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258</style>
259<title>git-checkout(1)</title>
260</head>
261<body>
262<div id="header">
263<h1>
264git-checkout(1) Manual Page
265</h1>
266<h2>NAME</h2>
267<div class="sectionbody">
268<p>git-checkout -
Junio C Hamanoa14a4032008-03-25 09:11:02[diff] [blame]269 Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]270</p>
271</div>
272</div>
273<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
274<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]275<div class="verseblock">
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]276<div class="content"><em>git checkout</em> [-q] [-f] [[--track | --no-track] -b &lt;new_branch&gt; [-l]] [-m] [&lt;branch&gt;]
277<em>git checkout</em> [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] &lt;paths&gt;&#8230;</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]278</div>
279<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
280<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]281<p>When &lt;paths&gt; are not given, this command switches branches by
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]282updating the index and working tree to reflect the specified
283branch, &lt;branch&gt;, and updating HEAD to be &lt;branch&gt; or, if
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]284specified, &lt;new_branch&gt;. Using -b will cause &lt;new_branch&gt; to
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]285be created; in this case you can use the --track or --no-track
286options, which will be passed to <tt>git branch</tt>.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]287<p>When &lt;paths&gt; are given, this command does <strong>not</strong> switch
288branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]289the index file (i.e. it runs <tt>git checkout-index -f -u</tt>), or
Junio C Hamano0e3cb532007-04-17 08:28:11[diff] [blame]290from a named commit. In
291this case, the <tt>-f</tt> and <tt>-b</tt> options are meaningless and giving
Junio C Hamano8f62db92007-02-01 00:22:22[diff] [blame]292either of them results in an error. &lt;tree-ish&gt; argument can be
293used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
294to update the index for the given paths before updating the
295working tree.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]296</div>
297<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
298<div class="sectionbody">
299<dl>
300<dt>
Junio C Hamano39381a72007-02-02 07:35:15[diff] [blame]301-q
302</dt>
303<dd>
304<p>
Junio C Hamanocae86272007-08-21 02:20:49[diff] [blame]305 Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
Junio C Hamano39381a72007-02-02 07:35:15[diff] [blame]306</p>
307</dd>
308<dt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]309-f
310</dt>
311<dd>
312<p>
Junio C Hamano0e3cb532007-04-17 08:28:11[diff] [blame]313 Proceed even if the index or the working tree differs
314 from HEAD. This is used to throw away local changes.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]315</p>
316</dd>
317<dt>
318-b
319</dt>
320<dd>
321<p>
Junio C Hamanob2f5edd2006-05-21 10:50:09[diff] [blame]322 Create a new branch named &lt;new_branch&gt; and start it at
323 &lt;branch&gt;. The new branch name must pass all checks defined
324 by <a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>. Some of these checks
325 may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]326</p>
327</dd>
328<dt>
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]329-t
330</dt>
331<dt>
332--track
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]333</dt>
334<dd>
335<p>
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]336 When creating a new branch, set up configuration so that <tt>git-pull</tt>
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]337 will automatically retrieve data from the start point, which must be
338 a branch. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch
339 into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull
340 &lt;repository&gt; &lt;refspec&gt;" explicitly. This behavior is the default
341 when the start point is a remote branch. Set the
342 branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to <tt>false</tt> if you want
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]343 <tt>git-checkout</tt> and <tt>git-branch</tt> to always behave as if <em>--no-track</em> were
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]344 given. Set it to <tt>always</tt> if you want this behavior when the
345 start-point is either a local or remote branch.
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]346</p>
347</dd>
348<dt>
349--no-track
350</dt>
351<dd>
352<p>
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]353 Ignore the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable.
Junio C Hamano103ad7f2007-03-14 11:19:26[diff] [blame]354</p>
355</dd>
356<dt>
Junio C Hamano341071d2006-06-04 07:24:48[diff] [blame]357-l
358</dt>
359<dd>
360<p>
Junio C Hamano1d90cb02007-07-03 07:05:31[diff] [blame]361 Create the new branch's reflog. This activates recording of
362 all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
363 based sha1 expressions such as "&lt;branchname&gt;@{yesterday}".
Junio C Hamano341071d2006-06-04 07:24:48[diff] [blame]364</p>
365</dd>
366<dt>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]367-m
368</dt>
369<dd>
370<p>
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]371 If you have local modifications to one or more files that
372 are different between the current branch and the branch to
373 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
374 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
375 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]376 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
377 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
378</p>
379<p>When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
380paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]381and mark the resolved paths with <tt>git add</tt> (or <tt>git rm</tt> if the merge
382should result in deletion of the path).</p>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]383</dd>
384<dt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]385&lt;new_branch&gt;
386</dt>
387<dd>
388<p>
389 Name for the new branch.
390</p>
391</dd>
392<dt>
393&lt;branch&gt;
394</dt>
395<dd>
396<p>
397 Branch to checkout; may be any object ID that resolves to a
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]398 commit. Defaults to HEAD.
