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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / cf7310088e7328f8aa7ea2c5de767ef9499b5d78 / . / technical / http-protocol.html
blob: 9bddaed6807dc69c128a809ab108ad414750978f [file] [log] [blame]
Junio C Hamano944ce252018-05-30 22:25:26[diff] [blame]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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Junio C Hamano944ce252018-05-30 22:25:26[diff] [blame]7<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.6.10" />
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]8<title>HTTP transfer protocols</title>
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]91.monospaced, code, pre {
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]95 padding: 0;
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]101
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]229span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]230a.image:visited { color: white; }
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]359div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]360 margin-top: 0;
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]417div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]419
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]425div.tableblock {
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]458table.tableblock {
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]537
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Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]539</style>
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]583 var re = new RegExp('[hH]([1-'+(toclevels+1)+'])');
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]584 // Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]612 if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div'
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]613 && entry.getAttribute("class")
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Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]658 if (entry.nodeName.toLowerCase() == 'div' && entry.getAttribute("class") == "footnote")
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]659 entriesToRemove.push(entry);
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734</head>
735<body class="article">
736<div id="header">
737<h1>HTTP transfer protocols</h1>
738</div>
739<div id="content">
740<div id="preamble">
741<div class="sectionbody">
742<div class="paragraph"><p>Git supports two HTTP based transfer protocols. A "dumb" protocol
743which requires only a standard HTTP server on the server end of the
744connection, and a "smart" protocol which requires a Git aware CGI
745(or server module). This document describes both protocols.</p></div>
746<div class="paragraph"><p>As a design feature smart clients can automatically upgrade "dumb"
747protocol URLs to smart URLs. This permits all users to have the
748same published URL, and the peers automatically select the most
749efficient transport available to them.</p></div>
750</div>
751</div>
752<div class="sect1">
753<h2 id="_url_format">URL Format</h2>
754<div class="sectionbody">
755<div class="paragraph"><p>URLs for Git repositories accessed by HTTP use the standard HTTP
756URL syntax documented by RFC 1738, so they are of the form:</p></div>
757<div class="literalblock">
758<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]759<pre><code>http://&lt;host&gt;:&lt;port&gt;/&lt;path&gt;?&lt;searchpart&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]760</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]761<div class="paragraph"><p>Within this documentation the placeholder <code>$GIT_URL</code> will stand for
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]762the http:// repository URL entered by the end-user.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]763<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD handle all requests to locations matching <code>$GIT_URL</code>, as
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]764both the "smart" and "dumb" HTTP protocols used by Git operate
765by appending additional path components onto the end of the user
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]766supplied <code>$GIT_URL</code> string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]767<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a dumb client requesting for a loose object:</p></div>
768<div class="literalblock">
769<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]770<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git
771URL request: http://example.com:8080/git/repo.git/objects/d0/49f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]772</div></div>
773<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a smart request to a catch-all gateway:</p></div>
774<div class="literalblock">
775<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]776<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&amp;q=
777URL request: http://example.com/daemon.cgi?svc=git&amp;q=/info/refs&amp;service=git-receive-pack</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]778</div></div>
779<div class="paragraph"><p>An example of a request to a submodule:</p></div>
780<div class="literalblock">
781<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]782<pre><code>$GIT_URL: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git
783URL request: http://example.com/git/repo.git/path/submodule.git/info/refs</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]784</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]785<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST strip a trailing <code>/</code>, if present, from the user supplied
786<code>$GIT_URL</code> string to prevent empty path tokens (<code>//</code>) from appearing
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]787in any URL sent to a server. Compatible clients MUST expand
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]788<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code> as <code>foo/info/refs</code> and not <code>foo//info/refs</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]789</div>
790</div>
791<div class="sect1">
792<h2 id="_authentication">Authentication</h2>
793<div class="sectionbody">
794<div class="paragraph"><p>Standard HTTP authentication is used if authentication is required
795to access a repository, and MAY be configured and enforced by the
796HTTP server software.</p></div>
797<div class="paragraph"><p>Because Git repositories are accessed by standard path components
798server administrators MAY use directory based permissions within
799their HTTP server to control repository access.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano38d02532014-06-26 21:48:50[diff] [blame]800<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients SHOULD support Basic authentication as described by RFC 2617.
