en: The Linux command line is a text interface to your computer. Often referred to as the shell, terminal, console, prompt or various other names, it can give the appearance of being complex and confusing to use. Yet the ability to copy and paste commands from a website, combined with the power and flexibility the command line offers.
This tutorial will teach you a little more about commands line on Linux.
pt: A linha de comando do Linux é uma interface de texto para o seu computador. Freqüentemente referido como shell, terminal, console, prompt ou vários outros nomes, pode dar a aparência de ser complexo e confuso de usar. Ainda assim, a capacidade de copiar e colar comandos de um site, combinada com o poder e flexibilidade que a linha de comando oferece.
Este tutorial vai te ensinar um pouco mais sobre linha de comando no Linux.
- en: Create folder
mkdir /tmp/tutorial- en: Enter folder
cd /tmp/tutorial- en: Back folder
cd .. # go back cd / # go root drive- en: List folder
ls ls -a # show all hidden files ls -la # show all hidden files on listing format ls -ld .?* # show all hidden directory on listing format # Explain: # -a show all files (ALL) # -l use a long listing format # -d, --directory list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference /media/natancabral/FILES/developer/olic links # .?* will only state hidden files - en: Write output list
ls > output.txt- en: Displayed Text on screen
echo "Hello Word"- en: Writer Text in file
echo "Hello Word" > savefile.txt- en: Add text on end file
echo "Final Line" >> savefile.txt - en: Move file
mv myfile.txt dir1 ls dir1- en: Move all files on "dir1" foder into "current" folder (single dot (.) can be used to represent the current working)
mv dir1/* .- en: Backup file
mv backup_combined.txt combined_backup.txt mv "folder1" "folder1_back"- en: Move folder/path
mv fromPath/ toPath/ mv fromPath/ ../toPath/- en: Copy Files
cp cp /etc/passwd /mnt/backup/ cp /etc/passwd /etc/group /etc/shadow /mnt/backup/ # multiple copys file to /mnt/backup/ cp -i # interactively (show copy process) cp -n # do not overwrite- en: Copy Directory or Folder
cp -r cp -r /etc/passwd /mnt/backup/ cp -ir # interactively (show copy process) cp -n # do not overwrite- en: Remove Files and Folders
rm file.ext rm folder rmdir folder* # delete folder1,folder2,folder_,folder... rmdir folder1/* # delete into folder1/ rm -r folder_name # very dangers (delete files and folders names) rm -rf folder_name # very very 2x dangers (delete files and folders names) # -r - recursive # -f - force- en: Show tree folder (install: $ sudo apt install tree)
tree tree -a- en: Creating Symbolic Link | Symlink
# ln -s <source_file_directory> <link_file_directory> # -s stands for symbolic link (make symbolic links instead of hard links) sudo ln -s /home/<username>/Downloads /Downloads sudo ln -s /home/<username>/Downloads Downloads sudo ln -s /media/<username>/<HD>/files/local/developer/ Dev # remove Symlink unlink <link> rm <link> unlink Dev # -------------------------------------------- # To access Symlink: cd Dev cd /Downloads cd Downloads- en: User access
sudo su -nameuserhere # to access your username sudo su -- # root user- en: Find in /Home (~/) size files > 1GB and list then
- pt: Busque por arquivos em /Home de tamanho maior que 1GB e liste
find ./ -name "*gnnc*" -type f # f files | d directories find ~ -size +1G -ls find ~ -maxdepth 2 -ls -name *.ini find ./folder_name -maxdepth 1 -name *.php find -maxdepth 3 -name "*.ini" -not -path ~ -ls find -name "*.ini" -path ~ -ls find -name "*.ini" ! -name "*config.*" -ls # AND ! not have find -name "*.php" -o -name "*.js" -ls # -o OR have find . –user maria # on user path # -type f - only files # -type d - only directories # -ls - show list # -maxdepth - max depth find # -name - have filename # ! -name - not have filename # -not -name - not have filename # -o - OR # -path - local path # -user - nameuser # font: https://e-tinet.com/linux/comando-find-linux/- en: Displays all of your previous commands up to the history limit.
history- en: Print Working Directory. Ubuntu command displays the full pathname
pwd- en: Display System storage
df- en: Free space avaliable
free- en: Display Process
top- en: Change Password User
passwd <user>- en: Knolege: WHAT IS (command)
whatis <command> whatis cp whatis su whatis passwd- en: Manual: MAN (command)
man <command> man ls man su man ssh- en: Where program was installed
which which calendar which nano which gedit- en: Used to examine or control the kernel ring buffer.
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