| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
| 2 | <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> |
| 3 | <head> |
| 4 | <meta charset="UTF-8"/> |
| 5 | <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/> |
| 6 | <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> |
| Junio C Hamano | d6a33e4 | 2025-02-18 23:45:11 | [diff] [blame] | 7 | <meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 8 | <title>git-commit(1)</title> |
| 9 | <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/> |
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| 105 | table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7} |
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| 117 | pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed} |
| 118 | pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit} |
| 119 | pre>code{display:block} |
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| 121 | em em{font-style:normal} |
| 122 | strong strong{font-weight:400} |
| 123 | .keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)} |
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| 126 | .keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0} |
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| 131 | .menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em} |
| 132 | b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400} |
| 133 | b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px} |
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| 135 | p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} |
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| 137 | #header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table} |
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| 139 | #content{margin-top:1.25em} |
| 140 | #content::before{content:none} |
| 141 | #header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0} |
| 142 | #header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf} |
| Junio C Hamano | d6a33e4 | 2025-02-18 23:45:11 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | #header>h1:only-child{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px} |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | #header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap} |
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| 149 | #header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)} |
| 150 | #header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"} |
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| 152 | #header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"} |
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| 154 | #toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em} |
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| 163 | @media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em} |
| 164 | body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0} |
| Junio C Hamano | d6a33e4 | 2025-02-18 23:45:11 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px} |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | #toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto} |
| 167 | #toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em} |
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| 171 | body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em} |
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| 178 | body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}} |
| 179 | #content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px} |
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| 181 | #content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| 182 | #footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em} |
| 183 | #footer-text{color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);line-height:1.44} |
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| 186 | @media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em} |
| 187 | .sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}} |
| 188 | .sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0} |
| 189 | .sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9} |
| 190 | #content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400} |
| 191 | #content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em} |
| 192 | #content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible} |
| 193 | #content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none} |
| 194 | #content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221} |
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| 206 | .admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px} |
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| 208 | .admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase} |
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| 211 | .exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px} |
| 212 | .sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px} |
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| 215 | .exampleblock>.content>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0} |
| 216 | .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{border-radius:4px;overflow-x:auto;padding:1em;font-size:.8125em} |
| 217 | @media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}} |
| 218 | @media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}} |
| 219 | .literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre:not(.highlight),.listingblock>.content>pre[class=highlight],.listingblock>.content>pre[class^="highlight "]{background:#f7f7f8} |
| 220 | .literalblock.output pre{color:#f7f7f8;background:rgba(0,0,0,.9)} |
| 221 | .listingblock>.content{position:relative} |
| 222 | .listingblock code[data-lang]::before{display:none;content:attr(data-lang);position:absolute;font-size:.75em;top:.425rem;right:.5rem;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase;color:inherit;opacity:.5} |
| 223 | .listingblock:hover code[data-lang]::before{display:block} |
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| 227 | .listingblock pre.highlightjs>code{padding:1em;border-radius:4px} |
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| 229 | .prettyprint{background:#f7f7f8} |
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| 231 | pre.prettyprint li{background:none;list-style-type:inherit;padding-left:0} |
| 232 | pre.prettyprint li code[data-lang]::before{opacity:1} |
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| Junio C Hamano | d6a33e4 | 2025-02-18 23:45:11 | [diff] [blame] | 331 | sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active,#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type:active{text-decoration:underline} |
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| 441 | </head> |
| 442 | <body class="manpage"> |
| 443 | <div id="header"> |
| 444 | <h1>git-commit(1) Manual Page</h1> |
| 445 | <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| 446 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 447 | <p>git-commit - Record changes to the repository</p> |
| 448 | </div> |
| 449 | </div> |
| 450 | <div id="content"> |
| 451 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 452 | <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| 453 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 454 | <div class="verseblock"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 455 | <pre class="content"><code>git</code> <code>commit</code> [<code>-a</code> | <code>--interactive</code> | <code>--patch</code>] [<code>-s</code>] [<code>-v</code>] [<code>-u</code>[<em><mode></em>]] [<code>--amend</code>] |
| 456 | [<code>--dry-run</code>] [(<code>-c</code> | <code>-C</code> | <code>--squash</code>) <em><commit></em> | <code>--fixup</code> [(<code>amend</code>|<code>reword</code>)<code>:</code>]<em><commit></em>] |
| 457 | [<code>-F</code> <em><file></em> | <code>-m</code> <em><msg></em>] [<code>--reset-author</code>] [<code>--allow-empty</code>] |
| 458 | [<code>--allow-empty-message</code>] [<code>--no-verify</code>] [<code>-e</code>] [<code>--author=</code><em><author></em>] |
| 459 | [<code>--date=</code><em><date></em>] [<code>--cleanup=</code><em><mode></em>] [<code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>status</code>] |
| 460 | [<code>-i</code> | <code>-o</code>] [<code>--pathspec-from-file=</code><em><file></em> [<code>--pathspec-file-nul</code>]] |
| 461 | [(<code>--trailer</code> <em><token></em>[(<code>=</code>|<code>:</code>)<em><value></em>])…​] [<code>-S</code>[<em><keyid></em>]] |
| 462 | [<code>--</code>] [<em><pathspec></em>…​]</pre> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 463 | </div> |
| 464 | </div> |
| 465 | </div> |
| 466 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 467 | <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| 468 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 469 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 470 | <p>Create a new commit containing the current contents of the index and |
| 471 | the given log message describing the changes. The new commit is a |
| 472 | direct child of HEAD, usually the tip of the current branch, and the |