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]801Servers SHOULD support Basic authentication by relying upon the
802HTTP server placed in front of the Git server software.</p></div>
803<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD NOT require HTTP cookies for the purposes of
804authentication or access control.</p></div>
805<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients and servers MAY support other common forms of HTTP based
806authentication, such as Digest authentication.</p></div>
807</div>
808</div>
809<div class="sect1">
810<h2 id="_ssl">SSL</h2>
811<div class="sectionbody">
812<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients and servers SHOULD support SSL, particularly to protect
813passwords when relying on Basic HTTP authentication.</p></div>
814</div>
815</div>
816<div class="sect1">
817<h2 id="_session_state">Session State</h2>
818<div class="sectionbody">
819<div class="paragraph"><p>The Git over HTTP protocol (much like HTTP itself) is stateless
820from the perspective of the HTTP server side. All state MUST be
821retained and managed by the client process. This permits simple
822round-robin load-balancing on the server side, without needing to
823worry about state management.</p></div>
824<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT require state management on the server side in
825order to function correctly.</p></div>
826<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MUST NOT require HTTP cookies in order to function correctly.
827Clients MAY store and forward HTTP cookies during request processing
828as described by RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1). Servers SHOULD ignore any
829cookies sent by a client.</p></div>
830</div>
831</div>
832<div class="sect1">
833<h2 id="_general_request_processing">General Request Processing</h2>
834<div class="sectionbody">
835<div class="paragraph"><p>Except where noted, all standard HTTP behavior SHOULD be assumed
836by both client and server. This includes (but is not necessarily
837limited to):</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]838<div class="paragraph"><p>If there is no repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, or the resource pointed to by a
839location matching <code>$GIT_URL</code> does not exist, the server MUST NOT respond
840with <code>200 OK</code> response. A server SHOULD respond with
841<code>404 Not Found</code>, <code>410 Gone</code>, or any other suitable HTTP status code
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]842which does not imply the resource exists as requested.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]843<div class="paragraph"><p>If there is a repository at <code>$GIT_URL</code>, but access is not currently
844permitted, the server MUST respond with the <code>403 Forbidden</code> HTTP
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]845status code.</p></div>
846<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
847Servers SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
848bodies.</p></div>
849<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients SHOULD support both HTTP 1.0 and HTTP 1.1.
850Clients SHOULD support chunked encoding for both request and response
851bodies.</p></div>
852<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MAY return ETag and/or Last-Modified headers.</p></div>
853<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MAY revalidate cached entities by including If-Modified-Since
854and/or If-None-Match request headers.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]855<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MAY return <code>304 Not Modified</code> if the relevant headers appear
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]856in the request and the entity has not changed. Clients MUST treat
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]857<code>304 Not Modified</code> identical to <code>200 OK</code> by reusing the cached entity.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]858<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MAY reuse a cached entity without revalidation if the
859Cache-Control and/or Expires header permits caching. Clients and
860servers MUST follow RFC 2616 for cache controls.</p></div>
861</div>
862</div>
863<div class="sect1">
864<h2 id="_discovering_references">Discovering References</h2>
865<div class="sectionbody">
866<div class="paragraph"><p>All HTTP clients MUST begin either a fetch or a push exchange by
867discovering the references available on the remote repository.</p></div>
868<div class="sect2">
869<h3 id="_dumb_clients">Dumb Clients</h3>
870<div class="paragraph"><p>HTTP clients that only support the "dumb" protocol MUST discover
871references by making a request for the special info/refs file of
872the repository.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]873<div class="paragraph"><p>Dumb HTTP clients MUST make a <code>GET</code> request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>,
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]874without any search/query parameters.</p></div>
875<div class="literalblock">
876<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]877<pre><code>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs HTTP/1.0</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]878</div></div>
879<div class="literalblock">
880<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]881<pre><code>S: 200 OK
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]882S:
883S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint
884S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master
885S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]886S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]887</div></div>
888<div class="paragraph"><p>The Content-Type of the returned info/refs entity SHOULD be
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]889<code>text/plain; charset=utf-8</code>, but MAY be any content type.
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]890Clients MUST NOT attempt to validate the returned Content-Type.
