> # 处理逻辑 def update_comment(request): referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home')) comment_form = CommentForm(request.POST, user=request.user) # 实例化, 传递了用户信息，直接有表单类验证登录 if comment_form.is_valid(): # 通过则保存数据 comment = Comment() comment.user = comment_form.cleaned_data['user'] comment.text = comment_form.cleaned_data['text'] comment.content_object = comment_form.cleaned_data['content_object'] comment.save() return redirect(referer) # 提交后重定向到原页面 else: return render(request, 'error.html', {'message': comment_form.errors, 'redirect_to': referer})

# forms.py from ckeditor.widgets import CKEditorWidget class CommentForm(forms.Form): text = forms.CharField(widget=CKEditorWidget(config_name='comment_ckeditor')) # settings.py 添加设置即可，通过 comment_ckeditor # 配置ckeditor评论表单 CKEDITOR_CONFIGS = { 'comment_ckeditor': { 'toolbar': 'custom', 'toolbar_custom': [ ['Bold', 'Italic', 'Underline', 'Strike', 'Subscript', 'Superscript'], ['TextColor', 'BGColor', 'RemoveFormat'], ['NumberedList', 'BulletedList'], ['Link', 'Unlink'], ['Smiley', 'SpecialChar', 'Blockquote'], ], 'width': 'auto', 'height': '180', 'tabspace': 4, 'removePlugins': 'elementspath', 'resize_enable': False, } } # 前端引入js <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor-init.js" %}"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="{% static "ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js" %}"></script> div.django-ckeditor-widget { width: 100%; }

def update_comment(request): # referer = request.META.get('HTTP_REFERER', reverse('home')) comment_form = CommentForm( request.POST, user=request.user) # 实例化, 传递了用户信息，直接有表单类验证登录 data = {} if comment_form.is_valid(): # 通过则保存数据 comment = Comment() comment.user = comment_form.cleaned_data['user'] comment.text = comment_form.cleaned_data['text'] comment.content_object = comment_form.cleaned_data['content_object'] comment.save() # 返回数据 data['status'] = 'SUCCESS' data['username'] = comment.user.username data['comment_time'] = comment.comment_time.strftime( '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') data['text'] = comment.text else: data['status'] = 'ERROR' data['message'] = list(comment_form.errors.values())[0][0] return JsonResponse(data)

class CommentForm(forms.Form): text = forms.CharField( widget=CKEditorWidget(config_name='comment_ckeditor'), error_messages={'required': '评论内容为空'})

class Comment(models.Model): ... text = models.TextField() comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='comments', on_delete=models.CASCADE) root = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='root_comment', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) parent = models.ForeignKey('self', related_name='parent_comment', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE) reply_to = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='replies', null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

# 评论表单 class CommentForm(forms.Form): # 回复的哪条 reply_comment_id = forms.IntegerField( widget=forms.HiddenInput(attrs={'id': 'reply_comment_id'})) # 验证提交的数据 def clean_reply_comment_id(self): reply_comment_id = self.cleaned_data['reply_comment_id'] if reply_comment_id < 0: raise forms.ValidationError('回复出错') elif reply_comment_id == 0: self.cleaned_data['parent'] = None elif Comment.objects.filter(pk=reply_comment_id).exists(): self.cleaned_data['parent'] = Comment.objects.get( pk=reply_comment_id) else: raise forms.ValidationError('回复出错') return reply_comment_id

# 创建包，和文件 # Django_Course/mysite/comment/templatetags/comment_tags.py # vscode cmd +k p 复制当前文件的路径 from django import template from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from ..models import Comment register = template.Library() @register.simple_tag def get_comment_count(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model( obj) # 根据具体对象获取contenttype return Comment.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, object_id=obj.pk).count() {% load comment_tags %} 评论({% get_comment_count blog %}

@register.simple_tag def get_comment_form(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) form = CommentForm(initial={ 'content_type': content_type, 'object_id': obj.pk, 'reply_comment_id': 0 }) return form @register.simple_tag def get_comment_list(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) comments = comments = Comment.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, object_id=obj.pk, parent=None) return comments.order_by('-comment_time') # 引用 {% get_comment_form blog as comment_form %} {% for field in comment_form %} {% get_comment_list blog as comments %} {% for comment in comments %}

# Django_Course/mysite/likes/models.py from django.db import models from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib.auth.models import User class LikeCount(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') liked_num = models.IntegerField(default=0) class LikeRecord(models.Model): content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.CASCADE) object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField() content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id') user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) liked_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # 总 urls 添加 path('likes/', include('likes.urls')), # app urls path('like_change', views.like_change, name='like_change')

def ErrorResponse(code, message): data = {} data['status'] = 'ERROR' data['code'] = code data['message'] = message return JsonResponse(data) def SuccessResponse(liked_num): data = {} data['status'] = 'SUCCESS' data['liked_num'] = liked_num return JsonResponse(data) def like_change(request): # 获取请求传递的数据 # 获取用户，验证用户登录 user = request.user if not user.is_authenticated: return ErrorResponse(400, 'you were not login') content_type = request.GET.get('content_type') object_id = int(request.GET.get('object_id')) try: content_type = ContentType.objects.get(model=content_type) model_class = content_type.model_class() model_obj = model_class.objects.get(pk=object_id) except ObjectDoesNotExist: return ErrorResponse(401, 'object not exist') # 处理数据 if request.GET.get('is_like') == 'true': # 要点赞 print('hi') like_record, created = LikeRecord.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user) if created: # 未点赞过，点赞数加1 like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id) like_count.liked_num += 1 like_count.save() return SuccessResponse(like_count.liked_num) else: # 已点赞过，不能重复点赞 return ErrorResponse(402, 'you were liked') else: # 取消点赞 if LikeRecord.objects.filter(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user): # 有点赞，取消点赞 like_record = LikeRecord.objects.get(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id, user=user) like_record.delete() # 点赞总数 -1 like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create(content_type=content_type, object_id=object_id) if not created: like_count.liked_num -= 1 like_count.save() return SuccessResponse(like_count.liked_num) else: return ErrorResponse(404, 'data error') else: # 没点赞过，不能取消 return ErrorResponse(403, 'you were not liked')

# Django_Course/mysite/likes/templatetags/likes_tags.py from django import template from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from ..models import LikeCount, LikeRecord register = template.Library() @register.simple_tag def get_like_count(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) like_count, created = LikeCount.objects.get_or_create( content_type=content_type, object_id=obj.pk) return like_count.liked_num @register.simple_tag(takes_context=True) # 使用模版里面的变量 def get_like_status(context, obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) user = context['user'] if not user.is_authenticated: return '' if LikeRecord.objects.filter( content_type=content_type, object_id=obj.pk, user=user).exists(): return 'active' else: return '' @register.simple_tag def get_content_type(obj): content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(obj) return content_type.model

def login_for_modal(request): login_form = LoginForm(request.POST) data = {} if login_form.is_valid(): user = login_form.cleaned_data['user'] auth.login(request, user) data['status'] = 'SUCCESS' else: data['status'] = 'ERROR' return JsonResponse(data)