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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / ba8baee8618696a4405a1c7feb93ce8d3b089795 / . / git-log.html
blob: a1f3e1e1602c3c946b8e733cba5f91ed412e85b1 [file] [log] [blame]
Junio C Hamano96153bf2018-04-25 08:25:34[diff] [blame]1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]2<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
3 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
4<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
5<head>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]6<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
Junio C Hamanoa85030a2022-07-27 16:48:21[diff] [blame]7<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]8<title>git-log(1)</title>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]9<style type="text/css">
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]10/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
11
12/* Default font. */
13body {
14 font-family: Georgia,serif;
15}
16
17/* Title font. */
18h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
19div.title, caption.title,
20thead, p.table.header,
21#toctitle,
22#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
23#footer {
24 font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]25}
26
27body {
28 margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
29}
30
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]31a {
32 color: blue;
33 text-decoration: underline;
34}
35a:visited {
36 color: fuchsia;
37}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]38
39em {
40 font-style: italic;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]41 color: navy;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]42}
43
44strong {
45 font-weight: bold;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]46 color: #083194;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]47}
48
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]49h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
50 color: #527bbd;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]51 margin-top: 1.2em;
52 margin-bottom: 0.5em;
53 line-height: 1.3;
54}
55
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]56h1, h2, h3 {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]57 border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
58}
59h2 {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]60 padding-top: 0.5em;
61}
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]62h3 {
63 float: left;
64}
65h3 + * {
66 clear: left;
67}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]68h5 {
69 font-size: 1.0em;
70}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]71
72div.sectionbody {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]73 margin-left: 0;
74}
75
76hr {
77 border: 1px solid silver;
78}
79
80p {
81 margin-top: 0.5em;
82 margin-bottom: 0.5em;
83}
84
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]85ul, ol, li > p {
86 margin-top: 0;
87}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]88ul > li { color: #aaa; }
89ul > li > * { color: black; }
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]90
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]91.monospaced, code, pre {
92 font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
93 font-size: inherit;
94 color: navy;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]95 padding: 0;
96 margin: 0;
97}
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]98pre {
99 white-space: pre-wrap;
100}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]101
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]102#author {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]103 color: #527bbd;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]104 font-weight: bold;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]105 font-size: 1.1em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]106}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]107#email {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]108}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]109#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]110}
111
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]112#footer {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]113 font-size: small;
114 border-top: 2px solid silver;
115 padding-top: 0.5em;
116 margin-top: 4.0em;
117}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]118#footer-text {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]119 float: left;
120 padding-bottom: 0.5em;
121}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]122#footer-badges {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]123 float: right;
124 padding-bottom: 0.5em;
125}
126
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]127#preamble {
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]128 margin-top: 1.5em;
129 margin-bottom: 1.5em;
130}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]131div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]132div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
133div.admonitionblock {
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]134 margin-top: 1.0em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]135 margin-bottom: 1.5em;
136}
137div.admonitionblock {
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]138 margin-top: 2.0em;
139 margin-bottom: 2.0em;
140 margin-right: 10%;
141 color: #606060;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]142}
143
144div.content { /* Block element content. */
145 padding: 0;
146}
147
148/* Block element titles. */
149div.title, caption.title {
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]150 color: #527bbd;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]151 font-weight: bold;
152 text-align: left;
153 margin-top: 1.0em;
154 margin-bottom: 0.5em;
155}
156div.title + * {
157 margin-top: 0;
158}
159
160td div.title:first-child {
161 margin-top: 0.0em;
162}
163div.content div.title:first-child {
164 margin-top: 0.0em;
165}
166div.content + div.title {
167 margin-top: 0.0em;
168}
169
170div.sidebarblock > div.content {
171 background: #ffffee;
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]172 border: 1px solid #dddddd;
173 border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]174 padding: 0.5em;
175}
176
177div.listingblock > div.content {
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]178 border: 1px solid #dddddd;
179 border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
180 background: #f8f8f8;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]181 padding: 0.5em;
182}
183
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]184div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
185 padding-left: 1.0em;
186 margin-left: 1.0em;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]187 margin-right: 10%;
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]188 border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
189 color: #888;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]190}
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]191
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]192div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
193 padding-top: 0.5em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]194 text-align: right;
195}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]196
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]197div.verseblock > pre.content {
198 font-family: inherit;
199 font-size: inherit;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]200}
201div.verseblock > div.attribution {
202 padding-top: 0.75em;
203 text-align: left;
204}
205/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]206div.verseblock + div.attribution {
207 text-align: left;
208}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]209
210div.admonitionblock .icon {
211 vertical-align: top;
212 font-size: 1.1em;
213 font-weight: bold;
214 text-decoration: underline;
215 color: #527bbd;
216 padding-right: 0.5em;
217}
218div.admonitionblock td.content {
219 padding-left: 0.5em;
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]220 border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]221}
222
223div.exampleblock > div.content {
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]224 border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
225 padding-left: 0.5em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]226}
227
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]228div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]229span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]230a.image:visited { color: white; }
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]231
232dl {
233 margin-top: 0.8em;
234 margin-bottom: 0.8em;
235}
236dt {
237 margin-top: 0.5em;
238 margin-bottom: 0;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]239 font-style: normal;
240 color: navy;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]241}
242dd > *:first-child {
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]243 margin-top: 0.1em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]244}
245
246ul, ol {
247 list-style-position: outside;
248}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]249ol.arabic {
250 list-style-type: decimal;
251}
252ol.loweralpha {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]253 list-style-type: lower-alpha;
254}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]255ol.upperalpha {
256 list-style-type: upper-alpha;
257}
258ol.lowerroman {
259 list-style-type: lower-roman;
260}
261ol.upperroman {
262 list-style-type: upper-roman;
263}
264
265div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
266div.compact p, div.compact p,
267div.compact div, div.compact div {
268 margin-top: 0.1em;
269 margin-bottom: 0.1em;
270}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]271
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]272tfoot {
273 font-weight: bold;
274}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]275td > div.verse {
276 white-space: pre;
277}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]278
279div.hdlist {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]280 margin-top: 0.8em;
281 margin-bottom: 0.8em;
282}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]283div.hdlist tr {
284 padding-bottom: 15px;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]285}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]286dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
287 font-weight: bold;
288}
289td.hdlist1 {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]290 vertical-align: top;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]291 font-style: normal;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]292 padding-right: 0.8em;
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]293 color: navy;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]294}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]295td.hdlist2 {
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]296 vertical-align: top;
297}
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]298div.hdlist.compact tr {
299 margin: 0;
300 padding-bottom: 0;
301}
302
303.comment {
304 background: yellow;
305}
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]306
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]307.footnote, .footnoteref {
308 font-size: 0.8em;
309}
310
311span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
312 vertical-align: super;
313}
314
315#footnotes {
316 margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
317 padding: 7px 0 0 0;
318}
319
320#footnotes div.footnote {
321 margin: 0 0 5px 0;
322}
323
324#footnotes hr {
325 border: none;
326 border-top: 1px solid silver;
327 height: 1px;
328 text-align: left;
329 margin-left: 0;
330 width: 20%;
331 min-width: 100px;
332}
333
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]334div.colist td {
335 padding-right: 0.5em;
336 padding-bottom: 0.3em;
337 vertical-align: top;
338}
339div.colist td img {
340 margin-top: 0.3em;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]341}
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]342
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]343@media print {
344 #footer-badges { display: none; }
345}
346
347#toc {
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]348 margin-bottom: 2.5em;
349}
350
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]351#toctitle {
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]352 color: #527bbd;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]353 font-size: 1.1em;
354 font-weight: bold;
355 margin-top: 1.0em;
356 margin-bottom: 0.1em;
357}
358
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]359div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]360 margin-top: 0;
361 margin-bottom: 0;
362}
363div.toclevel2 {
364 margin-left: 2em;
365 font-size: 0.9em;
366}
367div.toclevel3 {
368 margin-left: 4em;
369 font-size: 0.9em;
370}
371div.toclevel4 {
372 margin-left: 6em;
373 font-size: 0.9em;
374}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]375
376span.aqua { color: aqua; }
377span.black { color: black; }
378span.blue { color: blue; }
379span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
380span.gray { color: gray; }
381span.green { color: green; }
382span.lime { color: lime; }
383span.maroon { color: maroon; }
384span.navy { color: navy; }
385span.olive { color: olive; }
386span.purple { color: purple; }
387span.red { color: red; }
388span.silver { color: silver; }
389span.teal { color: teal; }
390span.white { color: white; }
391span.yellow { color: yellow; }
392
393span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
394span.black-background { background: black; }
395span.blue-background { background: blue; }
396span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
397span.gray-background { background: gray; }
398span.green-background { background: green; }
399span.lime-background { background: lime; }
400span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
401span.navy-background { background: navy; }
402span.olive-background { background: olive; }
403span.purple-background { background: purple; }
404span.red-background { background: red; }
405span.silver-background { background: silver; }
406span.teal-background { background: teal; }
407span.white-background { background: white; }
408span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
409
410span.big { font-size: 2em; }
411span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
412
413span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
414span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
415span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
416
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]417div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
418
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]419
420/*
421 * xhtml11 specific
422 *
423 * */
424
425div.tableblock {
426 margin-top: 1.0em;
427 margin-bottom: 1.5em;
428}
429div.tableblock > table {
430 border: 3px solid #527bbd;
431}
432thead, p.table.header {
433 font-weight: bold;
434 color: #527bbd;
435}
436p.table {
437 margin-top: 0;
438}
Junio C Hamano725b0da2020-01-22 22:02:40[diff] [blame]439/* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]440div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
441 border-style: none;
442}
443div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
444 border-left-style: none;
445 border-right-style: none;
446}
447div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
448 border-top-style: none;
449 border-bottom-style: none;
450}
451
452
453/*
454 * html5 specific
455 *
456 * */
457
458table.tableblock {
459 margin-top: 1.0em;
460 margin-bottom: 1.5em;
461}
462thead, p.tableblock.header {
463 font-weight: bold;
464 color: #527bbd;
465}
466p.tableblock {
467 margin-top: 0;
468}
469table.tableblock {
470 border-width: 3px;
471 border-spacing: 0px;
472 border-style: solid;
473 border-color: #527bbd;
474 border-collapse: collapse;
475}
476th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
477 border-width: 1px;
478 padding: 4px;
479 border-style: solid;
480 border-color: #527bbd;
481}
482
483table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
484 border-left-style: hidden;
485 border-right-style: hidden;
486}
487table.tableblock.frame-sides {
488 border-top-style: hidden;
489 border-bottom-style: hidden;
490}
491table.tableblock.frame-none {
492 border-style: hidden;
493}
494
495th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
496 text-align: left;
497}
498th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
499 text-align: center;
500}
501th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
502 text-align: right;
503}
504
505th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
506 vertical-align: top;
507}
508th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
509 vertical-align: middle;
510}
511th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
512 vertical-align: bottom;
513}
514
515
516/*
517 * manpage specific
518 *
519 * */
520
521body.manpage h1 {
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]522 padding-top: 0.5em;
523 padding-bottom: 0.5em;
524 border-top: 2px solid silver;
525 border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
526}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]527body.manpage h2 {
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]528 border-style: none;
529}
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]530body.manpage div.sectionbody {
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Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]537
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Junio C Hamano2b153182021-12-15 21:00:31[diff] [blame]542var asciidoc = { // Namespace.
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548/* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
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557
558 /* modified by Troy D. Hanson, September 2006. License: GPL */
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637},
638
639
640/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
641// Footnotes generator
642/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
643
644/* Based on footnote generation code from:
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646 */
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Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]731asciidoc.install();
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]732/*]]>*/
733</script>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]734</head>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]735<body class="manpage">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]736<div id="header">
737<h1>
738git-log(1) Manual Page
739</h1>
740<h2>NAME</h2>
741<div class="sectionbody">
742<p>git-log -
743 Show commit logs
744</p>
745</div>
746</div>
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]747<div id="content">
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]748<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]749<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]750<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano15567bc2011-07-23 00:51:59[diff] [blame]751<div class="verseblock">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]752<pre class="content"><em>git log</em> [&lt;options&gt;] [&lt;revision-range&gt;] [[--] &lt;path&gt;&#8230;]</pre>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]753<div class="attribution">
Junio C Hamano15567bc2011-07-23 00:51:59[diff] [blame]754</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]755</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]756</div>
757<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]758<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]759<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]760<div class="paragraph"><p>Shows the commit logs.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano28c33de2020-07-30 21:22:26[diff] [blame]761<div class="paragraph"><p>List commits that are reachable by following the <code>parent</code> links from the
762given commit(s), but exclude commits that are reachable from the one(s)
763given with a <em>&#94;</em> in front of them. The output is given in reverse
764chronological order by default.</p></div>
765<div class="paragraph"><p>You can think of this as a set operation. Commits reachable from any of
766the commits given on the command line form a set, and then commits reachable
767from any of the ones given with <em>&#94;</em> in front are subtracted from that
768set. The remaining commits are what comes out in the command&#8217;s output.
769Various other options and paths parameters can be used to further limit the
770result.</p></div>
771<div class="paragraph"><p>Thus, the following command:</p></div>
772<div class="listingblock">
773<div class="content">
774<pre><code>$ git log foo bar ^baz</code></pre>
775</div></div>
776<div class="paragraph"><p>means "list all the commits which are reachable from <em>foo</em> or <em>bar</em>, but
777not from <em>baz</em>".</p></div>
778<div class="paragraph"><p>A special notation "<em>&lt;commit1&gt;</em>..<em>&lt;commit2&gt;</em>" can be used as a
779short-hand for "^<em>&lt;commit1&gt;</em> <em>&lt;commit2&gt;</em>". For example, either of
780the following may be used interchangeably:</p></div>
781<div class="listingblock">
782<div class="content">
783<pre><code>$ git log origin..HEAD
784$ git log HEAD ^origin</code></pre>
785</div></div>
786<div class="paragraph"><p>Another special notation is "<em>&lt;commit1&gt;</em>&#8230;<em>&lt;commit2&gt;</em>" which is useful
787for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
788between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:</p></div>
789<div class="listingblock">
790<div class="content">
791<pre><code>$ git log A B --not $(git merge-base --all A B)
792$ git log A...B</code></pre>
793</div></div>
794<div class="paragraph"><p>The command takes options applicable to the <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>
Junio C Hamanoba7c8d82006-04-15 06:17:42[diff] [blame]795command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
Junio C Hamano28c33de2020-07-30 21:22:26[diff] [blame]796the <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> command to control how the changes
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]797each commit introduces are shown.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]798</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]799</div>
800<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]801<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]802<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]803<div class="dlist"><dl>
804<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]805--follow
806</dt>
807<dd>
808<p>
809 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
810 (works only for a single file).
811</p>
812</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]813<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]814--no-decorate
815</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]816<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano37cf4082016-05-30 01:22:14[diff] [blame]817--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]818</dt>
819<dd>
820<p>
821 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If <em>short</em> is
822 specified, the ref name prefixes <em>refs/heads/</em>, <em>refs/tags/</em> and
823 <em>refs/remotes/</em> will not be printed. If <em>full</em> is specified, the
Junio C Hamano37cf4082016-05-30 01:22:14[diff] [blame]824 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If <em>auto</em> is
825 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
826 are shown as if <em>short</em> were given, otherwise no ref names are
Junio C Hamano91a411f2021-07-14 00:40:50[diff] [blame]827 shown. The option <code>--decorate</code> is short-hand for <code>--decorate=short</code>.
828 Default to configuration value of <code>log.decorate</code> if configured,
829 otherwise, <code>auto</code>.
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]830</p>
831</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]832<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano371470a2017-12-13 22:26:40[diff] [blame]833--decorate-refs=&lt;pattern&gt;
834</dt>
835<dt class="hdlist1">
836--decorate-refs-exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;
837</dt>
838<dd>
839<p>
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]840 For each candidate reference, do not use it for decoration if it
Junio C Hamano371470a2017-12-13 22:26:40[diff] [blame]841 matches any patterns given to <code>--decorate-refs-exclude</code> or if it
Junio C Hamano0dd50942020-04-29 21:21:05[diff] [blame]842 doesn&#8217;t match any of the patterns given to <code>--decorate-refs</code>. The
843 <code>log.excludeDecoration</code> config option allows excluding refs from
844 the decorations, but an explicit <code>--decorate-refs</code> pattern will
845 override a match in <code>log.excludeDecoration</code>.