| 473 | branch is updated to point to it (unless no branch is associated with |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 474 | the working tree, in which case <code>HEAD</code> is "detached" as described in |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 475 | <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>).</p> |
| 476 | </div> |
| 477 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 478 | <p>The content to be committed can be specified in several ways:</p> |
| 479 | </div> |
| 480 | <div class="olist arabic"> |
| 481 | <ol class="arabic"> |
| 482 | <li> |
| 483 | <p>by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to incrementally "add" changes to the |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 484 | index before using the <code>commit</code> command (Note: even modified files |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 485 | must be "added");</p> |
| 486 | </li> |
| 487 | <li> |
| 488 | <p>by using <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a> to remove files from the working tree |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 489 | and the index, again before using the <code>commit</code> command;</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 490 | </li> |
| 491 | <li> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 492 | <p>by listing files as arguments to the <code>commit</code> command |
| 493 | (without <code>--interactive</code> or <code>--patch</code> switch), in which |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 494 | case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead |
| 495 | record the current content of the listed files (which must already |
| 496 | be known to Git);</p> |
| 497 | </li> |
| 498 | <li> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 499 | <p>by using the <code>-a</code> switch with the <code>commit</code> command to automatically |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 500 | "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already |
| 501 | listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index |
| 502 | that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the |
| 503 | actual commit;</p> |
| 504 | </li> |
| 505 | <li> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 506 | <p>by using the <code>--interactive</code> or <code>--patch</code> switches with the <code>commit</code> command |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 507 | to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit |
| 508 | in addition to contents in the index, |
| 509 | before finalizing the operation. See the “Interactive Mode” section of |
| 510 | <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to learn how to operate these modes.</p> |
| 511 | </li> |
| 512 | </ol> |
| 513 | </div> |
| 514 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 515 | <p>The <code>--dry-run</code> option can be used to obtain a |
| 516 | summary of what is included by any of the above for the next |
| 517 | commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).</p> |
| 518 | </div> |
| 519 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 520 | <p>If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 521 | that, you can recover from it with <code>git</code> <code>reset</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 522 | </div> |
| 523 | </div> |
| 524 | </div> |
| 525 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 526 | <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> |
| 527 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 528 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 529 | <dl> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 530 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-a</code></dt> |
| 531 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--all</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 532 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 533 | <p>Automatically stage files that have |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 534 | been modified and deleted, but new files you have not |
| 535 | told Git about are not affected.</p> |
| 536 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 537 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-p</code></dt> |
| 538 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--patch</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 539 | <dd> |
| 540 | <p>Use the interactive patch selection interface to choose |
| 541 | which changes to commit. See <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> for |
| 542 | details.</p> |
| 543 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 1cc68cc | 2025-08-04 16:37:24 | [diff] [blame] | 544 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-U</code><em><n></em></dt> |
| 545 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--unified=</code><em><n></em></dt> |
| 546 | <dd> |
| 547 | <p>Generate diffs with <em><n></em> lines of context. Defaults to <code>diff.context</code> |
| 548 | or 3 if the config option is unset.</p> |
| 549 | </dd> |
| 550 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--inter-hunk-context=</code><em><n></em></dt> |
| 551 | <dd> |
| 552 | <p>Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified <em><number></em> |
| 553 | of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other. |
| 554 | Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option |
| 555 | is unset.</p> |
| 556 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 557 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-C</code> <em><commit></em></dt> |
| 558 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--reuse-message=</code><em><commit></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 559 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 560 | <p>Take an existing <em><commit></em> object, and reuse the log message |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 561 | and the authorship information (including the timestamp) |
| 562 | when creating the commit.</p> |
| 563 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 564 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-c</code> <em><commit></em></dt> |
| 565 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--reedit-message=</code><em><commit></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 566 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 567 | <p>Like <code>-C</code>, but with <code>-c</code> the editor is invoked, so that |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 568 | the user can further edit the commit message.</p> |
| 569 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 570 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--fixup=</code>[(<code>amend</code>|<code>reword</code>)<code>:</code>]<em><commit></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 571 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 572 | <p>Create a new commit which "fixes up" <em><commit></em> when applied with |
| 573 | <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. Plain <code>--fixup=</code><em><commit></em> creates a |
| 574 | "fixup!" commit which changes the content of <em><commit></em> but leaves |
| 575 | its log message untouched. <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> is similar but |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 576 | creates an "amend!" commit which also replaces the log message of |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 577 | <em><commit></em> with the log message of the "amend!" commit. |
| 578 | <code>--fixup=reword:</code><em><commit></em> creates an "amend!" commit which |
| 579 | replaces the log message of <em><commit></em> with its own log message |
| 580 | but makes no changes to the content of <em><commit></em>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 581 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 6c767ae | 2025-02-25 23:24:09 | [diff] [blame] | 582 | <p>The commit created by plain <code>--fixup=</code><em><commit></em> has a title |
| 583 | composed of "fixup!" followed by the title of <em><commit></em>, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 584 | and is recognized specially by <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. The <code>-m</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 585 | option may be used to supplement the log message of the created |
| 586 | commit, but the additional commentary will be thrown away once the |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 587 | "fixup!" commit is squashed into <em><commit></em> by |
| 588 | <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 589 | </div> |
| 590 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 591 | <p>The commit created by <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> is similar but its |
| Junio C Hamano | 6c767ae | 2025-02-25 23:24:09 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | title is instead prefixed with "amend!". The log message of |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 593 | <em><commit></em> is copied into the log message of the "amend!" commit and |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 594 | opened in an editor so it can be refined. When <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> |