891Dumb servers MUST NOT return a return type starting with
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]892<code>application/x-git-</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]893<div class="paragraph"><p>Cache-Control headers MAY be returned to disable caching of the
894returned entity.</p></div>
895<div class="paragraph"><p>When examining the response clients SHOULD only examine the HTTP
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]896status code. Valid responses are <code>200 OK</code>, or <code>304 Not Modified</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]897<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned content is a UNIX formatted text file describing
898each ref and its known value. The file SHOULD be sorted by name
899according to the C locale ordering. The file SHOULD NOT include
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]900the default ref named <code>HEAD</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]901<div class="literalblock">
902<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]903<pre><code>info_refs = *( ref_record )
904ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]905</div></div>
906<div class="literalblock">
907<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]908<pre><code>any_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]909peeled_ref = obj-id HTAB refname LF
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]910 obj-id HTAB refname "^{}" LF</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]911</div></div>
912</div>
913<div class="sect2">
914<h3 id="_smart_clients">Smart Clients</h3>
915<div class="paragraph"><p>HTTP clients that support the "smart" protocol (or both the
916"smart" and "dumb" protocols) MUST discover references by making
917a parameterized request for the info/refs file of the repository.</p></div>
918<div class="paragraph"><p>The request MUST contain exactly one query parameter,
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]919<code>service=$servicename</code>, where <code>$servicename</code> MUST be the service
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]920name the client wishes to contact to complete the operation.
921The request MUST NOT contain additional query parameters.</p></div>
922<div class="literalblock">
923<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]924<pre><code>C: GET $GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]925</div></div>
926<div class="paragraph"><p>dumb server reply:</p></div>
927<div class="literalblock">
928<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]929<pre><code>S: 200 OK
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]930S:
931S: 95dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint
932S: d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master
933S: 2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]934S: a3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]935</div></div>
936<div class="paragraph"><p>smart server reply:</p></div>
937<div class="literalblock">
938<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]939<pre><code>S: 200 OK
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]940S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-advertisement
941S: Cache-Control: no-cache
942S:
943S: 001e# service=git-upload-pack\n
Junio C Hamano45badf02018-03-14 21:56:41[diff] [blame]944S: 0000
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]945S: 004895dcfa3633004da0049d3d0fa03f80589cbcaf31 refs/heads/maint\0multi_ack\n
946S: 0042d049f6c27a2244e12041955e262a404c7faba355 refs/heads/master\n
947S: 003c2cb58b79488a98d2721cea644875a8dd0026b115 refs/tags/v1.0\n
Junio C Hamano45badf02018-03-14 21:56:41[diff] [blame]948S: 003fa3c2e2402b99163d1d59756e5f207ae21cccba4c refs/tags/v1.0^{}\n
949S: 0000</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]950</div></div>
Junio C Hamano912712b2017-12-06 18:04:01[diff] [blame]951<div class="paragraph"><p>The client may send Extra Parameters (see
952Documentation/technical/pack-protocol.txt) as a colon-separated string
953in the Git-Protocol HTTP header.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]954<div class="sect3">
955<h4 id="_dumb_server_response">Dumb Server Response</h4>
956<div class="paragraph"><p>Dumb servers MUST respond with the dumb server reply format.</p></div>
957<div class="paragraph"><p>See the prior section under dumb clients for a more detailed
958description of the dumb server response.</p></div>
959</div>
960<div class="sect3">
961<h4 id="_smart_server_response">Smart Server Response</h4>
962<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server does not recognize the requested service name, or the
963requested service name has been disabled by the server administrator,
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]964the server MUST respond with the <code>403 Forbidden</code> HTTP status code.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]965<div class="paragraph"><p>Otherwise, smart servers MUST respond with the smart server reply
966format for the requested service name.</p></div>
967<div class="paragraph"><p>Cache-Control headers SHOULD be used to disable caching of the
968returned entity.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]969<div class="paragraph"><p>The Content-Type MUST be <code>application/x-$servicename-advertisement</code>.
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]970Clients SHOULD fall back to the dumb protocol if another content
971type is returned. When falling back to the dumb protocol clients
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]972SHOULD NOT make an additional request to <code>$GIT_URL/info/refs</code>, but
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]973instead SHOULD use the response already in hand. Clients MUST NOT
974continue if they do not support the dumb protocol.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]975<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST validate the status code is either <code>200 OK</code> or
976<code>304 Not Modified</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]977<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST validate the first five bytes of the response entity
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]978matches the regex <code>^[0-9a-f]{4}#</code>. If this test fails, clients
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]979MUST NOT continue.</p></div>
980<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST parse the entire response as a sequence of pkt-line
981records.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]982<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST verify the first pkt-line is <code># service=$servicename</code>.