Junio C Hamano371470a2017-12-13 22:26:40[diff] [blame]846</p>
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]847<div class="paragraph"><p>If none of these options or config settings are given, then references are
848used as decoration if they match <code>HEAD</code>, <code>refs/heads/</code>, <code>refs/remotes/</code>,
849<code>refs/stash/</code>, or <code>refs/tags/</code>.</p></div>
850</dd>
851<dt class="hdlist1">
852--clear-decorations
853</dt>
854<dd>
855<p>
856 When specified, this option clears all previous <code>--decorate-refs</code>
857 or <code>--decorate-refs-exclude</code> options and relaxes the default
858 decoration filter to include all references. This option is
859 assumed if the config value <code>log.initialDecorationSet</code> is set to
860 <code>all</code>.
861</p>
Junio C Hamano371470a2017-12-13 22:26:40[diff] [blame]862</dd>
863<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]864--source
865</dt>
866<dd>
867<p>
868 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
869 commit was reached.
870</p>
871</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]872<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano0dd50942020-04-29 21:21:05[diff] [blame]873--[no-]mailmap
874</dt>
875<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano36594952019-07-25 22:26:52[diff] [blame]876--[no-]use-mailmap
Junio C Hamanoce836cc2013-01-21 02:01:53[diff] [blame]877</dt>
878<dd>
879<p>
880 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]881 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
Junio C Hamanoce836cc2013-01-21 02:01:53[diff] [blame]882 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
883</p>
884</dd>
885<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]886--full-diff
887</dt>
888<dd>
889<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]890 Without this flag, <code>git log -p &lt;path&gt;...</code> shows commits that
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]891 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
892 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
893 the specified paths; this means that "&lt;path&gt;&#8230;" limits only
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]894 commits, and doesn&#8217;t limit diff for those commits.
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]895</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]896<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]897produced by <code>--stat</code>, etc.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]898</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]899<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]900--log-size
901</dt>
902<dd>
903<p>
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]904 Include a line &#8220;log size &lt;number&gt;&#8221; in the output for each commit,
905 where &lt;number&gt; is the length of that commit&#8217;s message in bytes.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]906 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from <code>git log</code>
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]907 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]908</p>
909</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]910<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]911-L&lt;start&gt;,&lt;end&gt;:&lt;file&gt;
Junio C Hamano8eac2682013-09-09 22:35:20[diff] [blame]912</dt>
913<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]914-L:&lt;funcname&gt;:&lt;file&gt;
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]915</dt>
916<dd>
917<p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]918 Trace the evolution of the line range given by <em>&lt;start&gt;,&lt;end&gt;</em>,
919 or by the function name regex <em>&lt;funcname&gt;</em>, within the <em>&lt;file&gt;</em>. You may
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]920 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
921 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
Junio C Hamano68793842020-01-06 23:07:09[diff] [blame]922 give zero or one positive revision arguments, and
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]923 <em>&lt;start&gt;</em> and <em>&lt;end&gt;</em> (or <em>&lt;funcname&gt;</em>) must exist in the starting revision.
Junio C Hamano68793842020-01-06 23:07:09[diff] [blame]924 You can specify this option more than once. Implies <code>--patch</code>.
925 Patch output can be suppressed using <code>--no-patch</code>, but other diff formats
926 (namely <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--shortstat</code>, <code>--dirstat</code>, <code>--summary</code>,
927 <code>--name-only</code>, <code>--name-status</code>, <code>--check</code>) are not currently implemented.
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]928</p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]929<div class="paragraph"><p><em>&lt;start&gt;</em> and <em>&lt;end&gt;</em> can take one of these forms:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]930<div class="ulist"><ul>
931<li>
932<p>
933number
934</p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]935<div class="paragraph"><p>If <em>&lt;start&gt;</em> or <em>&lt;end&gt;</em> is a number, it specifies an
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]936absolute line number (lines count from 1).</p></div>
937</li>
938<li>
939<p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]940<code>/regex/</code>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]941</p>
942<div class="paragraph"><p>This form will use the first line matching the given
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]943POSIX regex. If <em>&lt;start&gt;</em> is a regex, it will search from the end of
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]944the previous <code>-L</code> range, if any, otherwise from the start of file.
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]945If <em>&lt;start&gt;</em> is <code>^/regex/</code>, it will search from the start of file.
946If <em>&lt;end&gt;</em> is a regex, it will search
947starting at the line given by <em>&lt;start&gt;</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]948</li>
949<li>
950<p>
951+offset or -offset
952</p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]953<div class="paragraph"><p>This is only valid for <em>&lt;end&gt;</em> and will specify a number
954of lines before or after the line given by <em>&lt;start&gt;</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]955</li>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]956</ul></div>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]957<div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>:&lt;funcname&gt;</code> is given in place of <em>&lt;start&gt;</em> and <em>&lt;end&gt;</em>, it is a
Junio C Hamanodd5004a2015-05-06 19:33:32[diff] [blame]958regular expression that denotes the range from the first funcname line
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]959that matches <em>&lt;funcname&gt;</em>, up to the next funcname line. <code>:&lt;funcname&gt;</code>
Junio C Hamanodd5004a2015-05-06 19:33:32[diff] [blame]960searches from the end of the previous <code>-L</code> range, if any, otherwise
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]961from the start of file. <code>^:&lt;funcname&gt;</code> searches from the start of
962file. The function names are determined in the same way as <code>git diff</code>
963works out patch hunk headers (see <em>Defining a custom hunk-header</em>
964in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]965</dd>
966<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]967&lt;revision-range&gt;
Junio C Hamanof26c77e2013-04-27 00:06:04[diff] [blame]968</dt>
969<dd>
970<p>
971 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]972 &lt;revision-range&gt; is specified, it defaults to <code>HEAD</code> (i.e. the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]973 whole history leading to the current commit). <code>origin..HEAD</code>
Junio C Hamanof26c77e2013-04-27 00:06:04[diff] [blame]974 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]975 (i.e. <code>HEAD</code>), but not from <code>origin</code>. For a complete list of
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]976 ways to spell &lt;revision-range&gt;, see the <em>Specifying Ranges</em>
Junio C Hamanof26c77e2013-04-27 00:06:04[diff] [blame]977 section of <a href="gitrevisions.html">gitrevisions(7)</a>.
978</p>
979</dd>
980<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]981[--] &lt;path&gt;&#8230;
982</dt>
983<dd>
984<p>
Junio C Hamano5723afa2011-08-31 00:49:23[diff] [blame]985 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]986 that match the specified paths came to be. See <em>History
987 Simplification</em> below for details and other simplification
Junio C Hamano5723afa2011-08-31 00:49:23[diff] [blame]988 modes.
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]989</p>
Junio C Hamanoccb82522018-05-08 07:52:09[diff] [blame]990<div class="paragraph"><p>Paths may need to be prefixed with <code>--</code> to separate them from
Junio C Hamanof26c77e2013-04-27 00:06:04[diff] [blame]991options or the revision range, when confusion arises.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano78e3a782010-07-15 22:24:45[diff] [blame]992</dd>
993</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]994<div class="sect2">
995<h3 id="_commit_limiting">Commit Limiting</h3>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]996<div class="paragraph"><p>Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]997special notations explained in the description, additional commit
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]998limiting may be applied.</p></div>
999<div class="paragraph"><p>Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1000<code>--since=&lt;date1&gt;</code> limits to commits newer than <code>&lt;date1&gt;</code>, and using it
1001with <code>--grep=&lt;pattern&gt;</code> further limits to commits whose log message
1002has a line that matches <code>&lt;pattern&gt;</code>), unless otherwise noted.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1003<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that these are applied before commit
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1004ordering and formatting options, such as <code>--reverse</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1005<div class="dlist"><dl>
1006<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano693e7092012-09-12 22:56:53[diff] [blame]1007-&lt;number&gt;
1008</dt>
1009<dt class="hdlist1">
1010-n &lt;number&gt;
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1011</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1012<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1013--max-count=&lt;number&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1014</dt>
1015<dd>
1016<p>
Junio C Hamanoc5be4cc2011-03-09 07:20:43[diff] [blame]1017 Limit the number of commits to output.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1018</p>
1019</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1020<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1021--skip=&lt;number&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1022</dt>
1023<dd>
1024<p>
1025 Skip <em>number</em> commits before starting to show the commit output.
1026</p>
1027</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1028<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1029--since=&lt;date&gt;
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1030</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1031<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1032--after=&lt;date&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1033</dt>
1034<dd>
1035<p>
1036 Show commits more recent than a specific date.
1037</p>
1038</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1039<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano72ea2ca2022-05-21 00:51:23[diff] [blame]1040--since-as-filter=&lt;date&gt;
1041</dt>
1042<dd>
1043<p>
1044 Show all commits more recent than a specific date. This visits
1045 all commits in the range, rather than stopping at the first commit which
1046 is older than a specific date.
1047</p>
1048</dd>
1049<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1050--until=&lt;date&gt;
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1051</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1052<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1053--before=&lt;date&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1054</dt>
1055<dd>
1056<p>
1057 Show commits older than a specific date.
1058</p>
1059</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1060<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1061--author=&lt;pattern&gt;
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1062</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1063<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1064--committer=&lt;pattern&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1065</dt>
1066<dd>
1067<p>
1068 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1069 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1070 expression). With more than one <code>--author=&lt;pattern&gt;</code>,
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1071 commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1072 chosen (similarly for multiple <code>--committer=&lt;pattern&gt;</code>).
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1073</p>
1074</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1075<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano9954ed72012-10-03 04:54:00[diff] [blame]1076--grep-reflog=&lt;pattern&gt;
1077</dt>
1078<dd>
1079<p>
1080 Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that
1081 match the specified pattern (regular expression). With
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1082 more than one <code>--grep-reflog</code>, commits whose reflog message
Junio C Hamano9954ed72012-10-03 04:54:00[diff] [blame]1083 matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1084 error to use this option unless <code>--walk-reflogs</code> is in use.
Junio C Hamano9954ed72012-10-03 04:54:00[diff] [blame]1085</p>
1086</dd>
1087<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4a9ede2009-04-08 07:36:32[diff] [blame]1088--grep=&lt;pattern&gt;
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1089</dt>
1090<dd>
1091<p>
1092 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1093 matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1094 more than one <code>--grep=&lt;pattern&gt;</code>, commits whose message
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1095 matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1096 <code>--all-match</code>).
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1097</p>
Junio C Hamanob3f862c2019-12-05 22:22:00[diff] [blame]1098<div class="paragraph"><p>When <code>--notes</code> is in effect, the message from the notes is
Junio C Hamano8152abf2015-04-28 22:48:02[diff] [blame]1099matched as if it were part of the log message.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1100</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1101<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoaa17c7c2008-11-03 04:36:58[diff] [blame]1102--all-match
1103</dt>
1104<dd>
1105<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1106 Limit the commits output to ones that match all given <code>--grep</code>,
Junio C Hamano8ce35d72012-09-18 22:30:42[diff] [blame]1107 instead of ones that match at least one.
Junio C Hamanoaa17c7c2008-11-03 04:36:58[diff] [blame]1108</p>
1109</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1110<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano6bb32e62015-02-17 22:11:26[diff] [blame]1111--invert-grep
1112</dt>
1113<dd>
1114<p>
1115 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not
1116 match the pattern specified with <code>--grep=&lt;pattern&gt;</code>.
1117</p>
1118</dd>
1119<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1120-i
1121</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1122<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1123--regexp-ignore-case
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1124</dt>
1125<dd>
1126<p>
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]1127 Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter
1128 case.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1129</p>
1130</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1131<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa1295452012-11-13 22:32:04[diff] [blame]1132--basic-regexp
1133</dt>
1134<dd>
1135<p>
1136 Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions;
1137 this is the default.
1138</p>
1139</dd>
1140<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1141-E
1142</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1143<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1144--extended-regexp
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1145</dt>
1146<dd>
1147<p>
1148 Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions
1149 instead of the default basic regular expressions.
1150</p>
1151</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1152<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1153-F
1154</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1155<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1156--fixed-strings
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]1157</dt>
1158<dd>
1159<p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1160 Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don&#8217;t interpret
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]1161 pattern as a regular expression).
1162</p>
1163</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1164<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa275c1f2017-06-19 20:10:12[diff] [blame]1165-P
1166</dt>
1167<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa1295452012-11-13 22:32:04[diff] [blame]1168--perl-regexp
1169</dt>
1170<dd>
1171<p>
Junio C Hamano222ed822017-06-02 06:24:06[diff] [blame]1172 Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular
1173 expressions.
Junio C Hamanoa1295452012-11-13 22:32:04[diff] [blame]1174</p>
Junio C Hamano222ed822017-06-02 06:24:06[diff] [blame]1175<div class="paragraph"><p>Support for these types of regular expressions is an optional
1176compile-time dependency. If Git wasn&#8217;t compiled with support for them
1177providing this option will cause it to die.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa1295452012-11-13 22:32:04[diff] [blame]1178</dd>
1179<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1180--remove-empty
1181</dt>
1182<dd>
1183<p>
1184 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
1185</p>
1186</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1187<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano934e1782009-07-16 06:59:15[diff] [blame]1188--merges
1189</dt>
1190<dd>
1191<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1192 Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as <code>--min-parents=2</code>.
Junio C Hamano934e1782009-07-16 06:59:15[diff] [blame]1193</p>
1194</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1195<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1196--no-merges
1197</dt>
1198<dd>
1199<p>
Junio C Hamanof32ce262011-03-27 07:35:11[diff] [blame]1200 Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1201 exactly the same as <code>--max-parents=1</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1202</p>
1203</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1204<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof32ce262011-03-27 07:35:11[diff] [blame]1205--min-parents=&lt;number&gt;
1206</dt>
1207<dt class="hdlist1">
1208--max-parents=&lt;number&gt;
1209</dt>
1210<dt class="hdlist1">
1211--no-min-parents
1212</dt>
1213<dt class="hdlist1">
1214--no-max-parents
1215</dt>
1216<dd>
1217<p>
Junio C Hamanoc5bb3b32013-08-05 22:43:36[diff] [blame]1218 Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1219 commits. In particular, <code>--max-parents=1</code> is the same as <code>--no-merges</code>,
1220 <code>--min-parents=2</code> is the same as <code>--merges</code>. <code>--max-parents=0</code>
1221 gives all root commits and <code>--min-parents=3</code> all octopus merges.
Junio C Hamanof32ce262011-03-27 07:35:11[diff] [blame]1222</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1223<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--no-min-parents</code> and <code>--no-max-parents</code> reset these limits (to no limit)
1224again. Equivalent forms are <code>--min-parents=0</code> (any commit has 0 or more
1225parents) and <code>--max-parents=-1</code> (negative numbers denote no upper limit).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof32ce262011-03-27 07:35:11[diff] [blame]1226</dd>
1227<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1228--first-parent
1229</dt>
1230<dd>
1231<p>
Junio C Hamano034a2ff2022-02-18 00:40:11[diff] [blame]1232 When finding commits to include, follow only the first
1233 parent commit upon seeing a merge commit. This option
1234 can give a better overview when viewing the evolution of
1235 a particular topic branch, because merges into a topic
1236 branch tend to be only about adjusting to updated upstream
1237 from time to time, and this option allows you to ignore
1238 the individual commits brought in to your history by such
1239 a merge.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1240</p>
Junio C Hamanoa372d5b2021-02-26 01:34:37[diff] [blame]1241<div class="paragraph"><p>This option also changes default diff format for merge commits
1242to <code>first-parent</code>, see <code>--diff-merges=first-parent</code> for details.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1243</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1244<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano034a2ff2022-02-18 00:40:11[diff] [blame]1245--exclude-first-parent-only
1246</dt>
1247<dd>
1248<p>
1249 When finding commits to exclude (with a <em>&#94;</em>), follow only
1250 the first parent commit upon seeing a merge commit.
1251 This can be used to find the set of changes in a topic branch
1252 from the point where it diverged from the remote branch, given
1253 that arbitrary merges can be valid topic branch changes.