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]399</p>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]400<p>When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object),
401your HEAD becomes <em>detached</em>.</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]402</dd>
403</dl>
404</div>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]405<h2>Detached HEAD</h2>
406<div class="sectionbody">
407<p>It is sometimes useful to be able to <em>checkout</em> a commit that is
408not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
409example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
410point, like this:</p>
411<div class="listingblock">
412<div class="content">
413<pre><tt>$ git checkout v2.6.18</tt></pre>
414</div></div>
415<p>Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
416create a temporary branch using <tt>-b</tt> option, but starting from
417version 1.5.0, the above command <em>detaches</em> your HEAD from the
418current branch and directly point at the commit named by the tag
419(<tt>v2.6.18</tt> in the above example).</p>
420<p>You can use usual git commands while in this state. You can use
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]421<tt>git reset --hard $othercommit</tt> to further move around, for
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]422example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
423a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using <tt>git
424merge $othercommit</tt>.</p>
425<p>The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
426by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
427What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
428and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. <tt>git
429checkout master</tt>), and a later <tt>git prune</tt> or <tt>git gc</tt> would
Junio C Hamano9d52e572007-02-13 23:48:20[diff] [blame]430garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
431the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.</p>
432<div class="listingblock">
433<div class="content">
434<pre><tt>$ git log -g -2 HEAD</tt></pre>
435</div></div>
Junio C Hamano4f9a6052007-01-17 20:25:16[diff] [blame]436</div>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]437<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]438<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]439<ol>
440<li>
441<p>
442The following sequence checks out the <tt>master</tt> branch, reverts
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]443the <tt>Makefile</tt> to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]444mistake, and gets it back from the index.
445</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]446<div class="listingblock">
447<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]448<pre><tt>$ git checkout master <b>(1)</b>
449$ git checkout master~2 Makefile <b>(2)</b>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]450$ rm -f hello.c
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]451$ git checkout hello.c <b>(3)</b></tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]452</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]453<ol>
454<li>
455<p>
456switch branch
457</p>
458</li>
459<li>
460<p>
461take out a file out of other commit
462</p>
463</li>
464<li>
465<p>
466restore hello.c from HEAD of current branch
467</p>
468<p>If you have an unfortunate branch that is named <tt>hello.c</tt>, this
469step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
470You should instead write:</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]471<div class="listingblock">
472<div class="content">
473<pre><tt>$ git checkout -- hello.c</tt></pre>
474</div></div>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]475</li>
Junio C Hamanoc8d88c22006-04-29 07:02:01[diff] [blame]476</ol>
477</li>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]478<li>
479<p>
480After working in a wrong branch, switching to the correct
Junio C Hamano2b135272006-03-18 07:45:42[diff] [blame]481branch would be done using:
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]482</p>
483<div class="listingblock">
484<div class="content">
485<pre><tt>$ git checkout mytopic</tt></pre>
486</div></div>
487<p>However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
488differ in files that you have locally modified, in which case,
489the above checkout would fail like this:</p>
490<div class="listingblock">
491<div class="content">
492<pre><tt>$ git checkout mytopic
493fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.</tt></pre>
494</div></div>
495<p>You can give the <tt>-m</tt> flag to the command, which would try a
496three-way merge:</p>
497<div class="listingblock">
498<div class="content">
499<pre><tt>$ git checkout -m mytopic
500Auto-merging frotz</tt></pre>
501</div></div>
502<p>After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
503registered in your index file, so <tt>git diff</tt> would show you what
504changes you made since the tip of the new branch.</p>
505</li>
506<li>
507<p>
508When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
509the <tt>-m</tt> option, you would see something like this:
510</p>
511<div class="listingblock">
512<div class="content">
513<pre><tt>$ git checkout -m mytopic
514Auto-merging frotz
515merge: warning: conflicts during merge
516ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
517fatal: merge program failed</tt></pre>
518</div></div>
519<p>At this point, <tt>git diff</tt> shows the changes cleanly merged as in
520the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
521files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]522<tt>git add</tt> as usual:</p>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]523<div class="listingblock">
524<div class="content">
525<pre><tt>$ edit frotz
Junio C Hamano89d4e0f2007-02-18 00:34:59[diff] [blame]526$ git add frotz</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano74e8a2d2006-01-14 03:58:41[diff] [blame]527</div></div>
528</li>
529</ol>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]530</div>
531<h2>Author</h2>
532<div class="sectionbody">
533<p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;</p>
534</div>
535<h2>Documentation</h2>
536<div class="sectionbody">
537<p>Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
538</div>
539<h2>GIT</h2>
540<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53[diff] [blame]541<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]542</div>
543<div id="footer">
544<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38[diff] [blame^]545Last updated 02-Jul-2008 03:01:34 UTC
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]546</div>
547</div>
548</body>
549</html>