| 595 | <code>--autosquash</code> squashes the "amend!" commit into <em><commit></em>, the |
| 596 | log message of <em><commit></em> is replaced by the refined log message |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 597 | from the "amend!" commit. It is an error for the "amend!" commit’s |
| 598 | log message to be empty unless <code>--allow-empty-message</code> is |
| 599 | specified.</p> |
| 600 | </div> |
| 601 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 602 | <p><code>--fixup=reword:</code><em><commit></em> is shorthand for <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 603 | <code>--only</code>. It creates an "amend!" commit with only a log message |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 604 | (ignoring any changes staged in the index). When squashed by <code>git</code> |
| 605 | <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>, it replaces the log message of <em><commit></em> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 606 | without making any other changes.</p> |
| 607 | </div> |
| 608 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 609 | <p>Neither "fixup!" nor "amend!" commits change authorship of |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 610 | <em><commit></em> when applied by <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 611 | See <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 612 | </div> |
| 613 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 614 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--squash=</code><em><commit></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 615 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 616 | <p>Construct a commit message for use with <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | 6c767ae | 2025-02-25 23:24:09 | [diff] [blame] | 617 | The commit message title is taken from the specified |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 618 | commit with a prefix of "squash! ". Can be used with additional |
| 619 | commit message options (<code>-m</code>/<code>-c</code>/<code>-C</code>/<code>-F</code>). See |
| 620 | <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 621 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 622 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--reset-author</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 623 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 624 | <p>When used with <code>-C</code>/<code>-c</code>/<code>--amend</code> options, or when committing after a |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 625 | conflicting cherry-pick, declare that the authorship of the |
| 626 | resulting commit now belongs to the committer. This also renews |
| 627 | the author timestamp.</p> |
| 628 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 629 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--short</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 630 | <dd> |
| 631 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See |
| 632 | <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 633 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 634 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--branch</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 635 | <dd> |
| 636 | <p>Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.</p> |
| 637 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 638 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--porcelain</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 639 | <dd> |
| 640 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready |
| 641 | format. See <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies |
| 642 | <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 643 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 644 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--long</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 645 | <dd> |
| 646 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in the long-format. |
| 647 | Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 648 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 649 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-z</code></dt> |
| 650 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--null</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 651 | <dd> |
| 652 | <p>When showing <code>short</code> or <code>porcelain</code> status output, print the |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 653 | filename verbatim and terminate the entries with <em>NUL</em>, instead of <em>LF</em>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 654 | If no format is given, implies the <code>--porcelain</code> output format. |
| 655 | Without the <code>-z</code> option, filenames with "unusual" characters are |
| 656 | quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> |
| 657 | (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
| 658 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 659 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-F</code> <em><file></em></dt> |
| 660 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--file=</code><em><file></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 661 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 662 | <p>Take the commit message from <em><file></em>. Use <em>-</em> to |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 663 | read the message from the standard input.</p> |
| 664 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 665 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--author=</code><em><author></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 666 | <dd> |
| 667 | <p>Override the commit author. Specify an explicit author using the |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 668 | standard <code>A</code> <code>U</code> <code>Thor</code> <author@example.<code>com</code>> format. Otherwise <em><author></em> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 669 | is assumed to be a pattern and is used to search for an existing |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 670 | commit by that author (i.e. <code>git</code> <code>rev-list</code> <code>--all</code> <code>-i</code> <code>--author=</code><em><author></em>); |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 671 | the commit author is then copied from the first such commit found.</p> |
| 672 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 673 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--date=</code><em><date></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 674 | <dd> |
| 675 | <p>Override the author date used in the commit.</p> |
| 676 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 677 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-m</code> <em><msg></em></dt> |
| 678 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--message=</code><em><msg></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 679 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 680 | <p>Use <em><msg></em> as the commit message. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 681 | If multiple <code>-m</code> options are given, their values are |
| 682 | concatenated as separate paragraphs.</p> |
| 683 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 684 | <p>The <code>-m</code> option is mutually exclusive with <code>-c</code>, <code>-C</code>, and <code>-F</code>.</p> |
| 685 | </div> |
| 686 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 687 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-t</code> <em><file></em></dt> |
| 688 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--template=</code><em><file></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 689 | <dd> |
| 690 | <p>When editing the commit message, start the editor with the |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 691 | contents in <em><file></em>. The <code>commit.template</code> configuration |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 692 | variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the |
| 693 | command. This mechanism can be used by projects that want to |
| 694 | guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message |
| 695 | in what order. If the user exits the editor without editing the |
| 696 | message, the commit is aborted. This has no effect when a message |
| 697 | is given by other means, e.g. with the <code>-m</code> or <code>-F</code> options.</p> |
| 698 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 699 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-s</code></dt> |
| 700 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--signoff</code></dt> |
| 701 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-signoff</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 702 | <dd> |
| 703 | <p>Add a <code>Signed-off-by</code> trailer by the committer at the end of the commit |
| 704 | log message. The meaning of a signoff depends on the project |
| 705 | to which you’re committing. For example, it may certify that |