1254</p>
1255</dd>
1256<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1257--not
1258</dt>
1259<dd>
1260<p>
1261 Reverses the meaning of the <em>&#94;</em> prefix (or lack thereof)
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1262 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next <code>--not</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1263</p>
1264</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1265<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1266--all
1267</dt>
1268<dd>
1269<p>
Junio C Hamanoe89102f2017-02-15 23:18:15[diff] [blame]1270 Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/</code>, along with <code>HEAD</code>, are
1271 listed on the command line as <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1272</p>
1273</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1274<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1275--branches[=&lt;pattern&gt;]
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1276</dt>
1277<dd>
1278<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1279 Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/heads</code> are listed
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1280 on the command line as <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em>. If <em>&lt;pattern&gt;</em> is given, limit
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]1281 branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>,
Junio C Hamano81d540a2012-03-02 19:52:47[diff] [blame]1282 <em>&#42;</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/&#42;</em> at the end is implied.
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1283</p>
1284</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1285<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1286--tags[=&lt;pattern&gt;]
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1287</dt>
1288<dd>
1289<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1290 Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/tags</code> are listed
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1291 on the command line as <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em>. If <em>&lt;pattern&gt;</em> is given, limit
Junio C Hamano81d540a2012-03-02 19:52:47[diff] [blame]1292 tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>&#42;</em>,
1293 or <em>[</em>, <em>/&#42;</em> at the end is implied.
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1294</p>
1295</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1296<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1297--remotes[=&lt;pattern&gt;]
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1298</dt>
1299<dd>
1300<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1301 Pretend as if all the refs in <code>refs/remotes</code> are listed
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1302 on the command line as <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em>. If <em>&lt;pattern&gt;</em> is given, limit
Junio C Hamano97bcb482010-11-25 03:16:07[diff] [blame]1303 remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob.
Junio C Hamano81d540a2012-03-02 19:52:47[diff] [blame]1304 If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>&#42;</em>, or <em>[</em>, <em>/&#42;</em> at the end is implied.
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]1305</p>
1306</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1307<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1308--glob=&lt;glob-pattern&gt;
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]1309</dt>
1310<dd>
1311<p>
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17[diff] [blame]1312 Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob <em>&lt;glob-pattern&gt;</em>
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]1313 are listed on the command line as <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em>. Leading <em>refs/</em>,
Junio C Hamano81d540a2012-03-02 19:52:47[diff] [blame]1314 is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks <em>?</em>, <em>&#42;</em>,
1315 or <em>[</em>, <em>/&#42;</em> at the end is implied.
Junio C Hamano50819852008-11-19 02:07:56[diff] [blame]1316</p>
1317</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1318<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof079f702013-12-06 23:43:18[diff] [blame]1319--exclude=&lt;glob-pattern&gt;
1320</dt>
1321<dd>
1322<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1323 Do not include refs matching <em>&lt;glob-pattern&gt;</em> that the next <code>--all</code>,
1324 <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or <code>--glob</code> would otherwise
Junio C Hamanof079f702013-12-06 23:43:18[diff] [blame]1325 consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1326 up to the next <code>--all</code>, <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, <code>--remotes</code>, or
1327 <code>--glob</code> option (other options or arguments do not clear
Junio C Hamanofb5ffde2014-11-04 22:38:56[diff] [blame]1328 accumulated patterns).
Junio C Hamanof079f702013-12-06 23:43:18[diff] [blame]1329</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1330<div class="paragraph"><p>The patterns given should not begin with <code>refs/heads</code>, <code>refs/tags</code>, or
1331<code>refs/remotes</code> when applied to <code>--branches</code>, <code>--tags</code>, or <code>--remotes</code>,
1332respectively, and they must begin with <code>refs/</code> when applied to <code>--glob</code>
1333or <code>--all</code>. If a trailing <em>/&#42;</em> is intended, it must be given
Junio C Hamanof079f702013-12-06 23:43:18[diff] [blame]1334explicitly.</p></div>
1335</dd>
1336<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano2a4bcbc2014-10-29 20:07:39[diff] [blame]1337--reflog
1338</dt>
1339<dd>
1340<p>
1341 Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the
1342 command line as <code>&lt;commit&gt;</code>.
1343</p>
1344</dd>
1345<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa42e0332019-07-19 19:49:37[diff] [blame]1346--alternate-refs
1347</dt>
1348<dd>
1349<p>
1350 Pretend as if all objects mentioned as ref tips of alternate
1351 repositories were listed on the command line. An alternate
1352 repository is any repository whose object directory is specified
1353 in <code>objects/info/alternates</code>. The set of included objects may
1354 be modified by <code>core.alternateRefsCommand</code>, etc. See
1355 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
1356</p>
1357</dd>
1358<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8d57fa92017-09-19 05:01:08[diff] [blame]1359--single-worktree
1360</dt>
1361<dd>
1362<p>
1363 By default, all working trees will be examined by the
1364 following options when there are more than one (see
1365 <a href="git-worktree.html">git-worktree(1)</a>): <code>--all</code>, <code>--reflog</code> and
1366 <code>--indexed-objects</code>.
1367 This option forces them to examine the current working tree
1368 only.
1369</p>
1370</dd>
1371<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano084228c2011-05-30 08:13:52[diff] [blame]1372--ignore-missing
1373</dt>
1374<dd>
1375<p>
1376 Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if
1377 the bad input was not given.
1378</p>
1379</dd>
1380<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano5706e0b2009-11-24 10:54:16[diff] [blame]1381--bisect
1382</dt>
1383<dd>
1384<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1385 Pretend as if the bad bisection ref <code>refs/bisect/bad</code>
1386 was listed and as if it was followed by <code>--not</code> and the good
1387 bisection refs <code>refs/bisect/good-*</code> on the command
Junio C Hamano255163d2020-08-18 00:37:23[diff] [blame]1388 line.
Junio C Hamano5706e0b2009-11-24 10:54:16[diff] [blame]1389</p>
1390</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1391<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano5706e0b2009-11-24 10:54:16[diff] [blame]1392--stdin
1393</dt>
1394<dd>
1395<p>
1396 In addition to the <em>&lt;commit&gt;</em> listed on the command
Junio C Hamano92d80372016-07-13 22:00:05[diff] [blame]1397 line, read them from the standard input. If a <code>--</code> separator is
Junio C Hamano5706e0b2009-11-24 10:54:16[diff] [blame]1398 seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the
1399 result.
1400</p>
1401</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1402<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1403--cherry-mark
1404</dt>
1405<dd>
1406<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1407 Like <code>--cherry-pick</code> (see below) but mark equivalent commits
1408 with <code>=</code> rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with <code>+</code>.
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1409</p>
1410</dd>
1411<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1412--cherry-pick
1413</dt>
1414<dd>
1415<p>
1416 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]1417 another commit on the &#8220;other side&#8221; when the set of
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1418 commits are limited with symmetric difference.
1419</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1420<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if you have two branches, <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>, a usual way
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1421to list all commits on only one side of them is with
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1422<code>--left-right</code> (see the example below in the description of
1423the <code>--left-right</code> option). However, it shows the commits that were
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]1424cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, &#8220;3rd on b&#8221; may be
1425cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1426excluded from the output.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1427</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1428<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1429--left-only
1430</dt>
1431<dt class="hdlist1">
1432--right-only
1433</dt>
1434<dd>
1435<p>
Junio C Hamanocd451662016-09-13 00:54:09[diff] [blame]1436 List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference,
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1437 i.e. only those which would be marked <code>&lt;</code> resp. <code>&gt;</code> by
1438 <code>--left-right</code>.
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1439</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1440<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only A...B</code> omits those
1441commits from <code>B</code> which are in <code>A</code> or are patch-equivalent to a commit in
1442<code>A</code>. In other words, this lists the <code>+</code> commits from <code>git cherry A B</code>.
1443More precisely, <code>--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges</code> gives the exact
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1444list.</p></div>
1445</dd>
1446<dt class="hdlist1">
1447--cherry
1448</dt>
1449<dd>
1450<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1451 A synonym for <code>--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges</code>; useful to
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1452 limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that
1453 have been applied to the other side of a forked history with
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1454 <code>git log --cherry upstream...mybranch</code>, similar to
1455 <code>git cherry upstream mybranch</code>.
Junio C Hamano9a2fb2d2011-03-23 05:40:15[diff] [blame]1456</p>
1457</dd>
1458<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1459-g
1460</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1461<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1462--walk-reflogs
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1463</dt>
1464<dd>
1465<p>
1466 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
1467 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
1468 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
1469 exclude (that is, <em>&#94;commit</em>, <em>commit1..commit2</em>,
Junio C Hamanod75148a2014-04-08 19:48:38[diff] [blame]1470 and <em>commit1...commit2</em> notations cannot be used).
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1471</p>
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]1472<div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>--pretty</code> format other than <code>oneline</code> and <code>reference</code> (for obvious reasons),
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1473this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]1474taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown
1475as <code>ref@{Nth}</code> (where <code>Nth</code> is the reverse-chronological index in the
1476reflog) or as <code>ref@{timestamp}</code> (with the timestamp for that entry),
1477depending on a few rules:</p></div>
1478<div class="openblock">
1479<div class="content">
1480<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
1481<li>
1482<p>
1483If the starting point is specified as <code>ref@{Nth}</code>, show the index
Junio C Hamano2567b322019-02-05 23:33:56[diff] [blame]1484 format.
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]1485</p>
1486</li>
1487<li>
1488<p>
1489If the starting point was specified as <code>ref@{now}</code>, show the
Junio C Hamano2567b322019-02-05 23:33:56[diff] [blame]1490 timestamp format.
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]1491</p>
1492</li>
1493<li>
1494<p>
1495If neither was used, but <code>--date</code> was given on the command line, show
Junio C Hamano2567b322019-02-05 23:33:56[diff] [blame]1496 the timestamp in the format requested by <code>--date</code>.
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]1497</p>
1498</li>
1499<li>
1500<p>
1501Otherwise, show the index format.
1502</p>
1503</li>
1504</ol></div>
1505</div></div>
1506<div class="paragraph"><p>Under <code>--pretty=oneline</code>, the commit message is
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1507prefixed with this information on the same line.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1508This option cannot be combined with <code>--reverse</code>.
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]1509See also <a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]1510<div class="paragraph"><p>Under <code>--pretty=reference</code>, this information will not be shown at all.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1511</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1512<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1513--merge
1514</dt>
1515<dd>
1516<p>
1517 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1518 conflict and don&#8217;t exist on all heads to merge.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1519</p>
1520</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1521<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1522--boundary
1523</dt>
1524<dd>
1525<p>
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1526 Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1527 prefixed with <code>-</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1528</p>
1529</dd>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1530</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]1531</div>
1532<div class="sect2">
1533<h3 id="_history_simplification">History Simplification</h3>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1534<div class="paragraph"><p>Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1535commits modifying a particular &lt;path&gt;. But there are two parts of
1536<em>History Simplification</em>, one part is selecting the commits and the other
1537is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1538<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options select the commits to be shown:</p></div>
1539<div class="dlist"><dl>
1540<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1541&lt;paths&gt;
1542</dt>
1543<dd>
1544<p>
1545 Commits modifying the given &lt;paths&gt; are selected.
1546</p>
1547</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1548<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1549--simplify-by-decoration
1550</dt>
1551<dd>
1552<p>
1553 Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected.
1554</p>
1555</dd>
1556</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1557<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history.</p></div>
1558<div class="paragraph"><p>The following options affect the way the simplification is performed:</p></div>
1559<div class="dlist"><dl>
1560<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1561Default mode
1562</dt>
1563<dd>
1564<p>
1565 Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the
1566 final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side
1567 branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches
1568 with the same content)
1569</p>
1570</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1571<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1572--show-pulls
1573</dt>
1574<dd>
1575<p>
1576 Include all commits from the default mode, but also any merge
1577 commits that are not TREESAME to the first parent but are
1578 TREESAME to a later parent. This mode is helpful for showing
1579 the merge commits that "first introduced" a change to a branch.
1580</p>
1581</dd>
1582<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1583--full-history
1584</dt>
1585<dd>
1586<p>
Junio C Hamano15567bc2011-07-23 00:51:59[diff] [blame]1587 Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history.
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1588</p>
1589</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1590<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1591--dense
1592</dt>
1593<dd>
1594<p>
1595 Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a
1596 meaningful history.
1597</p>
1598</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1599<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1600--sparse
1601</dt>
1602<dd>
1603<p>
1604 All commits in the simplified history are shown.
1605</p>
1606</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1607<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1608--simplify-merges
1609</dt>
1610<dd>
1611<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1612 Additional option to <code>--full-history</code> to remove some needless
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1613 merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected
1614 commits contributing to this merge.
1615</p>
1616</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1617<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1618--ancestry-path[=&lt;commit&gt;]
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1619</dt>
1620<dd>
1621<p>
1622 When given a range of commits to display (e.g. <em>commit1..commit2</em>
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1623 or <em>commit2 &#94;commit1</em>), only display commits in that range
1624 that are ancestors of &lt;commit&gt;, descendants of &lt;commit&gt;, or
1625 &lt;commit&gt; itself. If no commit is specified, use <em>commit1</em> (the
1626 excluded part of the range) as &lt;commit&gt;. Can be passed multiple
1627 times; if so, a commit is included if it is any of the commits
1628 given or if it is an ancestor or descendant of one of them.
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1629</p>
1630</dd>
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]1631</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1632<div class="paragraph"><p>A more detailed explanation follows.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1633<div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you specified <code>foo</code> as the &lt;paths&gt;. We shall call commits
1634that modify <code>foo</code> !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff
1635filtered for <code>foo</code>, they look different and equal, respectively.)</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1636<div class="paragraph"><p>In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1637illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1638that you are filtering for a file <code>foo</code> in this commit graph:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1639<div class="listingblock">
1640<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1641<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1642 / / / / / /
1643 I B C D E Y
1644 \ / / / / /
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1645 `-------------' X</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1646</div></div>
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1647<div class="paragraph"><p>The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1648each merge. The commits are:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1649<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1650<li>
1651<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1652<code>I</code> is the initial commit, in which <code>foo</code> exists with contents
1653 &#8220;asdf&#8221;, and a file <code>quux</code> exists with contents &#8220;quux&#8221;. Initial
1654 commits are compared to an empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1655</p>
1656</li>
1657<li>
1658<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1659In <code>A</code>, <code>foo</code> contains just &#8220;foo&#8221;.
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1660</p>
1661</li>
1662<li>
1663<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1664<code>B</code> contains the same change as <code>A</code>. Its merge <code>M</code> is trivial and
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1665 hence TREESAME to all parents.
1666</p>
1667</li>
1668<li>
1669<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1670<code>C</code> does not change <code>foo</code>, but its merge <code>N</code> changes it to &#8220;foobar&#8221;,
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1671 so it is not TREESAME to any parent.
1672</p>
1673</li>
1674<li>
1675<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1676<code>D</code> sets <code>foo</code> to &#8220;baz&#8221;. Its merge <code>O</code> combines the strings from
1677 <code>N</code> and <code>D</code> to &#8220;foobarbaz&#8221;; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent.
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1678</p>
1679</li>
1680<li>
1681<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1682<code>E</code> changes <code>quux</code> to &#8220;xyzzy&#8221;, and its merge <code>P</code> combines the
1683 strings to &#8220;quux xyzzy&#8221;. <code>P</code> is TREESAME to <code>O</code>, but not to <code>E</code>.
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1684</p>
1685</li>
1686<li>
1687<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1688<code>X</code> is an independent root commit that added a new file <code>side</code>, and <code>Y</code>
1689 modified it. <code>Y</code> is TREESAME to <code>X</code>. Its merge <code>Q</code> added <code>side</code> to <code>P</code>, and
1690 <code>Q</code> is TREESAME to <code>P</code>, but not to <code>Y</code>.
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1691</p>
1692</li>
1693</ul></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1694<div class="paragraph"><p><code>rev-list</code> walks backwards through history, including or excluding
1695commits based on whether <code>--full-history</code> and/or parent rewriting
1696(via <code>--parents</code> or <code>--children</code>) are used. The following settings
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1697are available.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1698<div class="dlist"><dl>
1699<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1700Default mode
1701</dt>
1702<dd>
1703<p>
1704 Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1705 (though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below). If the
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1706 commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow
1707 only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME
1708 parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all
1709 parents.
1710</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1711<div class="paragraph"><p>This results in:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1712<div class="listingblock">
1713<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1714<pre><code> .-A---N---O
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1715 / / /
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1716 I---------D</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1717</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1718<div class="paragraph"><p>Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1719available, removed <code>B</code> from consideration entirely. <code>C</code> was
1720considered via <code>N</code>, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an
1721empty tree, so <code>I</code> is !TREESAME.</p></div>
1722<div class="paragraph"><p>Parent/child relations are only visible with <code>--parents</code>, but that does
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1723not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the
1724parent lines.</p></div>
1725</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1726<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1727--full-history without parent rewriting
1728</dt>
1729<dd>
1730<p>
1731 This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow
1732 all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them.
