[java] Add nullness for exceptions

[mk868]

User description

Description

In this PR I'm adding nullness annotations for classes:

• org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException
• org.openqa.selenium.NotFoundException
• org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException
• org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException

NullAway analysis: #14421

Motivation and Context

The JSpecify nullness annotations will give developers better exposure to potential problems with their code to avoid NullPointerExceptions.
Related issue: #14291

Types of changes

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)

Checklist

• I have read the contributing document.
• My change requires a change to the documentation.
• I have updated the documentation accordingly.
• I have added tests to cover my changes.
• All new and existing tests passed.

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PR Type

Enhancement

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Description

• Added JSpecify Nullness annotations to exception classes for better null safety.

• Marked constructors and methods with @Nullable where applicable.

• Introduced @NullMarked annotation to enforce nullness checks in classes.

• Improved IDE and static analyzer interoperability for null pointer warnings.

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Changes walkthrough 📝

Relevant files

Enhancement

NoSuchElementException.java Add nullness annotations to NoSuchElementException              java/src/org/openqa/selenium/NoSuchElementException.java Added @NullMarked annotation to the class. Marked constructor parameters and methods with @Nullable. Enhanced null safety for getSupportUrl method. +7/-3      NotFoundException.java Add nullness annotations to NotFoundException                        java/src/org/openqa/selenium/NotFoundException.java Added @NullMarked annotation to the class. Marked constructor parameters with @Nullable. Improved null safety for exception handling. +7/-3      StaleElementReferenceException.java Add nullness annotations to StaleElementReferenceException java/src/org/openqa/selenium/StaleElementReferenceException.java Added @NullMarked annotation to the class. Marked constructor parameters and methods with @Nullable. Enhanced null safety for getSupportUrl method. +7/-3      WebDriverException.java Add nullness annotations to WebDriverException                      java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java Added @NullMarked annotation to the class. Marked constructors, methods, and parameters with @Nullable. Improved null safety for getMessage, getRawMessage, and createMessage methods. +10/-7

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[qodo-merge-pro]

PR Reviewer Guide 🔍

Here are some key observations to aid the review process:

🎫 Ticket compliance analysis ✅ 14291 - PR Code Verified Compliant requirements: Added JSpecify Nullness annotations to exception classes Marked nullable parameters and return values with @nullable Made nullness information transparent to IDEs via annotations Requires further human verification: Verify that the annotations improve Kotlin interoperability

⏱️ Estimated effort to review: 1 🔵⚪⚪⚪⚪

🧪 No relevant tests

🔒 No security concerns identified

⚡ Recommended focus areas for review Annotation Consistency The createMessage() method is marked to accept @nullable parameter but doesn't handle the null case explicitly. Consider adding null check or documenting the expected behavior. private String createMessage(@Nullable String originalMessageString) { String supportMessage = Optional.ofNullable(getSupportUrl()) .map(url -> String.format("For documentation on this error, please visit: %s", url)) .orElse("");

[mk868]

Fixed NullAway errors:

java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java:62: error: [NullAway] returning @Nullable expression from method with @NonNull return type return getCause() instanceof WebDriverException ^ (see http://t.uber.com/nullaway ) java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java:64: error: [NullAway] passing @Nullable parameter 'super.getMessage()' where @NonNull is required : createMessage(super.getMessage()); ^ (see http://t.uber.com/nullaway ) java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java:74: error: [NullAway] returning @Nullable expression from method with @NonNull return type return super.getMessage(); ^ (see http://t.uber.com/nullaway ) java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java:109: error: [NullAway] returning @Nullable expression from method with @NonNull return type return null; ^ (see http://t.uber.com/nullaway ) 

[qodo-merge-pro]

PR Code Suggestions ✨

Explore these optional code suggestions:

Category	Suggestion	Score
Possible issue	Add explicit null handling for message parameter to prevent potential null pointer exceptions The createMessage method should handle null originalMessageString parameter more explicitly by providing a default value or message when null is passed, rather than potentially passing null to String.format() calls. java/src/org/openqa/selenium/WebDriverException.java [80-84] private String createMessage(@Nullable String originalMessageString) { + String message = originalMessageString != null ? originalMessageString : "Unknown error"; String supportMessage = Optional.ofNullable(getSupportUrl()) .map(url -> String.format("For documentation on this error, please visit: %s", url)) .orElse(""); Apply this suggestion Suggestion importance[1-10]: 8 Why: The suggestion addresses a potential null pointer vulnerability by explicitly handling null message parameters. This is particularly important for exception handling and aligns well with the PR's focus on null safety.	8