| 706 | the committer has the rights to submit the work under the |
| 707 | project’s license or agrees to some contributor representation, |
| 708 | such as a Developer Certificate of Origin. |
| 709 | (See <a href="https://developercertificate.org" class="bare">https://developercertificate.org</a> for the one used by the |
| 710 | Linux kernel and Git projects.) Consult the documentation or |
| 711 | leadership of the project to which you’re contributing to |
| 712 | understand how the signoffs are used in that project.</p> |
| 713 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 714 | <p>The <code>--no-signoff</code> option can be used to countermand an earlier <code>--signoff</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 715 | option on the command line.</p> |
| 716 | </div> |
| 717 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 718 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--trailer</code> <em><token></em>[(<code>=</code>|<code>:</code>)<em><value></em>]</dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 719 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 720 | <p>Specify a (<em><token></em>, <em><value></em>) pair that should be applied as a |
| Junio C Hamano | e03f599 | 2025-04-23 22:24:29 | [diff] [blame] | 721 | trailer. (e.g. <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>--trailer</code> "Signed-off-by:C <code>O</code> <code>Mitter</code> <code>\</code> |
| 722 | <committer@example.<code>com</code>>" <code>--trailer</code> "Helped-by:C <code>O</code> <code>Mitter</code> <code>\</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 723 | <committer@example.<code>com</code>>" will add the <code>Signed-off-by</code> trailer |
| 724 | and the <code>Helped-by</code> trailer to the commit message.) |
| Junio C Hamano | e03f599 | 2025-04-23 22:24:29 | [diff] [blame] | 725 | The <code>trailer.*</code> configuration variables |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 726 | (<a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>) can be used to define if |
| 727 | a duplicated trailer is omitted, where in the run of trailers |
| 728 | each trailer would appear, and other details.</p> |
| 729 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 730 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-n</code></dt> |
| 731 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>verify</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 732 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 733 | <p>Bypass the <code>pre-commit</code> and <code>commit-msg</code> hooks. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 734 | See also <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.</p> |
| 735 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 736 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--allow-empty</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 737 | <dd> |
| 738 | <p>Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its |
| 739 | sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you |
| 740 | from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and |
| 741 | is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts.</p> |
| 742 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 743 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--allow-empty-message</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 744 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 745 | <p>Create a commit with an empty commit message without using plumbing |
| 746 | commands like <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>. Like <code>--allow-empty</code>, this |
| 747 | command is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 748 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 749 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--cleanup=</code><em><mode></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 750 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 751 | <p>Determine how the supplied commit message should be |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 752 | cleaned up before committing. The <em><mode></em> can be <code>strip</code>, |
| 753 | <code>whitespace</code>, <code>verbatim</code>, <code>scissors</code> or <code>default</code>.</p> |
| 754 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 755 | <div class="content"> |
| 756 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 757 | <dl> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 758 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>strip</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 759 | <dd> |
| 760 | <p>Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, |
| 761 | commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.</p> |
| 762 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 763 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>whitespace</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 764 | <dd> |
| 765 | <p>Same as <code>strip</code> except #commentary is not removed.</p> |
| 766 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 767 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>verbatim</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 768 | <dd> |
| 769 | <p>Do not change the message at all.</p> |
| 770 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 771 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>scissors</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 772 | <dd> |
| 773 | <p>Same as <code>whitespace</code> except that everything from (and including) |
| 774 | the line found below is truncated, if the message is to be edited. |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 775 | "#" can be customized with <code>core.commentChar</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 776 | <div class="literalblock"> |
| 777 | <div class="content"> |
| 778 | <pre># ------------------------ >8 ------------------------</pre> |
| 779 | </div> |
| 780 | </div> |
| 781 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 782 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 783 | <dd> |
| 784 | <p>Same as <code>strip</code> if the message is to be edited. |
| 785 | Otherwise <code>whitespace</code>.</p> |
| 786 | </dd> |
| 787 | </dl> |
| 788 | </div> |
| 789 | </div> |
| 790 | </div> |
| 791 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 792 | <p>The default can be changed by the <code>commit.cleanup</code> configuration |
| 793 | variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
| 794 | </div> |
| 795 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 796 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-e</code></dt> |
| 797 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--edit</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 798 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 799 | <p>Let the user further edit the message taken from <em><file></em> |
| 800 | with <code>-F</code> <em><file></em>, command line with <code>-m</code> <em><message></em>, and |
| 801 | from <em><commit></em> with <code>-C</code> <em><commit></em>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 802 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 803 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-edit</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 804 | <dd> |
| 805 | <p>Use the selected commit message without launching an editor. |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 806 | For example, <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>--amend</code> <code>--no-edit</code> amends a commit |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 807 | without changing its commit message.</p> |
| 808 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 809 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--amend</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 810 | <dd> |
| 811 | <p>Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new |
| 812 | commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including |
| 813 | the effect of the <code>-i</code> and <code>-o</code> options and explicit |
| 814 | pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used |
| 815 | as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no |
| 816 | other message is specified from the command line via options |
| 817 | such as <code>-m</code>, <code>-F</code>, <code>-c</code>, etc. The new commit has the same |
| 818 | parents and author as the current one (the <code>--reset-author</code> |
| 819 | option can countermand this).</p> |
| 820 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 821 | <div class="content"> |
| 822 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 823 | <p>It is a rough equivalent for:</p> |
| 824 | </div> |
| 825 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 826 | <div class="content"> |
| 827 | <pre> $ git reset --soft HEAD^ |
| 828 | $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... |
| 829 | $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD</pre> |
| 830 | </div> |
| 831 | </div> |
| 832 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 833 | <p>but can be used to amend a merge commit.</p> |