1733 Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are
1734 included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In
1735 the example, we get
1736</p>
1737<div class="listingblock">
1738<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1739<pre><code> I A B N D O P Q</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1740</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1741<div class="paragraph"><p><code>M</code> was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. <code>E</code>,
1742<code>C</code> and <code>B</code> were all walked, but only <code>B</code> was !TREESAME, so the others
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1743do not appear.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1744<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1745about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show
1746them disconnected.</p></div>
1747</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1748<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1749--full-history with parent rewriting
1750</dt>
1751<dd>
1752<p>
1753 Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1754 (though this can be changed, see <code>--sparse</code> below).
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1755</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1756<div class="paragraph"><p>Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten:
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1757Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included
1758themselves. This results in</p></div>
1759<div class="listingblock">
1760<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1761<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O---P---Q
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1762 / / / / /
1763 I B / D /
1764 \ / / / /
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1765 `-------------'</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1766</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1767<div class="paragraph"><p>Compare to <code>--full-history</code> without rewriting above. Note that <code>E</code>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1768was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1769rewritten to contain <code>E</code>'s parent <code>I</code>. The same happened for <code>C</code> and
1770<code>N</code>, and <code>X</code>, <code>Y</code> and <code>Q</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1771</dd>
1772</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1773<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1774affects inclusion:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1775<div class="dlist"><dl>
1776<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1777--dense
1778</dt>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1779<dd>
1780<p>
1781 Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME
1782 to any parent.
1783</p>
1784</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1785<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]1786--sparse
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1787</dt>
1788<dd>
1789<p>
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1790 All commits that are walked are included.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1791</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1792<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that without <code>--full-history</code>, this still simplifies merges: if
Junio C Hamanoa76cb0d2008-08-13 20:04:10[diff] [blame]1793one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other
1794sides of the merge are never walked.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]1795</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1796<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1797--simplify-merges
1798</dt>
1799<dd>
1800<p>
1801 First, build a history graph in the same way that
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1802 <code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting does (see above).
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1803</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1804<div class="paragraph"><p>Then simplify each commit <code>C</code> to its replacement <code>C'</code> in the final
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1805history according to the following rules:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]1806<div class="openblock">
1807<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1808<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1809<li>
1810<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1811Set <code>C'</code> to <code>C</code>.
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1812</p>
1813</li>
1814<li>
1815<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1816Replace each parent <code>P</code> of <code>C'</code> with its simplification <code>P'</code>. In
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1817 the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are
1818 root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care
1819 to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to.
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1820</p>
1821</li>
1822<li>
1823<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1824If after this parent rewriting, <code>C'</code> is a root or merge commit (has
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1825 zero or &gt;1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains.
1826 Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent.
1827</p>
1828</li>
1829</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]1830</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1831<div class="paragraph"><p>The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1832<code>--full-history</code> with parent rewriting. The example turns into:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1833<div class="listingblock">
1834<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1835<pre><code> .-A---M---N---O
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1836 / / /
1837 I B D
1838 \ / /
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1839 `---------'</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1840</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1841<div class="paragraph"><p>Note the major differences in <code>N</code>, <code>P</code>, and <code>Q</code> over <code>--full-history</code>:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]1842<div class="openblock">
1843<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1844<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1845<li>
1846<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1847<code>N</code>'s parent list had <code>I</code> removed, because it is an ancestor of the
1848 other parent <code>M</code>. Still, <code>N</code> remained because it is !TREESAME.
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1849</p>
1850</li>
1851<li>
1852<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1853<code>P</code>'s parent list similarly had <code>I</code> removed. <code>P</code> was then
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1854 removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME.
1855</p>
1856</li>
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1857<li>
1858<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1859<code>Q</code>'s parent list had <code>Y</code> simplified to <code>X</code>. <code>X</code> was then removed, because it
1860 was a TREESAME root. <code>Q</code> was then removed completely, because it had one
Junio C Hamano27159f82013-06-14 17:19:22[diff] [blame]1861 parent and is TREESAME.
1862</p>
1863</li>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1864</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]1865</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoa2f46622008-09-03 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1866</dd>
1867</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1868<div class="paragraph"><p>There is another simplification mode available:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1869<div class="dlist"><dl>
1870<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1871--ancestry-path[=&lt;commit&gt;]
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1872</dt>
1873<dd>
1874<p>
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1875 Limit the displayed commits to those which are an ancestor of
1876 &lt;commit&gt;, or which are a descendant of &lt;commit&gt;, or are &lt;commit&gt;
1877 itself.
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1878</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]1879<div class="paragraph"><p>As an example use case, consider the following commit history:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1880<div class="listingblock">
1881<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1882<pre><code> D---E-------F
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1883 / \ \
1884 B---C---G---H---I---J
1885 / \
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1886 A-------K---------------L--M</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1887</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1888<div class="paragraph"><p>A regular <em>D..M</em> computes the set of commits that are ancestors of <code>M</code>,
1889but excludes the ones that are ancestors of <code>D</code>. This is useful to see
1890what happened to the history leading to <code>M</code> since <code>D</code>, in the sense
1891that &#8220;what does <code>M</code> have that did not exist in <code>D</code>&#8221;. The result in this
1892example would be all the commits, except <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> (and <code>D</code> itself,
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1893of course).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1894<div class="paragraph"><p>When we want to find out what commits in <code>M</code> are contaminated with the
1895bug introduced by <code>D</code> and need fixing, however, we might want to view
1896only the subset of <em>D..M</em> that are actually descendants of <code>D</code>, i.e.
1897excluding <code>C</code> and <code>K</code>. This is exactly what the <code>--ancestry-path</code>
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1898option does. Applied to the <em>D..M</em> range, it results in:</p></div>
1899<div class="listingblock">
1900<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1901<pre><code> E-------F
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1902 \ \
1903 G---H---I---J
1904 \
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]1905 L--M</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1906</div></div>
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1907<div class="paragraph"><p>We can also use <code>--ancestry-path=D</code> instead of <code>--ancestry-path</code> which
1908means the same thing when applied to the <em>D..M</em> range but is just more
1909explicit.</p></div>
1910<div class="paragraph"><p>If we instead are interested in a given topic within this range, and all
1911commits affected by that topic, we may only want to view the subset of
1912<code>D..M</code> which contain that topic in their ancestry path. So, using
1913<code>--ancestry-path=H D..M</code> for example would result in:</p></div>
1914<div class="listingblock">
1915<div class="content">
1916<pre><code> E
1917 \
1918 G---H---I---J
1919 \
1920 L--M</code></pre>
1921</div></div>
1922<div class="paragraph"><p>Whereas <code>--ancestry-path=K D..M</code> would result in</p></div>
1923<div class="listingblock">
1924<div class="content">
1925<pre><code> K---------------L--M</code></pre>
1926</div></div>
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]1927</dd>
1928</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1929<div class="paragraph"><p>Before discussing another option, <code>--show-pulls</code>, we need to
1930create a new example history.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1931<div class="paragraph"><p>A common problem users face when looking at simplified history is that a
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1932commit they know changed a file somehow does not appear in the file&#8217;s
1933simplified history. Let&#8217;s demonstrate a new example and show how options
1934such as <code>--full-history</code> and <code>--simplify-merges</code> works in that case:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1935<div class="listingblock">
1936<div class="content">
1937<pre><code> .-A---M-----C--N---O---P
1938 / / \ \ \/ / /
1939 I B \ R-'`-Z' /
1940 \ / \/ /
1941 \ / /\ /
1942 `---X--' `---Y--'</code></pre>
1943</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1944<div class="paragraph"><p>For this example, suppose <code>I</code> created <code>file.txt</code> which was modified by
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1945<code>A</code>, <code>B</code>, and <code>X</code> in different ways. The single-parent commits <code>C</code>, <code>Z</code>,
1946and <code>Y</code> do not change <code>file.txt</code>. The merge commit <code>M</code> was created by
1947resolving the merge conflict to include both changes from <code>A</code> and <code>B</code>
1948and hence is not TREESAME to either. The merge commit <code>R</code>, however, was
1949created by ignoring the contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>M</code> and taking only
1950the contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>X</code>. Hence, <code>R</code> is TREESAME to <code>X</code> but not
1951<code>M</code>. Finally, the natural merge resolution to create <code>N</code> is to take the
1952contents of <code>file.txt</code> at <code>R</code>, so <code>N</code> is TREESAME to <code>R</code> but not <code>C</code>.
1953The merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> are TREESAME to their first parents, but
1954not to their second parents, <code>Z</code> and <code>Y</code> respectively.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1955<div class="paragraph"><p>When using the default mode, <code>N</code> and <code>R</code> both have a TREESAME parent, so
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1956those edges are walked and the others are ignored. The resulting history
1957graph is:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1958<div class="listingblock">
1959<div class="content">
1960<pre><code> I---X</code></pre>
1961</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1962<div class="paragraph"><p>When using <code>--full-history</code>, Git walks every edge. This will discover
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1963the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> and the merge <code>M</code>, but also will reveal the
1964merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code>. With parent rewriting, the resulting graph is:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1965<div class="listingblock">
1966<div class="content">
1967<pre><code> .-A---M--------N---O---P
1968 / / \ \ \/ / /
1969 I B \ R-'`--' /
1970 \ / \/ /
1971 \ / /\ /
1972 `---X--' `------'</code></pre>
1973</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1974<div class="paragraph"><p>Here, the merge commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> contribute extra noise, as they did
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1975not actually contribute a change to <code>file.txt</code>. They only merged a topic
1976that was based on an older version of <code>file.txt</code>. This is a common
1977issue in repositories using a workflow where many contributors work in
Junio C Hamano594d2d42022-08-30 17:58:50[diff] [blame]1978parallel and merge their topic branches along a single trunk: many
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1979unrelated merges appear in the <code>--full-history</code> results.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1980<div class="paragraph"><p>When using the <code>--simplify-merges</code> option, the commits <code>O</code> and <code>P</code>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1981disappear from the results. This is because the rewritten second parents
1982of <code>O</code> and <code>P</code> are reachable from their first parents. Those edges are
1983removed and then the commits look like single-parent commits that are
1984TREESAME to their parent. This also happens to the commit <code>N</code>, resulting
1985in a history view as follows:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1986<div class="listingblock">
1987<div class="content">
1988<pre><code> .-A---M--.
1989 / / \
1990 I B R
1991 \ / /
1992 \ / /
1993 `---X--'</code></pre>
1994</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]1995<div class="paragraph"><p>In this view, we see all of the important single-parent changes from
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]1996<code>A</code>, <code>B</code>, and <code>X</code>. We also see the carefully-resolved merge <code>M</code> and the
1997not-so-carefully-resolved merge <code>R</code>. This is usually enough information
1998to determine why the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> "disappeared" from history in
1999the default view. However, there are a few issues with this approach.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2000<div class="paragraph"><p>The first issue is performance. Unlike any previous option, the
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2001<code>--simplify-merges</code> option requires walking the entire commit history
2002before returning a single result. This can make the option difficult to
2003use for very large repositories.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2004<div class="paragraph"><p>The second issue is one of auditing. When many contributors are working
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2005on the same repository, it is important which merge commits introduced
2006a change into an important branch. The problematic merge <code>R</code> above is
2007not likely to be the merge commit that was used to merge into an
2008important branch. Instead, the merge <code>N</code> was used to merge <code>R</code> and <code>X</code>
2009into the important branch. This commit may have information about why
2010the change <code>X</code> came to override the changes from <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> in its
2011commit message.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2012<div class="dlist"><dl>
2013<dt class="hdlist1">
2014--show-pulls
2015</dt>
2016<dd>
2017<p>
2018 In addition to the commits shown in the default history, show
2019 each merge commit that is not TREESAME to its first parent but
2020 is TREESAME to a later parent.
2021</p>
2022<div class="paragraph"><p>When a merge commit is included by <code>--show-pulls</code>, the merge is
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2023treated as if it "pulled" the change from another branch. When using
2024<code>--show-pulls</code> on this example (and no other options) the resulting
2025graph is:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2026<div class="listingblock">
2027<div class="content">
2028<pre><code> I---X---R---N</code></pre>
2029</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2030<div class="paragraph"><p>Here, the merge commits <code>R</code> and <code>N</code> are included because they pulled
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2031the commits <code>X</code> and <code>R</code> into the base branch, respectively. These
2032merges are the reason the commits <code>A</code> and <code>B</code> do not appear in the
2033default history.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2034<div class="paragraph"><p>When <code>--show-pulls</code> is paired with <code>--simplify-merges</code>, the
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2035graph includes all of the necessary information:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2036<div class="listingblock">
2037<div class="content">
2038<pre><code> .-A---M--. N
2039 / / \ /
2040 I B R
2041 \ / /
2042 \ / /
2043 `---X--'</code></pre>
2044</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2045<div class="paragraph"><p>Notice that since <code>M</code> is reachable from <code>R</code>, the edge from <code>N</code> to <code>M</code>
Junio C Hamano67bf2242020-04-22 21:41:44[diff] [blame]2046was simplified away. However, <code>N</code> still appears in the history as an
2047important commit because it "pulled" the change <code>R</code> into the main
2048branch.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0cb719f2020-05-31 20:04:39[diff] [blame]2049</dd>
2050</dl></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2051<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>--simplify-by-decoration</code> option allows you to view only the
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]2052big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits
2053that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME
2054(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described
2055above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the
2056contents of the paths given on the command line. All other
2057commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]2058</div>
2059<div class="sect2">
2060<h3 id="_commit_ordering">Commit Ordering</h3>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2061<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.</p></div>
2062<div class="dlist"><dl>
2063<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2064--date-order
2065</dt>
2066<dd>
2067<p>
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]2068 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
2069 otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2070</p>
2071</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2072<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa1952302013-07-01 21:31:18[diff] [blame]2073--author-date-order
2074</dt>
2075<dd>
2076<p>
2077 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but
2078 otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order.
2079</p>
2080</dd>
2081<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]2082--topo-order
2083</dt>
2084<dd>
2085<p>
2086 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and
2087 avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history
2088 intermixed.
2089</p>
2090<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, in a commit history like this:</p></div>
2091<div class="listingblock">
2092<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2093<pre><code> ---1----2----4----7
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]2094 \ \
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2095 3----5----6----8---</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]2096</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2097<div class="paragraph"><p>where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, <code>git
2098rev-list</code> and friends with <code>--date-order</code> show the commits in the
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]2099timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2100<div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>--topo-order</code>, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5
Junio C Hamanod0316112012-08-22 19:55:29[diff] [blame]21013 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to
2102avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed
2103together.</p></div>
2104</dd>
2105<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2106--reverse
2107</dt>
2108<dd>
2109<p>
Junio C Hamanof3ca7b82016-10-03 22:27:02[diff] [blame]2110 Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting
2111 section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with
2112 <code>--walk-reflogs</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2113</p>
2114</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2115</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]2116</div>
2117<div class="sect2">
2118<h3 id="_object_traversal">Object Traversal</h3>
Junio C Hamano076ffcc2013-02-06 05:13:21[diff] [blame]2119<div class="paragraph"><p>These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2120<div class="dlist"><dl>
2121<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoeccdd4a2012-09-10 23:28:17[diff] [blame]2122--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2123</dt>
2124<dd>
2125<p>
Junio C Hamanoeccdd4a2012-09-10 23:28:17[diff] [blame]2126 Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors.
2127 This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2128 <code>unsorted</code> is given, the commits are shown in the order they were
2129 given on the command line. Otherwise (if <code>sorted</code> or no argument
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]2130 was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order
Junio C Hamanoeccdd4a2012-09-10 23:28:17[diff] [blame]2131 by commit time.
Junio C Hamanoe8fdbbb2021-11-12 23:42:03[diff] [blame]2132 Cannot be combined with <code>--graph</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2133</p>
2134</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2135<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2136--do-walk
2137</dt>
2138<dd>
2139<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2140 Overrides a previous <code>--no-walk</code>.
