super

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since March 2016.

super 關鍵字被使用於通過函式存取父層

super.propsuper[expr] 表達有效在 method definitionclassesobject literals.

語法

super([arguments]); // calls the parent constructor. super.functionOnParent([arguments]); 

描述

當使用建構子,super 關鍵字必須出現在this 關鍵字之前使用,super 關鍵字也可以使用在呼叫函式與父對象

範例

在類別中使用 super

這個程式碼片段從 classes sample (live demo). 這裏的 super() 被呼叫去避免複製到建構子的 RectangleSquare 的共通部分。

js
class Rectangle { constructor(height, width) { this.name = "Rectangle"; this.height = height; this.width = width; } sayName() { console.log("Hi, I am a ", this.name + "."); } get area() { return this.height * this.width; } set area(value) { this.area = value; } } class Square extends Rectangle { constructor(length) { this.height; // ReferenceError, super needs to be called first! // Here, it calls the parent class's constructor with lengths // provided for the Rectangle's width and height super(length, length); // Note: In derived classes, super() must be called before you // can use 'this'. Leaving this out will cause a reference error. this.name = "Square"; } } 

Super-calling 靜態方法

你也可以使用在靜態方法.

js
class Rectangle { constructor() {} static logNbSides() { return "I have 4 sides"; } } class Square extends Rectangle { constructor() {} static logDescription() { return super.logNbSides() + " which are all equal"; } } Square.logDescription(); // 'I have 4 sides which are all equal' 

刪除 super 屬性將拋出錯誤

你不能使用 delete operator 以及 super.prop 以及 super[expr] 去刪除父層的類別屬性, 不然他會丟出一個錯誤 ReferenceError.

js
class Base { constructor() {} foo() {} } class Derived extends Base { constructor() {} delete() { delete super.foo; // this is bad } } new Derived().delete(); // ReferenceError: invalid delete involving 'super'. 

super.prop 不能複寫在不能複寫的屬性

當定義不可寫屬性,例如 Object.defineProperty, super 不能複寫這個屬性的值.

js
class X { constructor() { Object.defineProperty(this, "prop", { configurable: true, writable: false, value: 1, }); } } class Y extends X { constructor() { super(); } foo() { super.prop = 2; // Cannot overwrite the value. } } var y = new Y(); y.foo(); // TypeError: "prop" is read-only console.log(y.prop); // 1 

使用 super.prop 在對象符號

Super 可以使用在 object initializer / literal 符號. 在這個範例, 有兩個對象定義在一個方法. 在第二個對象裡面, super 呼叫了第一個對象的方法. 這個動作幫助 Object.setPrototypeOf() 讓我們可以設定原型 obj2 to obj1, 所以 super 可以發現 method1obj1裡被找到.

js
var obj1 = { method1() { console.log("method 1"); }, }; var obj2 = { method2() { super.method1(); }, }; Object.setPrototypeOf(obj2, obj1); obj2.method2(); // logs "method 1" 

規格

Specification
ECMAScript® 2026 Language Specification
# sec-super-keyword

Browser compatibility

參考