| 834 | </div> |
| 835 | </div> |
| 836 | </div> |
| 837 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 838 | <p>You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you |
| 839 | amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING |
| 840 | FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>.)</p> |
| 841 | </div> |
| 842 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 843 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-post-rewrite</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 844 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 845 | <p>Bypass the <code>post-rewrite</code> hook.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 846 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 847 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-i</code></dt> |
| 848 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--include</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 849 | <dd> |
| 850 | <p>Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, |
| 851 | stage the contents of paths given on the command line |
| 852 | as well. This is usually not what you want unless you |
| 853 | are concluding a conflicted merge.</p> |
| 854 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 855 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-o</code></dt> |
| 856 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--only</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 857 | <dd> |
| 858 | <p>Make a commit by taking the updated working tree contents |
| 859 | of the paths specified on the |
| 860 | command line, disregarding any contents that have been |
| 861 | staged for other paths. This is the default mode of operation of |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 862 | <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> if any paths are given on the command line, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 863 | in which case this option can be omitted. |
| 864 | If this option is specified together with <code>--amend</code>, then |
| 865 | no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend |
| 866 | the last commit without committing changes that have |
| 867 | already been staged. If used together with <code>--allow-empty</code> |
| 868 | paths are also not required, and an empty commit will be created.</p> |
| 869 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 870 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--pathspec-from-file=</code><em><file></em></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 871 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 872 | <p>Pass pathspec in <em><file></em> instead of commandline args. If |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 873 | <em><file></em> is exactly <code>-</code> then standard input is used. Pathspec |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 874 | elements are separated by <em>LF</em> or <em>CR</em>/<em>LF</em>. Pathspec elements can be |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 875 | quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> |
| 876 | (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). See also <code>--pathspec-file-nul</code> and |
| 877 | global <code>--literal-pathspecs</code>.</p> |
| 878 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 879 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--pathspec-file-nul</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 880 | <dd> |
| 881 | <p>Only meaningful with <code>--pathspec-from-file</code>. Pathspec elements are |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 882 | separated with <em>NUL</em> character and all other characters are taken |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 883 | literally (including newlines and quotes).</p> |
| 884 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 885 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-u</code>[<em><mode></em>]</dt> |
| 886 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--untracked-files</code>[<code>=</code><em><mode></em>]</dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 887 | <dd> |
| 888 | <p>Show untracked files.</p> |
| 889 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 890 | <div class="content"> |
| 891 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 892 | <p>The <em><mode></em> parameter is optional (defaults to <code>all</code>), and is used to |
| 893 | specify the handling of untracked files; when <code>-u</code> is not used, the |
| 894 | default is <code>normal</code>, i.e. show untracked files and directories.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 895 | </div> |
| 896 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 897 | <p>The possible options are:</p> |
| 898 | </div> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 899 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 900 | <dl> |
| 901 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>no</code></dt> |
| 902 | <dd> |
| 903 | <p>Show no untracked files</p> |
| 904 | </dd> |
| 905 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>normal</code></dt> |
| 906 | <dd> |
| 907 | <p>Shows untracked files and directories</p> |
| 908 | </dd> |
| 909 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>all</code></dt> |
| 910 | <dd> |
| 911 | <p>Also shows individual files in untracked directories.</p> |
| 912 | </dd> |
| 913 | </dl> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 914 | </div> |
| 915 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 916 | <p>All usual spellings for Boolean value <code>true</code> are taken as <code>normal</code> |
| 917 | and <code>false</code> as <code>no</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 918 | The default can be changed using the <code>status.showUntrackedFiles</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 919 | configuration variable documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 920 | </div> |
| 921 | </div> |
| 922 | </div> |
| 923 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 924 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-v</code></dt> |
| 925 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--verbose</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 926 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 927 | <p>Show unified diff between the <code>HEAD</code> commit and what |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 928 | would be committed at the bottom of the commit message |
| 929 | template to help the user describe the commit by reminding |
| 930 | what changes the commit has. |
| 931 | Note that this diff output doesn’t have its |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 932 | lines prefixed with #. This diff will not be a part |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 933 | of the commit message. See the <code>commit.verbose</code> configuration |
| 934 | variable in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 935 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 936 | <p>If specified twice, show in addition the unified diff between |
| 937 | what would be committed and the worktree files, i.e. the unstaged |
| 938 | changes to tracked files.</p> |
| 939 | </div> |
| 940 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 941 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-q</code></dt> |
| 942 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--quiet</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 943 | <dd> |
| 944 | <p>Suppress commit summary message.</p> |
| 945 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 946 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--dry-run</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 947 | <dd> |
| 948 | <p>Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are |
| 949 | to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left |
| 950 | uncommitted and paths that are untracked.</p> |
| 951 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 952 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--status</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 953 | <dd> |
| 954 | <p>Include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the commit |
| 955 | message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
| 956 | message. Defaults to on, but can be used to override |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 957 | configuration variable <code>commit.status</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 958 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 959 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-status</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 960 | <dd> |
| 961 | <p>Do not include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the |
| 962 | commit message template when using an editor to prepare the |
| 963 | default commit message.</p> |
| 964 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 965 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>-S</code>[<em><key-id></em>]</dt> |
| 966 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--gpg-sign</code>[<code>=</code><em><key-id></em>]</dt> |