Junio C Hamanob0e02952008-01-19 08:02:00[diff] [blame]2141</p>
2142</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2143</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]2144</div>
2145<div class="sect2">
2146<h3 id="_commit_formatting">Commit Formatting</h3>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2147<div class="dlist"><dl>
2148<dt class="hdlist1">
2149--pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
2150</dt>
2151<dt class="hdlist1">
2152--format=&lt;format&gt;
2153</dt>
2154<dd>
2155<p>
2156 Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
2157 where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2158 <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>reference</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em>, <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
Junio C Hamano6bb32e62015-02-17 22:11:26[diff] [blame]2159 and <em>tformat:&lt;string&gt;</em>. When <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> is none of the above,
2160 and has <em>%placeholder</em> in it, it acts as if
2161 <em>--pretty=tformat:&lt;format&gt;</em> were given.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2162</p>
Junio C Hamano6bb32e62015-02-17 22:11:26[diff] [blame]2163<div class="paragraph"><p>See the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
2164format. When <em>=&lt;format&gt;</em> part is omitted, it defaults to <em>medium</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2165<div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]2166configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2167</dd>
2168<dt class="hdlist1">
2169--abbrev-commit
2170</dt>
2171<dd>
2172<p>
2173 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
Junio C Hamanoee43d182020-11-11 22:10:41[diff] [blame]2174 name, show a prefix that names the object uniquely.
2175 "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies diff output, if it is displayed)
2176 option can be used to specify the minimum length of the prefix.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2177</p>
2178<div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
2179people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
2180</dd>
2181<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof93530e2011-05-25 23:59:59[diff] [blame]2182--no-abbrev-commit
2183</dt>
2184<dd>
2185<p>
2186 Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
Junio C Hamano558abd22020-09-03 20:22:34[diff] [blame]2187 <code>--abbrev-commit</code>, either explicit or implied by other options such
2188 as "--oneline". It also overrides the <code>log.abbrevCommit</code> variable.
Junio C Hamanof93530e2011-05-25 23:59:59[diff] [blame]2189</p>
2190</dd>
2191<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2192--oneline
2193</dt>
2194<dd>
2195<p>
2196 This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
2197 used together.
2198</p>
2199</dd>
2200<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoc5bb3b32013-08-05 22:43:36[diff] [blame]2201--encoding=&lt;encoding&gt;
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2202</dt>
2203<dd>
2204<p>
Junio C Hamano7d6f46e2021-09-10 19:54:21[diff] [blame]2205 Commit objects record the character encoding used for the log message
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2206 in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
2207 command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
2208 preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
Junio C Hamano823eebb2015-07-10 22:29:34[diff] [blame]2209 defaults to UTF-8. Note that if an object claims to be encoded
2210 in <code>X</code> and we are outputting in <code>X</code>, we will output the object
2211 verbatim; this means that invalid sequences in the original
Junio C Hamano7d6f46e2021-09-10 19:54:21[diff] [blame]2212 commit may be copied to the output. Likewise, if iconv(3) fails
Junio C Hamano19dcd3f2021-10-29 23:20:47[diff] [blame]2213 to convert the commit, we will quietly output the original
2214 object verbatim.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2215</p>
2216</dd>
2217<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano5996b672016-04-13 22:01:41[diff] [blame]2218--expand-tabs=&lt;n&gt;
2219</dt>
2220<dt class="hdlist1">
2221--expand-tabs
2222</dt>
2223<dt class="hdlist1">
2224--no-expand-tabs
2225</dt>
2226<dd>
2227<p>
2228 Perform a tab expansion (replace each tab with enough spaces
2229 to fill to the next display column that is multiple of <em>&lt;n&gt;</em>)
2230 in the log message before showing it in the output.
2231 <code>--expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=8</code>, and
2232 <code>--no-expand-tabs</code> is a short-hand for <code>--expand-tabs=0</code>,
2233 which disables tab expansion.
2234</p>
2235<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, tabs are expanded in pretty formats that indent the log
2236message by 4 spaces (i.e. <em>medium</em>, which is the default, <em>full</em>,
2237and <em>fuller</em>).</p></div>
2238</dd>
2239<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob3f862c2019-12-05 22:22:00[diff] [blame]2240--notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2241</dt>
2242<dd>
2243<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]2244 Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2245 commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2246 for <code>git log</code>, <code>git show</code> and <code>git whatchanged</code> commands when
2247 there is no <code>--pretty</code>, <code>--format</code>, or <code>--oneline</code> option given
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2248 on the command line.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2249</p>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2250<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
Junio C Hamano042f2142016-06-27 18:05:05[diff] [blame]2251<code>core.notesRef</code> and <code>notes.displayRef</code> variables (or corresponding
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]2252environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob3f862c2019-12-05 22:22:00[diff] [blame]2253<div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional <em>&lt;ref&gt;</em> argument, use the ref to find the notes
2254to display. The ref can specify the full refname when it begins
Junio C Hamano1f7c4a52015-10-14 22:15:51[diff] [blame]2255with <code>refs/notes/</code>; when it begins with <code>notes/</code>, <code>refs/</code> and otherwise
2256<code>refs/notes/</code> is prefixed to form a full name of the ref.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2257<div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
2258being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
2259"refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from
2260"refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2261</dd>
2262<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2263--no-notes
2264</dt>
2265<dd>
2266<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2267 Do not show notes. This negates the above <code>--notes</code> option, by
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2268 resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown.
2269 Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
2270 "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
2271 from "refs/notes/bar".
2272</p>
2273</dd>
2274<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob3f862c2019-12-05 22:22:00[diff] [blame]2275--show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2276</dt>
2277<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2278--[no-]standard-notes
2279</dt>
2280<dd>
2281<p>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43[diff] [blame]2282 These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
2283 options instead.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2284</p>
2285</dd>
2286<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano0acb1ae2012-09-24 21:28:13[diff] [blame]2287--show-signature
2288</dt>
2289<dd>
2290<p>
2291 Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2292 to <code>gpg --verify</code> and show the output.
Junio C Hamano0acb1ae2012-09-24 21:28:13[diff] [blame]2293</p>
2294</dd>
2295<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2296--relative-date
2297</dt>
2298<dd>
2299<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2300 Synonym for <code>--date=relative</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2301</p>
2302</dd>
2303<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1eb56092015-10-05 20:39:53[diff] [blame]2304--date=&lt;format&gt;
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2305</dt>
2306<dd>
2307<p>
2308 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2309 as when using <code>--pretty</code>. <code>log.date</code> config variable sets a default
Junio C Hamano1eb56092015-10-05 20:39:53[diff] [blame]2310 value for the log command&#8217;s <code>--date</code> option. By default, dates
2311 are shown in the original time zone (either committer&#8217;s or
2312 author&#8217;s). If <code>-local</code> is appended to the format (e.g.,
2313 <code>iso-local</code>), the user&#8217;s local time zone is used instead.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2314</p>
Junio C Hamanob5513772019-04-22 03:38:39[diff] [blame]2315<div class="openblock">
2316<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2317<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=relative</code> shows dates relative to the current time,
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]2318e.g. &#8220;2 hours ago&#8221;. The <code>-local</code> option has no effect for
2319<code>--date=relative</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1eb56092015-10-05 20:39:53[diff] [blame]2320<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=local</code> is an alias for <code>--date=default-local</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2321<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=iso</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601</code>) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format.
2322The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are:</p></div>
2323<div class="ulist"><ul>
2324<li>
2325<p>
2326a space instead of the <code>T</code> date/time delimiter
2327</p>
2328</li>
2329<li>
2330<p>
2331a space between time and time zone
2332</p>
2333</li>
2334<li>
2335<p>
2336no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone
2337</p>
2338</li>
2339</ul></div>
2340<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=iso-strict</code> (or <code>--date=iso8601-strict</code>) shows timestamps in strict
2341ISO 8601 format.</p></div>
2342<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=rfc</code> (or <code>--date=rfc2822</code>) shows timestamps in RFC 2822
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]2343format, often found in email messages.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2344<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=short</code> shows only the date, but not the time, in <code>YYYY-MM-DD</code> format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]2345<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=raw</code> shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01
234600:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset
2347from UTC (a <code>+</code> or <code>-</code> with four digits; the first two are hours, and
2348the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted
2349with <code>strftime("%s %z")</code>).
2350Note that the <code>-local</code> option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch
2351value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying
2352timezone value.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano23168ef2019-02-07 07:20:47[diff] [blame]2353<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=human</code> shows the timezone if the timezone does not match the
2354current time-zone, and doesn&#8217;t print the whole date if that matches
2355(ie skip printing year for dates that are "this year", but also skip
2356the whole date itself if it&#8217;s in the last few days and we can just say
2357what weekday it was). For older dates the hour and minute is also
2358omitted.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoe548d1b2016-08-08 22:26:49[diff] [blame]2359<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=unix</code> shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since
23601970). As with <code>--raw</code>, this is always in UTC and therefore <code>-local</code>
2361has no effect.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano55d91912017-06-22 22:32:46[diff] [blame]2362<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=format:...</code> feeds the format <code>...</code> to your system <code>strftime</code>,
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2363except for %s, %z, and %Z, which are handled internally.
Junio C Hamanod7ed4042015-08-03 19:43:00[diff] [blame]2364Use <code>--date=format:%c</code> to show the date in your system locale&#8217;s
2365preferred format. See the <code>strftime</code> manual for a complete list of
Junio C Hamano1eb56092015-10-05 20:39:53[diff] [blame]2366format placeholders. When using <code>-local</code>, the correct syntax is
2367<code>--date=format-local:...</code>.</p></div>
2368<div class="paragraph"><p><code>--date=default</code> is the default format, and is similar to
2369<code>--date=rfc2822</code>, with a few exceptions:</p></div>
Junio C Hamanob5513772019-04-22 03:38:39[diff] [blame]2370</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1eb56092015-10-05 20:39:53[diff] [blame]2371<div class="ulist"><ul>
2372<li>
2373<p>
2374there is no comma after the day-of-week
2375</p>
2376</li>
2377<li>
2378<p>
2379the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used
2380</p>
2381</li>
2382</ul></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2383</dd>
2384<dt class="hdlist1">
2385--parents
2386</dt>
2387<dd>
2388<p>
2389 Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent&#8230;").
Junio C Hamanoce019c02017-10-30 05:57:46[diff] [blame]2390 Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2391</p>
2392</dd>
2393<dt class="hdlist1">
2394--children
2395</dt>
2396<dd>
2397<p>
2398 Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child&#8230;").
Junio C Hamanoce019c02017-10-30 05:57:46[diff] [blame]2399 Also enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2400</p>
2401</dd>
2402<dt class="hdlist1">
2403--left-right
2404</dt>
2405<dd>
2406<p>
Junio C Hamanocd451662016-09-13 00:54:09[diff] [blame]2407 Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2408 Commits from the left side are prefixed with <code>&lt;</code> and those from
2409 the right with <code>&gt;</code>. If combined with <code>--boundary</code>, those
2410 commits are prefixed with <code>-</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2411</p>
2412<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, if you have this topology:</p></div>
2413<div class="listingblock">
2414<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2415<pre><code> y---b---b branch B
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2416 / \ /
2417 / .
2418 / / \
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2419 o---x---a---a branch A</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2420</div></div>
2421<div class="paragraph"><p>you would get an output like this:</p></div>
2422<div class="listingblock">
2423<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2424<pre><code> $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2425
2426 &gt;bbbbbbb... 3rd on b
2427 &gt;bbbbbbb... 2nd on b
2428 &lt;aaaaaaa... 3rd on a
2429 &lt;aaaaaaa... 2nd on a
2430 -yyyyyyy... 1st on b
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2431 -xxxxxxx... 1st on a</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2432</div></div>
2433</dd>
2434<dt class="hdlist1">
2435--graph
2436</dt>
2437<dd>
2438<p>
2439 Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history
2440 on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines
2441 to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history
2442 to be drawn properly.
Junio C Hamanoef57d1e2015-03-25 21:23:00[diff] [blame]2443 Cannot be combined with <code>--no-walk</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2444</p>
Junio C Hamanoce019c02017-10-30 05:57:46[diff] [blame]2445<div class="paragraph"><p>This enables parent rewriting, see <em>History Simplification</em> above.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2446<div class="paragraph"><p>This implies the <code>--topo-order</code> option by default, but the
2447<code>--date-order</code> option may also be specified.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2448</dd>
Junio C Hamano624dd4c2014-04-03 21:56:30[diff] [blame]2449<dt class="hdlist1">
2450--show-linear-break[=&lt;barrier&gt;]
2451</dt>
2452<dd>
2453<p>
2454 When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened
2455 which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits
2456 do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2457 in between them in that case. If <code>&lt;barrier&gt;</code> is specified, it
Junio C Hamano624dd4c2014-04-03 21:56:30[diff] [blame]2458 is the string that will be shown instead of the default one.
2459</p>
2460</dd>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]2461</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]2462</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]2463</div>
2464</div>
2465<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2466<h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]2467<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2468<div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]2469is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
2470inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2471"Merge: " and the hashes of ancestral commits are printed,
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]2472separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
2473necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
2474have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
2475only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2476file.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2477<div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]2478additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
2479config option to either another format name, or a
2480<em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]2481<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]2482built-in formats:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2483<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2484<li>
2485<p>
2486<em>oneline</em>
2487</p>
2488<div class="literalblock">
2489<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2490<pre><code>&lt;hash&gt; &lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2491</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2492<div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2493</li>
2494<li>
2495<p>
2496<em>short</em>
2497</p>
2498<div class="literalblock">
2499<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2500<pre><code>commit &lt;hash&gt;
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2501Author: &lt;author&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2502</div></div>
2503<div class="literalblock">
2504<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2505<pre><code>&lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2506</div></div>
2507</li>
2508<li>
2509<p>
2510<em>medium</em>
2511</p>
2512<div class="literalblock">
2513<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2514<pre><code>commit &lt;hash&gt;
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2515Author: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2516Date: &lt;author-date&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2517</div></div>
2518<div class="literalblock">
2519<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2520<pre><code>&lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2521</div></div>
2522<div class="literalblock">
2523<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2524<pre><code>&lt;full-commit-message&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2525</div></div>
2526</li>
2527<li>
2528<p>
2529<em>full</em>
2530</p>
2531<div class="literalblock">
2532<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2533<pre><code>commit &lt;hash&gt;
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2534Author: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2535Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2536</div></div>
2537<div class="literalblock">
2538<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2539<pre><code>&lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2540</div></div>
2541<div class="literalblock">
2542<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2543<pre><code>&lt;full-commit-message&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2544</div></div>
2545</li>
2546<li>
2547<p>
2548<em>fuller</em>
2549</p>
2550<div class="literalblock">
2551<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2552<pre><code>commit &lt;hash&gt;
Junio C Hamano6a3c8272008-12-19 21:38:18[diff] [blame]2553Author: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2554AuthorDate: &lt;author-date&gt;
Junio C Hamano6a3c8272008-12-19 21:38:18[diff] [blame]2555Commit: &lt;committer&gt;
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2556CommitDate: &lt;committer-date&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2557</div></div>
2558<div class="literalblock">
2559<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2560<pre><code>&lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2561</div></div>
2562<div class="literalblock">
2563<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2564<pre><code>&lt;full-commit-message&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2565</div></div>
2566</li>
2567<li>
2568<p>
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2569<em>reference</em>
2570</p>
2571<div class="literalblock">
2572<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2573<pre><code>&lt;abbrev-hash&gt; (&lt;title-line&gt;, &lt;short-author-date&gt;)</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2574</div></div>
2575<div class="paragraph"><p>This format is used to refer to another commit in a commit message and
2576is the same as <code>--pretty='format:%C(auto)%h (%s, %ad)'</code>. By default,
2577the date is formatted with <code>--date=short</code> unless another <code>--date</code> option
2578is explicitly specified. As with any <code>format:</code> with format
2579placeholders, its output is not affected by other options like
2580<code>--decorate</code> and <code>--walk-reflogs</code>.</p></div>
2581</li>
2582<li>
2583<p>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2584<em>email</em>
2585</p>
2586<div class="literalblock">
2587<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2588<pre><code>From &lt;hash&gt; &lt;date&gt;
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2589From: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2590Date: &lt;author-date&gt;
2591Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title-line&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2592</div></div>
2593<div class="literalblock">
2594<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2595<pre><code>&lt;full-commit-message&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2596</div></div>
2597</li>
2598<li>
2599<p>
Junio C Hamano0dd50942020-04-29 21:21:05[diff] [blame]2600<em>mboxrd</em>
2601</p>
2602<div class="paragraph"><p>Like <em>email</em>, but lines in the commit message starting with "From "
2603(preceded by zero or more "&gt;") are quoted with "&gt;" so they aren&#8217;t
2604confused as starting a new commit.</p></div>
2605</li>
2606<li>
2607<p>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2608<em>raw</em>
2609</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2610<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2611stored in the commit object. Notably, the hashes are
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2612displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
2613--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
Junio C Hamanod75148a2014-04-08 19:48:38[diff] [blame]2614true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
Junio C Hamano85f1fde2015-06-01 20:37:32[diff] [blame]2615simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
2616commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
2617<code>git log --raw</code>. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
2618use <code>--no-abbrev</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]2619</li>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]2620<li>
2621<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2622<em>format:&lt;format-string&gt;</em>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]2623</p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]2624<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;format-string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]2625you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
2626with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2627instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2628<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]2629would show something like this:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]2630<div class="listingblock">
2631<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]2632<pre><code>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
2633The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]2634</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]2635<div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
2636<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]2637<li>
2638<p>
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]2639Placeholders that expand to a single literal character:
2640</p>
2641<div class="dlist"><dl>
2642<dt class="hdlist1">
2643<em>%n</em>
2644</dt>
2645<dd>
2646<p>
2647newline
2648</p>
2649</dd>
2650<dt class="hdlist1">
2651<em>%%</em>
2652</dt>
2653<dd>
2654<p>
2655a raw <em>%</em>
2656</p>
2657</dd>
2658<dt class="hdlist1">
2659<em>%x00</em>
2660</dt>
2661<dd>
2662<p>
2663print a byte from a hex code
2664</p>
2665</dd>
2666</dl></div>
2667</li>
2668<li>
2669<p>
2670Placeholders that affect formatting of later placeholders:
2671</p>
2672<div class="dlist"><dl>
2673<dt class="hdlist1">
2674<em>%Cred</em>
2675</dt>
2676<dd>
2677<p>
2678switch color to red
2679</p>
2680</dd>
2681<dt class="hdlist1">
2682<em>%Cgreen</em>
2683</dt>
2684<dd>
2685<p>
2686switch color to green
2687</p>
2688</dd>
2689<dt class="hdlist1">
2690<em>%Cblue</em>
2691</dt>
2692<dd>
2693<p>
2694switch color to blue
2695</p>
2696</dd>
2697<dt class="hdlist1">
2698<em>%Creset</em>
2699</dt>
2700<dd>
2701<p>
2702reset color
2703</p>
2704</dd>
2705<dt class="hdlist1">
2706<em>%C(&#8230;)</em>
2707</dt>
2708<dd>
2709<p>
2710color specification, as described under Values in the
2711 "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. By
2712 default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output
2713 (by <code>color.diff</code>, <code>color.ui</code>, or <code>--color</code>, and respecting
2714 the <code>auto</code> settings of the former if we are going to a
2715 terminal). <code>%C(auto,...)</code> is accepted as a historical
2716 synonym for the default (e.g., <code>%C(auto,red)</code>). Specifying
2717 <code>%C(always,...)</code> will show the colors even when color is
2718 not otherwise enabled (though consider just using
2719 <code>--color=always</code> to enable color for the whole output,
2720 including this format and anything else git might color).