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]983Servers MUST set $servicename to be the request parameter value.
984Servers SHOULD include an LF at the end of this line.
985Clients MUST ignore an LF at the end of the line.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]986<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers MUST terminate the response with the magic <code>0000</code> end
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]987pkt-line marker.</p></div>
988<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned response is a pkt-line stream describing each ref and
989its known value. The stream SHOULD be sorted by name according to
990the C locale ordering. The stream SHOULD include the default ref
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]991named <code>HEAD</code> as the first ref. The stream MUST include capability
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]992declarations behind a NUL on the first ref.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano912712b2017-12-06 18:04:01[diff] [blame]993<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned response contains "version 1" if "version=1" was sent as an
994Extra Parameter.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]995<div class="literalblock">
996<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]997<pre><code>smart_reply = PKT-LINE("# service=$servicename" LF)
Junio C Hamano45badf02018-03-14 21:56:41[diff] [blame]998 "0000"
Junio C Hamano912712b2017-12-06 18:04:01[diff] [blame]999 *1("version 1")
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1000 ref_list
1001 "0000"
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1002ref_list = empty_list / non_empty_list</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1003</div></div>
1004<div class="literalblock">
1005<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1006<pre><code>empty_list = PKT-LINE(zero-id SP "capabilities^{}" NUL cap-list LF)</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1007</div></div>
1008<div class="literalblock">
1009<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1010<pre><code>non_empty_list = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name NUL cap_list LF)
1011 *ref_record</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1012</div></div>
1013<div class="literalblock">
1014<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1015<pre><code>cap-list = capability *(SP capability)
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1016capability = 1*(LC_ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "_")
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1017LC_ALPHA = %x61-7A</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1018</div></div>
1019<div class="literalblock">
1020<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1021<pre><code>ref_record = any_ref / peeled_ref
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1022any_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
1023peeled_ref = PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name LF)
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1024 PKT-LINE(obj-id SP name "^{}" LF</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1025</div></div>
1026</div>
1027</div>
1028</div>
1029</div>
1030<div class="sect1">
1031<h2 id="_smart_service_git_upload_pack">Smart Service git-upload-pack</h2>
1032<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1033<div class="paragraph"><p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1034<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1035<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1036<div class="literalblock">
1037<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1038<pre><code>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-upload-pack HTTP/1.0
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1039C: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-request
1040C:
1041C: 0032want 0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7\n
1042C: 0032have 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993\n
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1043C: 0000</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1044</div></div>
1045<div class="literalblock">
1046<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1047<pre><code>S: 200 OK
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1048S: Content-Type: application/x-git-upload-pack-result
1049S: Cache-Control: no-cache
1050S:
1051S: ....ACK %s, continue
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1052S: ....NAK</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1053</div></div>
1054<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
1055Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
1056to prevent caching of the response.</p></div>
1057<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p></div>
1058<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST send at least one "want" command in the request body.