| 967 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-gpg-sign</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 968 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 969 | <p>GPG-sign commits. The <em><key-id></em> is optional and |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 970 | defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be |
| 971 | stuck to the option without a space. <code>--no-gpg-sign</code> is useful to |
| 972 | countermand both <code>commit.gpgSign</code> configuration variable, and |
| 973 | earlier <code>--gpg-sign</code>.</p> |
| 974 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 975 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>--</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 976 | <dd> |
| 977 | <p>Do not interpret any more arguments as options.</p> |
| 978 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 979 | <dt class="hdlist1"><em><pathspec></em>...</dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 980 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 981 | <p>When <em><pathspec></em> is given on the command line, commit the contents of |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 982 | the files that match the pathspec without recording the changes |
| 983 | already added to the index. The contents of these files are also |
| 984 | staged for the next commit on top of what have been staged before.</p> |
| 985 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 986 | <p>For more details, see the <em>pathspec</em> entry in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p> |
| 987 | </div> |
| 988 | </dd> |
| 989 | </dl> |
| 990 | </div> |
| 991 | </div> |
| 992 | </div> |
| 993 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 994 | <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2> |
| 995 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 996 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 997 | <p>When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in |
| 998 | your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 999 | called the "index" with <code>git</code> <code>add</code>. A file can be |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1000 | reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1001 | to that of the last commit with <code>git</code> <code>restore</code> <code>--staged</code> <em><file></em>, |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1002 | which effectively reverts <code>git</code> <code>add</code> and prevents the changes to |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1003 | this file from participating in the next commit. After building |
| 1004 | the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1005 | <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1006 | has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the |
| 1007 | command. An example:</p> |
| 1008 | </div> |
| 1009 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1010 | <div class="content"> |
| 1011 | <pre>$ edit hello.c |
| 1012 | $ git rm goodbye.c |
| 1013 | $ git add hello.c |
| 1014 | $ git commit</pre> |
| 1015 | </div> |
| 1016 | </div> |
| 1017 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1018 | <p>Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1019 | tell <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> to notice the changes to the files whose |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1020 | contents are tracked in |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1021 | your working tree and do corresponding <code>git</code> <code>add</code> and <code>git</code> <code>rm</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1022 | for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier |
| 1023 | example if there is no other change in your working tree:</p> |
| 1024 | </div> |
| 1025 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1026 | <div class="content"> |
| 1027 | <pre>$ edit hello.c |
| 1028 | $ rm goodbye.c |
| 1029 | $ git commit -a</pre> |
| 1030 | </div> |
| 1031 | </div> |
| 1032 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1033 | <p>The command <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>-a</code> first looks at your working tree, |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1034 | notices that you have modified <code>hello.c</code> and removed <code>goodbye.c</code>, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1035 | and performs necessary <code>git</code> <code>add</code> and <code>git</code> <code>rm</code> for you.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1036 | </div> |
| 1037 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1038 | <p>After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1039 | changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1040 | When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that |
| 1041 | only records the changes made to the named paths:</p> |
| 1042 | </div> |
| 1043 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1044 | <div class="content"> |
| 1045 | <pre>$ edit hello.c hello.h |
| 1046 | $ git add hello.c hello.h |
| 1047 | $ edit Makefile |
| 1048 | $ git commit Makefile</pre> |
| 1049 | </div> |
| 1050 | </div> |
| 1051 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1052 | <p>This makes a commit that records the modification to <code>Makefile</code>. |
| 1053 | The changes staged for <code>hello.c</code> and <code>hello.h</code> are not included |
| 1054 | in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost — they are still staged and merely held back. After the above |
| 1055 | sequence, if you do:</p> |
| 1056 | </div> |
| 1057 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1058 | <div class="content"> |
| 1059 | <pre>$ git commit</pre> |
| 1060 | </div> |
| 1061 | </div> |
| 1062 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1063 | <p>this second commit would record the changes to <code>hello.c</code> and |
| 1064 | <code>hello.h</code> as expected.</p> |
| 1065 | </div> |
| 1066 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1067 | <p>After a merge (initiated by <code>git</code> <code>merge</code> or <code>git</code> <code>pull</code>) stops |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1068 | because of conflicts, cleanly merged |
| 1069 | paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that |
| 1070 | conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1071 | check which paths are conflicting with <code>git</code> <code>status</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1072 | and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1073 | stage the result as usual with <code>git</code> <code>add</code>:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1074 | </div> |
| 1075 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1076 | <div class="content"> |
| 1077 | <pre>$ git status | grep unmerged |
| 1078 | unmerged: hello.c |
| 1079 | $ edit hello.c |
| 1080 | $ git add hello.c</pre> |
| 1081 | </div> |
| 1082 | </div> |
| 1083 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1084 | <p>After resolving conflicts and staging the result, <code>git</code> <code>ls-files</code> <code>-u</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1085 | would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1086 | run <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> to finally record the merge:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1087 | </div> |
| 1088 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1089 | <div class="content"> |
| 1090 | <pre>$ git commit</pre> |
| 1091 | </div> |
| 1092 | </div> |
| 1093 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1094 | <p>As with the case to record your own changes, you can use <code>-a</code> |
| 1095 | option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1096 | resolution, you cannot use <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> with pathnames to |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1097 | alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge |
| 1098 | should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command |
| 1099 | refuses to run when given pathnames (but see <code>-i</code> option).</p> |
| 1100 | </div> |
| 1101 | </div> |
| 1102 | </div> |
| 1103 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1104 | <h2 id="_commit_information">COMMIT INFORMATION</h2> |
| 1105 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1106 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1107 | <p>Author and committer information is taken from the following environment |
| 1108 | variables, if set:</p> |
| 1109 | </div> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1110 | <div class="ulist"> |
| 1111 | <ul> |
| 1112 | <li> |
| 1113 | <p><code>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME</code></p> |
| 1114 | </li> |
| 1115 | <li> |
| 1116 | <p><code>GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL</code></p> |
| 1117 | </li> |
| 1118 | <li> |
| 1119 | <p><code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code></p> |
| 1120 | </li> |
| 1121 | <li> |