2721 <code>auto</code> alone (i.e. <code>%C(auto)</code>) will turn on auto coloring
2722 on the next placeholders until the color is switched
2723 again.
2724</p>
2725</dd>
2726<dt class="hdlist1">
2727<em>%m</em>
2728</dt>
2729<dd>
2730<p>
2731left (<code>&lt;</code>), right (<code>&gt;</code>) or boundary (<code>-</code>) mark
2732</p>
2733</dd>
2734<dt class="hdlist1">
2735<em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>
2736</dt>
2737<dd>
2738<p>
2739switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
2740 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
2741</p>
2742</dd>
2743<dt class="hdlist1">
2744<em>%&lt;(&lt;N&gt;[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])</em>
2745</dt>
2746<dd>
2747<p>
2748make the next placeholder take at
2749 least N columns, padding spaces on
2750 the right if necessary. Optionally
2751 truncate at the beginning (ltrunc),
2752 the middle (mtrunc) or the end
2753 (trunc) if the output is longer than
2754 N columns. Note that truncating
2755 only works correctly with N &gt;= 2.
2756</p>
2757</dd>
2758<dt class="hdlist1">
2759<em>%&lt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2760</dt>
2761<dd>
2762<p>
2763make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
2764 columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
2765</p>
2766</dd>
2767<dt class="hdlist1">
2768<em>%&gt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&gt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2769</dt>
2770<dd>
2771<p>
2772similar to <em>%&lt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&lt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em> respectively,
2773 but padding spaces on the left
2774</p>
2775</dd>
2776<dt class="hdlist1">
2777<em>%&gt;&gt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&gt;&gt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2778</dt>
2779<dd>
2780<p>
2781similar to <em>%&gt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&gt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2782 respectively, except that if the next
2783 placeholder takes more spaces than given and
2784 there are spaces on its left, use those
2785 spaces
2786</p>
2787</dd>
2788<dt class="hdlist1">
2789<em>%&gt;&lt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&gt;&lt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2790</dt>
2791<dd>
2792<p>
2793similar to <em>%&lt;(&lt;N&gt;)</em>, <em>%&lt;|(&lt;N&gt;)</em>
2794 respectively, but padding both sides
2795 (i.e. the text is centered)
2796</p>
2797</dd>
2798</dl></div>
2799</li>
2800<li>
2801<p>
2802Placeholders that expand to information extracted from the commit:
2803</p>
2804<div class="dlist"><dl>
2805<dt class="hdlist1">
2806<em>%H</em>
2807</dt>
2808<dd>
2809<p>
2810commit hash
2811</p>
2812</dd>
2813<dt class="hdlist1">
2814<em>%h</em>
2815</dt>
2816<dd>
2817<p>
2818abbreviated commit hash
2819</p>
2820</dd>
2821<dt class="hdlist1">
2822<em>%T</em>
2823</dt>
2824<dd>
2825<p>
2826tree hash
2827</p>
2828</dd>
2829<dt class="hdlist1">
2830<em>%t</em>
2831</dt>
2832<dd>
2833<p>
2834abbreviated tree hash
2835</p>
2836</dd>
2837<dt class="hdlist1">
2838<em>%P</em>
2839</dt>
2840<dd>
2841<p>
2842parent hashes
2843</p>
2844</dd>
2845<dt class="hdlist1">
2846<em>%p</em>
2847</dt>
2848<dd>
2849<p>
2850abbreviated parent hashes
2851</p>
2852</dd>
2853<dt class="hdlist1">
2854<em>%an</em>
2855</dt>
2856<dd>
2857<p>
2858author name
2859</p>
2860</dd>
2861<dt class="hdlist1">
2862<em>%aN</em>
2863</dt>
2864<dd>
2865<p>
2866author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
2867 or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
2868</p>
2869</dd>
2870<dt class="hdlist1">
2871<em>%ae</em>
2872</dt>
2873<dd>
2874<p>
2875author email
2876</p>
2877</dd>
2878<dt class="hdlist1">
2879<em>%aE</em>
2880</dt>
2881<dd>
2882<p>
2883author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>
2884 or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
2885</p>
2886</dd>
2887<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8ac8a3d2019-11-11 04:33:46[diff] [blame]2888<em>%al</em>
2889</dt>
2890<dd>
2891<p>
2892author email local-part (the part before the <em>@</em> sign)
2893</p>
2894</dd>
2895<dt class="hdlist1">
2896<em>%aL</em>
2897</dt>
2898<dd>
2899<p>
2900author local-part (see <em>%al</em>) respecting .mailmap, see
2901 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
2902</p>
2903</dd>
2904<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]2905<em>%ad</em>
2906</dt>
2907<dd>
2908<p>
2909author date (format respects --date= option)
2910</p>
2911</dd>
2912<dt class="hdlist1">
2913<em>%aD</em>
2914</dt>
2915<dd>
2916<p>
2917author date, RFC2822 style
2918</p>
2919</dd>
2920<dt class="hdlist1">
2921<em>%ar</em>
2922</dt>
2923<dd>
2924<p>
2925author date, relative
2926</p>
2927</dd>
2928<dt class="hdlist1">
2929<em>%at</em>
2930</dt>
2931<dd>
2932<p>
2933author date, UNIX timestamp
2934</p>
2935</dd>
2936<dt class="hdlist1">
2937<em>%ai</em>
2938</dt>
2939<dd>
2940<p>
2941author date, ISO 8601-like format
2942</p>
2943</dd>
2944<dt class="hdlist1">
2945<em>%aI</em>
2946</dt>
2947<dd>
2948<p>
2949author date, strict ISO 8601 format
2950</p>
2951</dd>
2952<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]2953<em>%as</em>
2954</dt>
2955<dd>
2956<p>
2957author date, short format (<code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>)
2958</p>
2959</dd>
2960<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanobe601db2021-05-07 04:20:28[diff] [blame]2961<em>%ah</em>
2962</dt>
2963<dd>
2964<p>
2965author date, human style (like the <code>--date=human</code> option of
2966 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>)
2967</p>
2968</dd>
2969<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]2970<em>%cn</em>
2971</dt>
2972<dd>
2973<p>
2974committer name
2975</p>
2976</dd>
2977<dt class="hdlist1">
2978<em>%cN</em>
2979</dt>
2980<dd>
2981<p>
2982committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
2983 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
2984</p>
2985</dd>
2986<dt class="hdlist1">
2987<em>%ce</em>
2988</dt>
2989<dd>
2990<p>
2991committer email
2992</p>
2993</dd>
2994<dt class="hdlist1">
2995<em>%cE</em>
2996</dt>
2997<dd>
2998<p>
2999committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
3000 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
3001</p>
3002</dd>
3003<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8ac8a3d2019-11-11 04:33:46[diff] [blame]3004<em>%cl</em>
3005</dt>
3006<dd>
3007<p>
Junio C Hamanoa8911782020-07-07 05:35:57[diff] [blame]3008committer email local-part (the part before the <em>@</em> sign)
Junio C Hamano8ac8a3d2019-11-11 04:33:46[diff] [blame]3009</p>
3010</dd>
3011<dt class="hdlist1">
3012<em>%cL</em>
3013</dt>
3014<dd>
3015<p>
Junio C Hamanoa8911782020-07-07 05:35:57[diff] [blame]3016committer local-part (see <em>%cl</em>) respecting .mailmap, see
Junio C Hamano8ac8a3d2019-11-11 04:33:46[diff] [blame]3017 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
3018</p>
3019</dd>
3020<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3021<em>%cd</em>
3022</dt>
3023<dd>
3024<p>
3025committer date (format respects --date= option)
3026</p>
3027</dd>
3028<dt class="hdlist1">
3029<em>%cD</em>
3030</dt>
3031<dd>
3032<p>
3033committer date, RFC2822 style
3034</p>
3035</dd>
3036<dt class="hdlist1">
3037<em>%cr</em>
3038</dt>
3039<dd>
3040<p>
3041committer date, relative
3042</p>
3043</dd>
3044<dt class="hdlist1">
3045<em>%ct</em>
3046</dt>
3047<dd>
3048<p>
3049committer date, UNIX timestamp
3050</p>
3051</dd>
3052<dt class="hdlist1">
3053<em>%ci</em>
3054</dt>
3055<dd>
3056<p>
3057committer date, ISO 8601-like format
3058</p>
3059</dd>
3060<dt class="hdlist1">
3061<em>%cI</em>
3062</dt>
3063<dd>
3064<p>
3065committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
3066</p>
3067</dd>
3068<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob4896852019-12-10 23:15:09[diff] [blame]3069<em>%cs</em>
3070</dt>
3071<dd>
3072<p>
3073committer date, short format (<code>YYYY-MM-DD</code>)
3074</p>
3075</dd>
3076<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanobe601db2021-05-07 04:20:28[diff] [blame]3077<em>%ch</em>
3078</dt>
3079<dd>
3080<p>
Junio C Hamano608b11d2021-05-16 21:40:45[diff] [blame]3081committer date, human style (like the <code>--date=human</code> option of
Junio C Hamanobe601db2021-05-07 04:20:28[diff] [blame]3082 <a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>)
3083</p>
3084</dd>
3085<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3086<em>%d</em>
3087</dt>
3088<dd>
3089<p>
3090ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
3091</p>
3092</dd>
3093<dt class="hdlist1">
3094<em>%D</em>
3095</dt>
3096<dd>
3097<p>
3098ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
3099</p>
3100</dd>
3101<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano458281a2021-03-22 21:20:26[diff] [blame]3102<em>%(describe[:options])</em>
3103</dt>
3104<dd>
3105<p>
3106human-readable name, like
3107 <a href="git-describe.html">git-describe(1)</a>; empty string for
3108 undescribable commits. The <code>describe</code> string
3109 may be followed by a colon and zero or more
3110 comma-separated options. Descriptions can be
3111 inconsistent when tags are added or removed at
3112 the same time.
3113</p>
3114<div class="ulist"><ul>
3115<li>
3116<p>
Junio C Hamano2b153182021-12-15 21:00:31[diff] [blame]3117<em>tags[=&lt;bool-value&gt;]</em>: Instead of only considering annotated tags,
3118 consider lightweight tags as well.
3119</p>
3120</li>
3121<li>
3122<p>
3123<em>abbrev=&lt;number&gt;</em>: Instead of using the default number of hexadecimal digits
3124 (which will vary according to the number of objects in the repository with a
3125 default of 7) of the abbreviated object name, use &lt;number&gt; digits, or as many
3126 digits as needed to form a unique object name.
3127</p>
3128</li>
3129<li>
3130<p>
Junio C Hamano458281a2021-03-22 21:20:26[diff] [blame]3131<em>match=&lt;pattern&gt;</em>: Only consider tags matching the given
3132 <code>glob(7)</code> pattern, excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.
3133</p>
3134</li>
3135<li>
3136<p>
3137<em>exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;</em>: Do not consider tags matching the given
3138 <code>glob(7)</code> pattern, excluding the "refs/tags/" prefix.
3139</p>
3140</li>
3141</ul></div>
3142</dd>
3143<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3144<em>%S</em>
3145</dt>
3146<dd>
3147<p>
3148ref name given on the command line by which the commit was reached
3149 (like <code>git log --source</code>), only works with <code>git log</code>
3150</p>
3151</dd>
3152<dt class="hdlist1">
3153<em>%e</em>
3154</dt>
3155<dd>
3156<p>
3157encoding
3158</p>
3159</dd>
3160<dt class="hdlist1">
3161<em>%s</em>
3162</dt>
3163<dd>
3164<p>
3165subject
3166</p>
3167</dd>
3168<dt class="hdlist1">
3169<em>%f</em>
3170</dt>
3171<dd>
3172<p>
3173sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
3174</p>
3175</dd>
3176<dt class="hdlist1">
3177<em>%b</em>
3178</dt>
3179<dd>
3180<p>
3181body
3182</p>
3183</dd>
3184<dt class="hdlist1">
3185<em>%B</em>
3186</dt>
3187<dd>
3188<p>
3189raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
3190</p>
3191</dd>
3192<dt class="hdlist1">
3193<em>%N</em>
3194</dt>
3195<dd>
3196<p>
3197commit notes
3198</p>
3199</dd>
3200<dt class="hdlist1">
3201<em>%GG</em>
3202</dt>
3203<dd>
3204<p>
3205raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
3206</p>
3207</dd>
3208<dt class="hdlist1">
3209<em>%G?</em>
3210</dt>
3211<dd>
3212<p>
3213show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
3214 "B" for a bad signature,
3215 "U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
3216 "X" for a good signature that has expired,
3217 "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
3218 "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
3219 "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
3220 and "N" for no signature
3221</p>
3222</dd>
3223<dt class="hdlist1">
3224<em>%GS</em>
3225</dt>
3226<dd>
3227<p>
3228show the name of the signer for a signed commit
3229</p>
3230</dd>
3231<dt class="hdlist1">
3232<em>%GK</em>
3233</dt>
3234<dd>
3235<p>
3236show the key used to sign a signed commit
3237</p>
3238</dd>
3239<dt class="hdlist1">
3240<em>%GF</em>
3241</dt>
3242<dd>
3243<p>
3244show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
3245</p>
3246</dd>
3247<dt class="hdlist1">
3248<em>%GP</em>
3249</dt>
3250<dd>
3251<p>
3252show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
3253 to sign a signed commit
3254</p>
3255</dd>
3256<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanobee061d2020-01-30 23:21:18[diff] [blame]3257<em>%GT</em>
3258</dt>
3259<dd>
3260<p>
3261show the trust level for the key used to sign a signed commit
3262</p>
3263</dd>
3264<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3265<em>%gD</em>
3266</dt>
3267<dd>
3268<p>
3269reflog selector, e.g., <code>refs/stash@{1}</code> or <code>refs/stash@{2
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]3270 minutes ago}</code>; the format follows the rules described for the
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3271 <code>-g</code> option. The portion before the <code>@</code> is the refname as
3272 given on the command line (so <code>git log -g refs/heads/master</code>
3273 would yield <code>refs/heads/master@{0}</code>).