1059Clients MUST NOT reference an id in a "want" command which did not
1060appear in the response obtained through ref discovery unless the
Junio C Hamano85f1fde2015-06-01 20:37:32[diff] [blame]1061server advertises capability <code>allow-tip-sha1-in-want</code> or
1062<code>allow-reachable-sha1-in-want</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1063<div class="literalblock">
1064<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1065<pre><code>compute_request = want_list
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1066 have_list
1067 request_end
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1068request_end = "0000" / "done"</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1069</div></div>
1070<div class="literalblock">
1071<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanobfd91f42018-08-17 22:21:16[diff] [blame]1072<pre><code>want_list = PKT-LINE(want SP cap_list LF)
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1073 *(want_pkt)
1074want_pkt = PKT-LINE(want LF)
1075want = "want" SP id
Junio C Hamanobfd91f42018-08-17 22:21:16[diff] [blame]1076cap_list = capability *(SP capability)</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1077</div></div>
1078<div class="literalblock">
1079<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1080<pre><code>have_list = *PKT-LINE("have" SP id LF)</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1081</div></div>
1082<div class="paragraph"><p>TODO: Document this further.</p></div>
1083<div class="sect2">
1084<h3 id="_the_negotiation_algorithm">The Negotiation Algorithm</h3>
1085<div class="paragraph"><p>The computation to select the minimal pack proceeds as follows
1086(C = client, S = server):</p></div>
1087<div class="paragraph"><p><em>init step:</em></p></div>
1088<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Use ref discovery to obtain the advertised refs.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1089<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Place any object seen into set <code>advertised</code>.</p></div>
1090<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Build an empty set, <code>common</code>, to hold the objects that are later
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1091 determined to be on both ends.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1092<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Build a set, <code>want</code>, of the objects from <code>advertised</code> the client
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1093 wants to fetch, based on what it saw during ref discovery.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1094<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Start a queue, <code>c_pending</code>, ordered by commit time (popping newest
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1095 first). Add all client refs. When a commit is popped from
1096 the queue its parents SHOULD be automatically inserted back.
1097 Commits MUST only enter the queue once.</p></div>
1098<div class="paragraph"><p><em>one compute step:</em></p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1099<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Send one <code>$GIT_URL/git-upload-pack</code> request:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1100<div class="literalblock">
1101<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1102<pre><code>C: 0032want &lt;want #1&gt;...............................
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1103C: 0032want &lt;want #2&gt;...............................
1104....
1105C: 0032have &lt;common #1&gt;.............................
1106C: 0032have &lt;common #2&gt;.............................
1107....
1108C: 0032have &lt;have #1&gt;...............................
1109C: 0032have &lt;have #2&gt;...............................
1110....
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1111C: 0000</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1112</div></div>
1113<div class="paragraph"><p>The stream is organized into "commands", with each command
Junio C Hamanoe1aeb5e2014-06-06 19:16:29[diff] [blame]1114appearing by itself in a pkt-line. Within a command line,
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1115the text leading up to the first space is the command name,
1116and the remainder of the line to the first LF is the value.
1117Command lines are terminated with an LF as the last byte of
1118the pkt-line value.</p></div>
1119<div class="paragraph"><p>Commands MUST appear in the following order, if they appear
1120at all in the request stream:</p></div>
1121<div class="ulist"><ul>
1122<li>
1123<p>
1124"want"
1125</p>
1126</li>
1127<li>
1128<p>
1129"have"
1130</p>
1131</li>
1132</ul></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1133<div class="paragraph"><p>The stream is terminated by a pkt-line flush (<code>0000</code>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1134<div class="paragraph"><p>A single "want" or "have" command MUST have one hex formatted
1135SHA-1 as its value. Multiple SHA-1s MUST be sent by sending
1136multiple commands.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1137<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>have</code> list is created by popping the first 32 commits
1138from <code>c_pending</code>. Less can be supplied if <code>c_pending</code> empties.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1139<div class="paragraph"><p>If the client has sent 256 "have" commits and has not yet
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1140received one of those back from <code>s_common</code>, or the client has
1141emptied <code>c_pending</code> it SHOULD include a "done" command to let
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1142the server know it won&#8217;t proceed:</p></div>
1143<div class="literalblock">
1144<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1145<pre><code>C: 0009done</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1146</div></div>
1147<div class="paragraph"><p>S: Parse the git-upload-pack request:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1148<div class="paragraph"><p>Verify all objects in <code>want</code> are directly reachable from refs.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1149<div class="paragraph"><p>The server MAY walk backwards through history or through
1150the reflog to permit slightly stale requests.</p></div>
1151<div class="paragraph"><p>If no "want" objects are received, send an error:
1152TODO: Define error if no "want" lines are requested.</p></div>
1153<div class="paragraph"><p>If any "want" object is not reachable, send an error:
1154TODO: Define error if an invalid "want" is requested.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1155<div class="paragraph"><p>Create an empty list, <code>s_common</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1156<div class="paragraph"><p>If "have" was sent:</p></div>
1157<div class="paragraph"><p>Loop through the objects in the order supplied by the client.</p></div>
1158<div class="paragraph"><p>For each object, if the server has the object reachable from
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1159a ref, add it to <code>s_common</code>. If a commit is added to <code>s_common</code>,
1160do not add any ancestors, even if they also appear in <code>have</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1161<div class="paragraph"><p>S: Send the git-upload-pack response:</p></div>
1162<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server has found a closed set of objects to pack or the
1163request ends with "done", it replies with the pack.