| 1122 | <p><code>GIT_COMMITTER_NAME</code></p> |
| 1123 | </li> |
| 1124 | <li> |
| 1125 | <p><code>GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL</code></p> |
| 1126 | </li> |
| 1127 | <li> |
| 1128 | <p><code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code></p> |
| 1129 | </li> |
| 1130 | </ul> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1131 | </div> |
| 1132 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1133 | <p>(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)</p> |
| 1134 | </div> |
| 1135 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1136 | <p>The author and committer names are by convention some form of a personal name |
| 1137 | (that is, the name by which other humans refer to you), although Git does not |
| 1138 | enforce or require any particular form. Arbitrary Unicode may be used, subject |
| 1139 | to the constraints listed above. This name has no effect on authentication; for |
| 1140 | that, see the <code>credential.username</code> variable in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 1141 | </div> |
| 1142 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1143 | <p>In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information |
| 1144 | is taken from the configuration items <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code>, or, if not |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1145 | present, the environment variable <code>EMAIL</code>, or, if that is not set, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1146 | system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken |
| 1147 | from <code>/etc/mailname</code> and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when |
| 1148 | that file does not exist).</p> |
| 1149 | </div> |
| 1150 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1151 | <p>The <code>author.name</code> and <code>committer.name</code> and their corresponding email options |
| 1152 | override <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code> if set and are overridden themselves by |
| 1153 | the environment variables.</p> |
| 1154 | </div> |
| 1155 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1156 | <p>The typical usage is to set just the <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code> variables; |
| 1157 | the other options are provided for more complex use cases.</p> |
| 1158 | </div> |
| 1159 | </div> |
| 1160 | </div> |
| 1161 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1162 | <h2 id="_date_formats">DATE FORMATS</h2> |
| 1163 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1164 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1165 | <p>The <code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code> and <code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code> environment variables |
| 1166 | support the following date formats:</p> |
| 1167 | </div> |
| 1168 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1169 | <dl> |
| 1170 | <dt class="hdlist1">Git internal format</dt> |
| 1171 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1172 | <p>It is <em><unix-timestamp></em> <em><time-zone-offset></em>, where |
| 1173 | <em><unix-timestamp></em> is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch. |
| 1174 | <em><time-zone-offset></em> is a positive or negative offset from UTC. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1175 | For example CET (which is 1 hour ahead of UTC) is <code>+0100</code>.</p> |
| 1176 | </dd> |
| 1177 | <dt class="hdlist1">RFC 2822</dt> |
| 1178 | <dd> |
| 1179 | <p>The standard date format as described by RFC 2822, for example |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1180 | <code>Thu,</code> <code>07</code> <code>Apr</code> <code>2005</code> <code>22:13:13</code> <code>+0200</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1181 | </dd> |
| 1182 | <dt class="hdlist1">ISO 8601</dt> |
| 1183 | <dd> |
| 1184 | <p>Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example |
| 1185 | <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>. The parser accepts a space instead of the |
| 1186 | <code>T</code> character as well. Fractional parts of a second will be ignored, |
| 1187 | for example <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13.019</code> will be treated as |
| 1188 | <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>.</p> |
| 1189 | <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| 1190 | <table> |
| 1191 | <tr> |
| 1192 | <td class="icon"> |
| 1193 | <div class="title">Note</div> |
| 1194 | </td> |
| 1195 | <td class="content"> |
| 1196 | In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats: |
| 1197 | <code>YYYY.MM.DD</code>, <code>MM/DD/YYYY</code> and <code>DD.MM.YYYY</code>. |
| 1198 | </td> |
| 1199 | </tr> |
| 1200 | </table> |
| 1201 | </div> |
| 1202 | </dd> |
| 1203 | </dl> |
| 1204 | </div> |
| 1205 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1206 | <p>In addition to recognizing all date formats above, the <code>--date</code> option |
| 1207 | will also try to make sense of other, more human-centric date formats, |
| 1208 | such as relative dates like "yesterday" or "last Friday at noon".</p> |
| 1209 | </div> |
| 1210 | </div> |
| 1211 | </div> |
| 1212 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1213 | <h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2> |
| 1214 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1215 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1216 | <p>Though not required, it’s a good idea to begin the commit message |
| 1217 | with a single short (no more than 50 characters) line summarizing the |
| 1218 | change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. |
| 1219 | The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated |
| 1220 | as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git. |
| 1221 | For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses |
| 1222 | the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.</p> |
| 1223 | </div> |
| 1224 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1225 | <p>Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.</p> |
| 1226 | </div> |
| 1227 | <div class="ulist"> |
| 1228 | <ul> |
| 1229 | <li> |
| 1230 | <p>The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences |
| 1231 | of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core |
| 1232 | level.</p> |
| 1233 | </li> |
| 1234 | <li> |
| 1235 | <p>Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This |
| 1236 | applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as |
| 1237 | path names in command line arguments, environment variables |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1238 | and config files (.<code>git/config</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>), |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1239 | <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>, <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> and |
| 1240 | <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>).</p> |
| 1241 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1242 | <p>Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as |
| 1243 | sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding |
| 1244 | conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using |
| 1245 | non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file |
| 1246 | systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However, |
| 1247 | repositories created on such systems will not work properly on |
| 1248 | UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa. |
| 1249 | Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to |
| 1250 | be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.</p> |
| 1251 | </div> |
| 1252 | </li> |
| 1253 | <li> |
| 1254 | <p>Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other |
| 1255 | extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes |
| 1256 | ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but <em>not</em> UTF-16/32, |
| 1257 | EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5, |
| 1258 | EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).</p> |
| 1259 | </li> |
| 1260 | </ul> |
| 1261 | </div> |
| 1262 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1263 | <p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded |
| 1264 | in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to |
| 1265 | force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular |
| 1266 | project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git |
| 1267 | does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in |
| 1268 | mind.</p> |
| 1269 | </div> |
| 1270 | <div class="olist arabic"> |
| 1271 | <ol class="arabic"> |
| 1272 | <li> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1273 | <p><code>git</code> <code>commit</code> and <code>git</code> <code>commit-tree</code> issue |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1274 | a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look |
| 1275 | like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your |