3274</p>
3275</dd>
3276<dt class="hdlist1">
3277<em>%gd</em>
3278</dt>
3279<dd>
3280<p>
3281shortened reflog selector; same as <code>%gD</code>, but the refname
3282 portion is shortened for human readability (so
3283 <code>refs/heads/master</code> becomes just <code>master</code>).
3284</p>
3285</dd>
3286<dt class="hdlist1">
3287<em>%gn</em>
3288</dt>
3289<dd>
3290<p>
3291reflog identity name
3292</p>
3293</dd>
3294<dt class="hdlist1">
3295<em>%gN</em>
3296</dt>
3297<dd>
3298<p>
3299reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
3300 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
3301</p>
3302</dd>
3303<dt class="hdlist1">
3304<em>%ge</em>
3305</dt>
3306<dd>
3307<p>
3308reflog identity email
3309</p>
3310</dd>
3311<dt class="hdlist1">
3312<em>%gE</em>
3313</dt>
3314<dd>
3315<p>
3316reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
3317 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
3318</p>
3319</dd>
3320<dt class="hdlist1">
3321<em>%gs</em>
3322</dt>
3323<dd>
3324<p>
3325reflog subject
3326</p>
3327</dd>
3328<dt class="hdlist1">
3329<em>%(trailers[:options])</em>
3330</dt>
3331<dd>
3332<p>
3333display the trailers of the body as
3334 interpreted by
3335 <a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>. The
3336 <code>trailers</code> string may be followed by a colon
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3337 and zero or more comma-separated options.
3338 If any option is provided multiple times the
Junio C Hamano608b11d2021-05-16 21:40:45[diff] [blame]3339 last occurrence wins.
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3340</p>
3341<div class="ulist"><ul>
3342<li>
3343<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3344<em>key=&lt;key&gt;</em>: only show trailers with specified &lt;key&gt;. Matching is done
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3345 case-insensitively and trailing colon is optional. If option is
3346 given multiple times trailer lines matching any of the keys are
3347 shown. This option automatically enables the <code>only</code> option so that
3348 non-trailer lines in the trailer block are hidden. If that is not
3349 desired it can be disabled with <code>only=false</code>. E.g.,
3350 <code>%(trailers:key=Reviewed-by)</code> shows trailer lines with key
3351 <code>Reviewed-by</code>.
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3352</p>
3353</li>
3354<li>
3355<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3356<em>only[=&lt;bool&gt;]</em>: select whether non-trailer lines from the trailer
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3357 block should be included.
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3358</p>
3359</li>
3360<li>
3361<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3362<em>separator=&lt;sep&gt;</em>: specify a separator inserted between trailer
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3363 lines. When this option is not given each trailer line is
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3364 terminated with a line feed character. The string &lt;sep&gt; may contain
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3365 the literal formatting codes described above. To use comma as
3366 separator one must use <code>%x2C</code> as it would otherwise be parsed as
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3367 next option. E.g., <code>%(trailers:key=Ticket,separator=%x2C )</code>
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3368 shows all trailer lines whose key is "Ticket" separated by a comma
3369 and a space.
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3370</p>
3371</li>
3372<li>
3373<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3374<em>unfold[=&lt;bool&gt;]</em>: make it behave as if interpret-trailer&#8217;s <code>--unfold</code>
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3375 option was given. E.g.,
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3376 <code>%(trailers:only,unfold=true)</code> unfolds and shows all trailer lines.
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3377</p>
3378</li>
3379<li>
3380<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3381<em>keyonly[=&lt;bool&gt;]</em>: only show the key part of the trailer.
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3382</p>
3383</li>
3384<li>
3385<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3386<em>valueonly[=&lt;bool&gt;]</em>: only show the value part of the trailer.
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3387</p>
3388</li>
3389<li>
3390<p>
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3391<em>key_value_separator=&lt;sep&gt;</em>: specify a separator inserted between
Junio C Hamano674f3e12021-01-07 08:42:49[diff] [blame]3392 trailer lines. When this option is not given each trailer key-value
3393 pair is separated by ": ". Otherwise it shares the same semantics
Junio C Hamano59a32b02021-12-10 22:53:38[diff] [blame]3394 as <em>separator=&lt;sep&gt;</em> above.
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3395</p>
3396</li>
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3397</ul></div>
3398</dd>
3399</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano04e768d2013-04-23 19:19:26[diff] [blame]3400</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]3401</ul></div>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]3402</li>
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:55[diff] [blame]3403</ul></div>
3404<div class="admonitionblock">
3405<table><tr>
3406<td class="icon">
3407<div class="title">Note</div>
3408</td>
3409<td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3410revision traversal engine. For example, the <code>%g*</code> reflog options will
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:55[diff] [blame]3411insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
Junio C Hamano00b9f1a2014-09-29 23:11:28[diff] [blame]3412<code>git log -g</code>). The <code>%d</code> and <code>%D</code> placeholders will use the "short"
3413decoration format if <code>--decorate</code> was not already provided on the command
3414line.</td>
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:55[diff] [blame]3415</tr></table>
3416</div>
Junio C Hamano2b153182021-12-15 21:00:31[diff] [blame]3417<div class="paragraph"><p>The boolean options accept an optional value <code>[=&lt;bool-value&gt;]</code>. The values
3418<code>true</code>, <code>false</code>, <code>on</code>, <code>off</code> etc. are all accepted. See the "boolean"
3419sub-section in "EXAMPLES" in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. If a boolean
3420option is given with no value, it&#8217;s enabled.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3421<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>+</code> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
Junio C Hamano2bd8a742009-12-01 21:16:59[diff] [blame]3422is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
3423placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano535c65c2017-06-24 22:51:58[diff] [blame]3424<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>-</code> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, all consecutive
3425line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
Junio C Hamano2bd8a742009-12-01 21:16:59[diff] [blame]3426placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]3427<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:55[diff] [blame]3428is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
3429placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]3430<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3431<li>
3432<p>
3433<em>tformat:</em>
3434</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]3435<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3436provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
3437other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
3438newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
3439This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
3440terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]3441For example:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3442<div class="listingblock">
3443<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3444<pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3445 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
34464da45be
34477134973 -- NO NEWLINE
3448
3449$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
3450 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
34514da45be
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]34527134973</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3453</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3454<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <code>%</code> in it is interpreted
3455as if it has <code>tformat:</code> in front of it. For example, these two are
Junio C Hamano0a235222009-03-06 08:21:09[diff] [blame]3456equivalent:</p></div>
3457<div class="listingblock">
3458<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3459<pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
3460$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano0a235222009-03-06 08:21:09[diff] [blame]3461</div></div>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame]3462</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]3463</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]3464</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]3465</div>
3466<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano255163d2020-08-18 00:37:23[diff] [blame]3467<h2 id="_diff_formatting">DIFF FORMATTING</h2>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3468<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano255163d2020-08-18 00:37:23[diff] [blame]3469<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, <code>git log</code> does not generate any diff output. The options
3470below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3471<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that unless one of <code>--diff-merges</code> variants (including short
3472<code>-m</code>, <code>-c</code>, and <code>--cc</code> options) is explicitly given, merge commits
3473will not show a diff, even if a diff format like <code>--patch</code> is
3474selected, nor will they match search options like <code>-S</code>. The exception
3475is when <code>--first-parent</code> is in use, in which case <code>first-parent</code> is
3476the default format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3477<div class="dlist"><dl>
3478<dt class="hdlist1">
3479-p
3480</dt>
3481<dt class="hdlist1">
3482-u
3483</dt>
3484<dt class="hdlist1">
3485--patch
3486</dt>
3487<dd>
3488<p>
3489 Generate patch (see section on generating patches).
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3490</p>
3491</dd>
3492<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano58f587a2013-07-22 19:20:59[diff] [blame]3493-s
3494</dt>
3495<dt class="hdlist1">
3496--no-patch
3497</dt>
3498<dd>
3499<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3500 Suppress diff output. Useful for commands like <code>git show</code> that
3501 show the patch by default, or to cancel the effect of <code>--patch</code>.
Junio C Hamano58f587a2013-07-22 19:20:59[diff] [blame]3502</p>
3503</dd>
3504<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof1fc6ca2022-02-17 01:32:33[diff] [blame]3505--diff-merges=(off|none|on|first-parent|1|separate|m|combined|c|dense-combined|cc|remerge|r)
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3506</dt>
3507<dt class="hdlist1">
3508--no-diff-merges
3509</dt>
3510<dd>
3511<p>
3512 Specify diff format to be used for merge commits. Default is
3513 <code>off</code> unless <code>--first-parent</code> is in use, in which case
3514 <code>first-parent</code> is the default.
3515</p>
3516<div class="dlist"><dl>
3517<dt class="hdlist1">
3518--diff-merges=(off|none)
3519</dt>
3520<dt class="hdlist1">
3521--no-diff-merges
3522</dt>
3523<dd>
3524<p>
3525 Disable output of diffs for merge commits. Useful to override
3526 implied value.
3527</p>
3528</dd>
3529<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano4078a552021-04-30 06:08:10[diff] [blame]3530--diff-merges=on
3531</dt>
3532<dt class="hdlist1">
3533--diff-merges=m
3534</dt>
3535<dt class="hdlist1">
3536-m
3537</dt>
3538<dd>
3539<p>
3540 This option makes diff output for merge commits to be shown in
Junio C Hamano86505432021-08-11 20:13:58[diff] [blame]3541 the default format. <code>-m</code> will produce the output only if <code>-p</code>
3542 is given as well. The default format could be changed using
Junio C Hamano4078a552021-04-30 06:08:10[diff] [blame]3543 <code>log.diffMerges</code> configuration parameter, which default value
Junio C Hamano86505432021-08-11 20:13:58[diff] [blame]3544 is <code>separate</code>.
Junio C Hamano4078a552021-04-30 06:08:10[diff] [blame]3545</p>
3546</dd>
3547<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3548--diff-merges=first-parent
3549</dt>
3550<dt class="hdlist1">
3551--diff-merges=1
3552</dt>
3553<dd>
3554<p>
3555 This option makes merge commits show the full diff with
3556 respect to the first parent only.
3557</p>
3558</dd>
3559<dt class="hdlist1">
3560--diff-merges=separate
3561</dt>
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3562<dd>
3563<p>
3564 This makes merge commits show the full diff with respect to
3565 each of the parents. Separate log entry and diff is generated
Junio C Hamano86505432021-08-11 20:13:58[diff] [blame]3566 for each parent.
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3567</p>
3568</dd>
3569<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof1fc6ca2022-02-17 01:32:33[diff] [blame]3570--diff-merges=remerge
3571</dt>
3572<dt class="hdlist1">
3573--diff-merges=r
3574</dt>
3575<dt class="hdlist1">
3576--remerge-diff
3577</dt>
3578<dd>
3579<p>
3580 With this option, two-parent merge commits are remerged to
3581 create a temporary tree object&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;potentially containing files
3582 with conflict markers and such. A diff is then shown between
3583 that temporary tree and the actual merge commit.
3584</p>
3585<div class="paragraph"><p>The output emitted when this option is used is subject to change, and
3586so is its interaction with other options (unless explicitly
3587documented).</p></div>
3588</dd>
3589<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]3590--diff-merges=combined
3591</dt>
3592<dt class="hdlist1">
3593--diff-merges=c
3594</dt>
3595<dt class="hdlist1">
3596-c
3597</dt>
3598<dd>
3599<p>
3600 With this option, diff output for a merge commit shows the
3601 differences from each of the parents to the merge result
3602 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a
3603 parent and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists
3604 only files which were modified from all parents. <code>-c</code> implies
3605 <code>-p</code>.
3606</p>
3607</dd>
3608<dt class="hdlist1">
3609--diff-merges=dense-combined
3610</dt>
3611<dt class="hdlist1">
3612--diff-merges=cc
3613</dt>
3614<dt class="hdlist1">
3615--cc
3616</dt>
3617<dd>
3618<p>
3619 With this option the output produced by
3620 <code>--diff-merges=combined</code> is further compressed by omitting
3621 uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parents have only
3622 two variants and the merge result picks one of them without
3623 modification. <code>--cc</code> implies <code>-p</code>.
3624</p>
3625</dd>
3626</dl></div>
3627</dd>
3628<dt class="hdlist1">
3629--combined-all-paths
3630</dt>
3631<dd>
3632<p>
3633 This flag causes combined diffs (used for merge commits) to
3634 list the name of the file from all parents. It thus only has
3635 effect when <code>--diff-merges=[dense-]combined</code> is in use, and
3636 is likely only useful if filename changes are detected (i.e.
3637 when either rename or copy detection have been requested).
3638</p>
3639</dd>
3640<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3641-U&lt;n&gt;
3642</dt>
3643<dt class="hdlist1">
3644--unified=&lt;n&gt;
3645</dt>
3646<dd>
3647<p>
3648 Generate diffs with &lt;n&gt; lines of context instead of
Junio C Hamanoee43d182020-11-11 22:10:41[diff] [blame]3649 the usual three.
3650 Implies <code>--patch</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3651</p>
3652</dd>
3653<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3654--output=&lt;file&gt;
3655</dt>
3656<dd>
3657<p>
3658 Output to a specific file instead of stdout.
3659</p>
3660</dd>
3661<dt class="hdlist1">
3662--output-indicator-new=&lt;char&gt;
3663</dt>
3664<dt class="hdlist1">
3665--output-indicator-old=&lt;char&gt;
3666</dt>
3667<dt class="hdlist1">
3668--output-indicator-context=&lt;char&gt;
3669</dt>
3670<dd>
3671<p>
3672 Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context
3673 lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <em>+</em>, <em>-</em> and
3674 ' ' respectively.
3675</p>
3676</dd>
3677<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3678--raw
3679</dt>
3680<dd>
3681<p>
Junio C Hamano85f1fde2015-06-01 20:37:32[diff] [blame]3682 For each commit, show a summary of changes using the raw diff
3683 format. See the "RAW OUTPUT FORMAT" section of
3684 <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>. This is different from showing the log
3685 itself in raw format, which you can achieve with
3686 <code>--format=raw</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3687</p>
3688</dd>
3689<dt class="hdlist1">
3690--patch-with-raw
3691</dt>
3692<dd>
3693<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3694 Synonym for <code>-p --raw</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3695</p>
3696</dd>
3697<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano255163d2020-08-18 00:37:23[diff] [blame]3698-t
3699</dt>
3700<dd>
3701<p>
3702 Show the tree objects in the diff output.
3703</p>
3704</dd>
3705<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoad70bf02016-09-26 23:44:27[diff] [blame]3706--indent-heuristic
3707</dt>
Junio C Hamanoa65b6762017-11-06 04:45:42[diff] [blame]3708<dd>
3709<p>
Junio C Hamano14e66832018-06-18 18:32:19[diff] [blame]3710 Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches
Junio C Hamanoa65b6762017-11-06 04:45:42[diff] [blame]3711 easier to read. This is the default.
3712</p>
3713</dd>
Junio C Hamanoad70bf02016-09-26 23:44:27[diff] [blame]3714<dt class="hdlist1">
3715--no-indent-heuristic
3716</dt>
Junio C Hamano5f888332016-06-13 19:28:31[diff] [blame]3717<dd>
3718<p>
Junio C Hamanoa65b6762017-11-06 04:45:42[diff] [blame]3719 Disable the indent heuristic.