1164TODO: Document the pack based response</p></div>
1165<div class="literalblock">
1166<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1167<pre><code>S: PACK...</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1168</div></div>
1169<div class="paragraph"><p>The returned stream is the side-band-64k protocol supported
1170by the git-upload-pack service, and the pack is embedded into
1171stream 1. Progress messages from the server side MAY appear
1172in stream 2.</p></div>
1173<div class="paragraph"><p>Here a "closed set of objects" is defined to have at least
1174one path from every "want" to at least one "common" object.</p></div>
1175<div class="paragraph"><p>If the server needs more information, it replies with a
1176status continue response:
1177TODO: Document the non-pack response</p></div>
1178<div class="paragraph"><p>C: Parse the upload-pack response:
1179 TODO: Document parsing response</p></div>
1180<div class="paragraph"><p><em>Do another compute step.</em></p></div>
1181</div>
1182</div>
1183</div>
1184<div class="sect1">
1185<h2 id="_smart_service_git_receive_pack">Smart Service git-receive-pack</h2>
1186<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1187<div class="paragraph"><p>This service reads from the repository pointed to by <code>$GIT_URL</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1188<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST first perform ref discovery with
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1189<code>$GIT_URL/info/refs?service=git-receive-pack</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1190<div class="literalblock">
1191<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1192<pre><code>C: POST $GIT_URL/git-receive-pack HTTP/1.0
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1193C: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-request
1194C:
1195C: ....0a53e9ddeaddad63ad106860237bbf53411d11a7 441b40d833fdfa93eb2908e52742248faf0ee993 refs/heads/maint\0 report-status
1196C: 0000
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1197C: PACK....</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1198</div></div>
1199<div class="literalblock">
1200<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1201<pre><code>S: 200 OK
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1202S: Content-Type: application/x-git-receive-pack-result
1203S: Cache-Control: no-cache
1204S:
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1205S: ....</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1206</div></div>
1207<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST NOT reuse or revalidate a cached response.
1208Servers MUST include sufficient Cache-Control headers
1209to prevent caching of the response.</p></div>
1210<div class="paragraph"><p>Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined here.</p></div>
1211<div class="paragraph"><p>Clients MUST send at least one command in the request body.
1212Within the command portion of the request body clients SHOULD send
1213the id obtained through ref discovery as old_id.</p></div>
1214<div class="literalblock">
1215<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1216<pre><code>update_request = command_list
1217 "PACK" &lt;binary data&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1218</div></div>
1219<div class="literalblock">
1220<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1221<pre><code>command_list = PKT-LINE(command NUL cap_list LF)
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1222 *(command_pkt)
1223command_pkt = PKT-LINE(command LF)
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1224cap_list = *(SP capability) SP</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1225</div></div>
1226<div class="literalblock">
1227<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1228<pre><code>command = create / delete / update
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1229create = zero-id SP new_id SP name
1230delete = old_id SP zero-id SP name
Junio C Hamanoc14e6ad2014-10-31 20:25:53[diff] [blame]1231update = old_id SP new_id SP name</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1232</div></div>
1233<div class="paragraph"><p>TODO: Document this further.</p></div>
1234</div>
1235</div>
1236<div class="sect1">
1237<h2 id="_references">References</h2>
1238<div class="sectionbody">
1239<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1738.txt">RFC 1738: Uniform Resource Locators (URL)</a>
1240<a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616: Hypertext Transfer Protocol&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;HTTP/1.1</a>
1241link:technical/pack-protocol.html
1242link:technical/protocol-capabilities.html</p></div>
1243</div>
1244</div>
1245</div>
1246<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1247<div id="footer">
1248<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamano2ef0ba32018-01-26 23:13:53[diff] [blame]1249Last updated
Junio C Hamanocf731002019-01-29 21:19:52[diff] [blame^]1250 2018-08-17 15:20:20 PDT
Junio C Hamanoc5bd79e2014-01-27 21:31:26[diff] [blame]1251</div>
1252</div>
1253</body>
1254</html>