| 1276 | project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1277 | have <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in .<code>git/config</code> file, like this:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1278 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1279 | <div class="content"> |
| 1280 | <pre>[i18n] |
| 1281 | commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre> |
| 1282 | </div> |
| 1283 | </div> |
| 1284 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1285 | <p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value |
| 1286 | of <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in their <code>encoding</code> header. This is to |
| 1287 | help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header |
| 1288 | implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p> |
| 1289 | </div> |
| 1290 | </li> |
| 1291 | <li> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1292 | <p><code>git</code> <code>log</code>, <code>git</code> <code>show</code>, <code>git</code> <code>blame</code> and friends look at the |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1293 | <code>encoding</code> header of a commit object, and try to re-code the |
| 1294 | log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can |
| 1295 | specify the desired output encoding with |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1296 | <code>i18n.logOutputEncoding</code> in .<code>git/config</code> file, like this:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1297 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1298 | <div class="content"> |
| 1299 | <pre>[i18n] |
| 1300 | logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre> |
| 1301 | </div> |
| 1302 | </div> |
| 1303 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1304 | <p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of |
| 1305 | <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> is used instead.</p> |
| 1306 | </div> |
| 1307 | </li> |
| 1308 | </ol> |
| 1309 | </div> |
| 1310 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1311 | <p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log |
| 1312 | message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit |
| 1313 | object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a |
| 1314 | reversible operation.</p> |
| 1315 | </div> |
| 1316 | </div> |
| 1317 | </div> |
| 1318 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1319 | <h2 id="_environment_and_configuration_variables">ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES</h2> |
| 1320 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1321 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1322 | <p>The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1323 | <code>GIT_EDITOR</code> environment variable, the <code>core.editor</code> configuration variable, the |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1324 | <code>VISUAL</code> environment variable, or the <code>EDITOR</code> environment variable (in that |
| 1325 | order). See <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 1326 | </div> |
| 1327 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1328 | <p>Everything above this line in this section isn’t included from the |
| 1329 | <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content that follows is the |
| 1330 | same as what’s found there:</p> |
| 1331 | </div> |
| 1332 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1333 | <dl> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1334 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>commit.cleanup</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1335 | <dd> |
| 1336 | <p>This setting overrides the default of the <code>--cleanup</code> option in |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1337 | <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. Changing the default can be useful |
| 1338 | when you always want to keep lines that begin |
| Junio C Hamano | 152bac0 | 2025-06-02 19:43:36 | [diff] [blame] | 1339 | with the comment character (<code>core.commentChar</code>, default #) |
| 1340 | in your log message, in which case you |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1341 | would do <code>git</code> <code>config</code> <code>commit.cleanup</code> <code>whitespace</code> (note that you will |
| Junio C Hamano | 152bac0 | 2025-06-02 19:43:36 | [diff] [blame] | 1342 | have to remove the help lines that begin with the comment character |
| 1343 | in the commit log template yourself, if you do this).</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1344 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1345 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>commit.gpgSign</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1346 | <dd> |
| 1347 | <p>A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed. |
| 1348 | Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can |
| 1349 | result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be |
| 1350 | convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase |
| 1351 | several times.</p> |
| 1352 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1353 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>commit.status</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1354 | <dd> |
| 1355 | <p>A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the |
| 1356 | commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1357 | message. Defaults to <code>true</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1358 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1359 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>commit.template</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1360 | <dd> |
| 1361 | <p>Specify the pathname of a file to use as the template for |
| 1362 | new commit messages.</p> |
| 1363 | </dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1364 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>commit.verbose</code></dt> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1365 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1366 | <p>A boolean or int to specify the level of verbosity with <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | 796624e | 2025-01-29 23:44:54 | [diff] [blame] | 1367 | </p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1368 | </dd> |
| 1369 | </dl> |
| 1370 | </div> |
| 1371 | </div> |
| 1372 | </div> |
| 1373 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1374 | <h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2> |
| 1375 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1376 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1377 | <p>This command can run <code>commit-msg</code>, <code>prepare-commit-msg</code>, <code>pre-commit</code>, |
| 1378 | <code>post-commit</code> and <code>post-rewrite</code> hooks. See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more |
| 1379 | information.</p> |
| 1380 | </div> |
| 1381 | </div> |
| 1382 | </div> |
| 1383 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1384 | <h2 id="_files">FILES</h2> |
| 1385 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1386 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1387 | <dl> |
| 1388 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG</code></dt> |
| 1389 | <dd> |
| 1390 | <p>This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress. |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1391 | If <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> exits due to an error before creating a commit, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1392 | any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in |
| 1393 | an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1394 | overwritten by the next invocation of <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1395 | </dd> |
| 1396 | </dl> |
| 1397 | </div> |
| 1398 | </div> |
| 1399 | </div> |
| 1400 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1401 | <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> |
| 1402 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1403 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1404 | <p><a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>, |
| 1405 | <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>, |
| 1406 | <a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>, |
| 1407 | <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>, |
| 1408 | <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a></p> |
| 1409 | </div> |
| 1410 | </div> |
| 1411 | </div> |
| 1412 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1413 | <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| 1414 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1415 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1416 | <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| 1417 | </div> |
| 1418 | </div> |
| 1419 | </div> |
| 1420 | </div> |
| 1421 | <div id="footer"> |
| 1422 | <div id="footer-text"> |
| Junio C Hamano | 1cc68cc | 2025-08-04 16:37:24 | [diff] [blame] | 1423 | Last updated 2025-08-04 09:35:46 -0700 |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1424 | </div> |
| 1425 | </div> |
| 1426 | </body> |
| 1427 | </html> |