Junio C Hamano5f888332016-06-13 19:28:31[diff] [blame]3720</p>
3721</dd>
3722<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano5a73f302011-10-14 05:58:34[diff] [blame]3723--minimal
3724</dt>
3725<dd>
3726<p>
3727 Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
3728 diff is produced.
3729</p>
3730</dd>
3731<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3732--patience
3733</dt>
3734<dd>
3735<p>
3736 Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.
3737</p>
3738</dd>
3739<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoaea9e6b2012-03-07 00:17:11[diff] [blame]3740--histogram
3741</dt>
3742<dd>
3743<p>
3744 Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.
3745</p>
3746</dd>
3747<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano047135e2017-12-19 21:57:54[diff] [blame]3748--anchored=&lt;text&gt;
3749</dt>
3750<dd>
3751<p>
3752 Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.
3753</p>
3754<div class="paragraph"><p>This option may be specified more than once.</p></div>
3755<div class="paragraph"><p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
3756and starts with this text, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
3757appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
3758diff" algorithm internally.</p></div>
3759</dd>
3760<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3761--diff-algorithm={patience|minimal|histogram|myers}
3762</dt>
3763<dd>
3764<p>
3765 Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:
3766</p>
3767<div class="openblock">
3768<div class="content">
3769<div class="dlist"><dl>
3770<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3771<code>default</code>, <code>myers</code>
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3772</dt>
3773<dd>
3774<p>
3775 The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.
3776</p>
3777</dd>
3778<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3779<code>minimal</code>
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3780</dt>
3781<dd>
3782<p>
3783 Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
3784 produced.
3785</p>
3786</dd>
3787<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3788<code>patience</code>
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3789</dt>
3790<dd>
3791<p>
3792 Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.
3793</p>
3794</dd>
3795<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3796<code>histogram</code>
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3797</dt>
3798<dd>
3799<p>
3800 This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
3801 low-occurrence common elements".
3802</p>
3803</dd>
3804</dl></div>
3805</div></div>
Junio C Hamano14e66832018-06-18 18:32:19[diff] [blame]3806<div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3807non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3808have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano80ad00d2013-02-18 00:19:03[diff] [blame]3809</dd>
3810<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano4c4b0122011-06-30 01:19:32[diff] [blame]3811--stat[=&lt;width&gt;[,&lt;name-width&gt;[,&lt;count&gt;]]]
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3812</dt>
3813<dd>
3814<p>
Junio C Hamanoaea9e6b2012-03-07 00:17:11[diff] [blame]3815 Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
3816 will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
3817 part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
Junio C Hamano7f2b3cb2012-06-22 22:42:39[diff] [blame]3818 if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3819 <code>&lt;width&gt;</code>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
3820 giving another width <code>&lt;name-width&gt;</code> after a comma. The width
Junio C Hamanoaea9e6b2012-03-07 00:17:11[diff] [blame]3821 of the graph part can be limited by using
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3822 <code>--stat-graph-width=&lt;width&gt;</code> (affects all commands generating
3823 a stat graph) or by setting <code>diff.statGraphWidth=&lt;width&gt;</code>
3824 (does not affect <code>git format-patch</code>).
3825 By giving a third parameter <code>&lt;count&gt;</code>, you can limit the
3826 output to the first <code>&lt;count&gt;</code> lines, followed by <code>...</code> if
Junio C Hamanoaea9e6b2012-03-07 00:17:11[diff] [blame]3827 there are more.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3828</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3829<div class="paragraph"><p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=&lt;width&gt;</code>,
3830<code>--stat-name-width=&lt;name-width&gt;</code> and <code>--stat-count=&lt;count&gt;</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3831</dd>
3832<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano45badf02018-03-14 21:56:41[diff] [blame]3833--compact-summary
3834</dt>
3835<dd>
3836<p>
3837 Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
3838 as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally "+l"
3839 if it&#8217;s a symlink) and mode changes ("+x" or "-x" for adding
3840 or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
Junio C Hamanofa2915c2018-06-19 19:50:18[diff] [blame]3841 information is put between the filename part and the graph
Junio C Hamano45badf02018-03-14 21:56:41[diff] [blame]3842 part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.
3843</p>
3844</dd>
3845<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3846--numstat
3847</dt>
3848<dd>
3849<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3850 Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3851 deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
3852 abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3853 binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
3854 <code>0 0</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3855</p>
3856</dd>
3857<dt class="hdlist1">
3858--shortstat
3859</dt>
3860<dd>
3861<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3862 Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3863 number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
3864 lines.
3865</p>
3866</dd>
3867<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3868-X[&lt;param1,param2,&#8230;&gt;]
3869</dt>
3870<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3871--dirstat[=&lt;param1,param2,&#8230;&gt;]
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3872</dt>
3873<dd>
3874<p>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3875 Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3876 sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3877 passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3878 The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]3879 variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3880 The following parameters are available:
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3881</p>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]3882<div class="openblock">
3883<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3884<div class="dlist"><dl>
3885<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3886<code>changes</code>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3887</dt>
3888<dd>
3889<p>
3890 Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
3891 removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
3892 the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
3893 rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
3894 This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.
3895</p>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3896</dd>
3897<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3898<code>lines</code>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3899</dt>
3900<dd>
3901<p>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3902 Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
3903 analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
3904 files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3905 natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
3906 behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3907 lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3908 is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--*stat</code> options.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3909</p>
3910</dd>
3911<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3912<code>files</code>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3913</dt>
3914<dd>
3915<p>
3916 Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
3917 Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3918 the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3919 not have to look at the file contents at all.
3920</p>
3921</dd>
3922<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3923<code>cumulative</code>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3924</dt>
3925<dd>
3926<p>
3927 Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3928 Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3929 reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3930 be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3931</p>
3932</dd>
3933<dt class="hdlist1">
3934&lt;limit&gt;
3935</dt>
3936<dd>
3937<p>
3938 An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
3939 Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
3940 are not shown in the output.
3941</p>
3942</dd>
3943</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]3944</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3945<div class="paragraph"><p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
3946directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
3947and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3948<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1c222c52011-05-13 19:55:32[diff] [blame]3949</dd>
3950<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]3951--cumulative
3952</dt>
3953<dd>
3954<p>
3955 Synonym for --dirstat=cumulative
3956</p>
3957</dd>
3958<dt class="hdlist1">
3959--dirstat-by-file[=&lt;param1,param2&gt;&#8230;]
3960</dt>
3961<dd>
3962<p>
3963 Synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2&#8230;
3964</p>
3965</dd>
3966<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3967--summary
3968</dt>
3969<dd>
3970<p>
3971 Output a condensed summary of extended header information
3972 such as creations, renames and mode changes.
3973</p>
3974</dd>
3975<dt class="hdlist1">
3976--patch-with-stat
3977</dt>
3978<dd>
3979<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3980 Synonym for <code>-p --stat</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3981</p>
3982</dd>
3983<dt class="hdlist1">
3984-z
3985</dt>
3986<dd>
3987<p>
3988 Separate the commits with NULs instead of with new newlines.
3989</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]3990<div class="paragraph"><p>Also, when <code>--raw</code> or <code>--numstat</code> has been given, do not munge
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3991pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano0f6f3bf2017-03-13 07:01:53[diff] [blame]3992<div class="paragraph"><p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as
3993explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
3994<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]3995</dd>
3996<dt class="hdlist1">
3997--name-only
3998</dt>
3999<dd>
4000<p>
Junio C Hamano4078a552021-04-30 06:08:10[diff] [blame]4001 Show only names of changed files. The file names are often encoded in UTF-8.
4002 For more information see the discussion about encoding in the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
4003 manual page.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4004</p>
4005</dd>
4006<dt class="hdlist1">
4007--name-status
4008</dt>
4009<dd>
4010<p>
4011 Show only names and status of changed files. See the description
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4012 of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
Junio C Hamano4078a552021-04-30 06:08:10[diff] [blame]4013 Just like <code>--name-only</code> the file names are often encoded in UTF-8.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4014</p>
4015</dd>
4016<dt class="hdlist1">
4017--submodule[=&lt;format&gt;]
4018</dt>
4019<dd>
4020<p>
Junio C Hamanocd451662016-09-13 00:54:09[diff] [blame]4021 Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
4022 <code>--submodule=short</code> the <em>short</em> format is used. This format just
4023 shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range.
4024 When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <em>log</em>
4025 format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like
4026 <a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code>
4027 is specified, the <em>diff</em> format is used. This format shows an
4028 inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the
4029 commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <em>short</em> format
4030 if the config option is unset.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4031</p>
4032</dd>
4033<dt class="hdlist1">
4034--color[=&lt;when&gt;]
4035</dt>
4036<dd>
4037<p>
4038 Show colored diff.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4039 <code>--color</code> (i.e. without <em>=&lt;when&gt;</em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
4040 <em>&lt;when&gt;</em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4041</p>
4042</dd>
4043<dt class="hdlist1">
4044--no-color
4045</dt>
4046<dd>
4047<p>
Junio C Hamano5f2627d2011-05-06 20:23:48[diff] [blame]4048 Turn off colored diff.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4049 It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4050</p>
4051</dd>
4052<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanofb1fdf12017-08-27 06:14:59[diff] [blame]4053--color-moved[=&lt;mode&gt;]
4054</dt>
4055<dd>
4056<p>
4057 Moved lines of code are colored differently.
4058 The &lt;mode&gt; defaults to <em>no</em> if the option is not given
4059 and to <em>zebra</em> if the option with no mode is given.
4060 The mode must be one of:
4061</p>
4062<div class="openblock">
4063<div class="content">
4064<div class="dlist"><dl>
4065<dt class="hdlist1">
4066no
4067</dt>
4068<dd>
4069<p>
4070 Moved lines are not highlighted.
4071</p>
4072</dd>
4073<dt class="hdlist1">
4074default
4075</dt>
4076<dd>
4077<p>
4078 Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode
4079 in the future.
4080</p>
4081</dd>
4082<dt class="hdlist1">
4083plain
4084</dt>
4085<dd>
4086<p>
4087 Any line that is added in one location and was removed
4088 in another location will be colored with <em>color.diff.newMoved</em>.
4089 Similarly <em>color.diff.oldMoved</em> will be used for removed lines
4090 that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any
4091 moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine
4092 if a block of code was moved without permutation.
4093</p>
4094</dd>
4095<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4096blocks
Junio C Hamanofb1fdf12017-08-27 06:14:59[diff] [blame]4097</dt>
4098<dd>
4099<p>
4100 Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters
4101 are detected greedily. The detected blocks are
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4102 painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color.
4103 Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.
4104</p>
4105</dd>
4106<dt class="hdlist1">
4107zebra
4108</dt>
4109<dd>
4110<p>
4111 Blocks of moved text are detected as in <em>blocks</em> mode. The blocks
4112 are painted using either the <em>color.diff.{old,new}Moved</em> color or
Junio C Hamanofb1fdf12017-08-27 06:14:59[diff] [blame]4113 <em>color.diff.{old,new}MovedAlternative</em>. The change between
4114 the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.
4115</p>
4116</dd>
4117<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanobfd91f42018-08-17 22:21:16[diff] [blame]4118dimmed-zebra
Junio C Hamanofb1fdf12017-08-27 06:14:59[diff] [blame]4119</dt>
4120<dd>
4121<p>
4122 Similar to <em>zebra</em>, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts
4123 of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent
4124 blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting.
Junio C Hamanobfd91f42018-08-17 22:21:16[diff] [blame]4125 <code>dimmed_zebra</code> is a deprecated synonym.
Junio C Hamanofb1fdf12017-08-27 06:14:59[diff] [blame]4126</p>
4127</dd>
4128</dl></div>
4129</div></div>
4130</dd>
4131<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa90214f2019-01-28 22:05:25[diff] [blame]4132--no-color-moved
4133</dt>
4134<dd>
4135<p>
4136 Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration
4137 settings. It is the same as <code>--color-moved=no</code>.
4138</p>
4139</dd>
4140<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4141--color-moved-ws=&lt;modes&gt;
4142</dt>
4143<dd>
4144<p>
Junio C Hamanoa90214f2019-01-28 22:05:25[diff] [blame]4145 This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4146 move detection for <code>--color-moved</code>.
4147 These modes can be given as a comma separated list:
4148</p>
4149<div class="openblock">
4150<div class="content">
4151<div class="dlist"><dl>
4152<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa90214f2019-01-28 22:05:25[diff] [blame]4153no
4154</dt>
4155<dd>
4156<p>
4157 Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.
4158</p>
4159</dd>
4160<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4161ignore-space-at-eol
4162</dt>
4163<dd>
4164<p>
4165 Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
4166</p>
4167</dd>
4168<dt class="hdlist1">
4169ignore-space-change
4170</dt>
4171<dd>
4172<p>
4173 Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
4174 at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
4175 more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
4176</p>
4177</dd>
4178<dt class="hdlist1">
4179ignore-all-space
4180</dt>
4181<dd>
4182<p>
4183 Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences
4184 even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.
4185</p>
4186</dd>
4187<dt class="hdlist1">
4188allow-indentation-change
4189</dt>
4190<dd>
4191<p>
Junio C Hamanoa90214f2019-01-28 22:05:25[diff] [blame]4192 Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then
Junio C Hamanof09b7cd2018-08-02 23:01:45[diff] [blame]4193 group the moved code blocks only into a block if the change in
4194 whitespace is the same per line. This is incompatible with the
4195 other modes.
4196</p>
4197</dd>
4198</dl></div>
4199</div></div>
4200</dd>
4201<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa90214f2019-01-28 22:05:25[diff] [blame]4202--no-color-moved-ws
4203</dt>
4204<dd>
4205<p>
4206 Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be
4207 used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
4208 <code>--color-moved-ws=no</code>.
4209</p>
4210</dd>
4211<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4212--word-diff[=&lt;mode&gt;]
4213</dt>
4214<dd>
4215<p>
4216 Show a word diff, using the &lt;mode&gt; to delimit changed words.
4217 By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4218 <code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The &lt;mode&gt; defaults to <em>plain</em>, and
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4219 must be one of:
4220</p>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]4221<div class="openblock">
4222<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4223<div class="dlist"><dl>
4224<dt class="hdlist1">
4225color
4226</dt>
4227<dd>
4228<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4229 Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4230</p>
4231</dd>
4232<dt class="hdlist1">
4233plain
4234</dt>
4235<dd>
4236<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4237 Show words as <code>[-removed-]</code> and <code>{+added+}</code>. Makes no
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4238 attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
4239 so the output may be ambiguous.
4240</p>
4241</dd>
4242<dt class="hdlist1">
4243porcelain
4244</dt>
4245<dd>
4246<p>
4247 Use a special line-based format intended for script
4248 consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4249 usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` `
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4250 character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
4251 end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4252 tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4253</p>
4254</dd>
4255<dt class="hdlist1">
4256none
4257</dt>
4258<dd>
4259<p>
4260 Disable word diff again.
4261</p>
4262</dd>
4263</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]4264</div></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4265<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
4266highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p></div>
4267</dd>
4268<dt class="hdlist1">
4269--word-diff-regex=&lt;regex&gt;
4270</dt>
4271<dd>
4272<p>
4273 Use &lt;regex&gt; to decide what a word is, instead of considering
4274 runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4275 <code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4276</p>
4277<div class="paragraph"><p>Every non-overlapping match of the
4278&lt;regex&gt; is considered a word. Anything between these matches is
4279considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4280differences. You may want to append <code>|[^[:space:]]</code> to your regular
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4281expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
4282A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
4283newline.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano713eded2015-12-03 00:24:02[diff] [blame]4284<div class="paragraph"><p>For example, <code>--word-diff-regex=.</code> will treat each character as a word
4285and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4286<div class="paragraph"><p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
Junio C Hamano198b1f12016-05-17 22:27:24[diff] [blame]4287<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4288overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
4289override configuration settings.</p></div>
4290</dd>
4291<dt class="hdlist1">
4292--color-words[=&lt;regex&gt;]
4293</dt>
4294<dd>
4295<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4296 Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was
4297 specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=&lt;regex&gt;</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4298</p>
4299</dd>
4300<dt class="hdlist1">
4301--no-renames
4302</dt>
4303<dd>
4304<p>
4305 Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
4306 file gives the default to do so.
4307</p>
4308</dd>
4309<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]4310--[no-]rename-empty
4311</dt>
4312<dd>
4313<p>
4314 Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.
4315</p>
4316</dd>
4317<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4318--check
4319</dt>
4320<dd>
4321<p>
Junio C Hamano84ea1e42016-04-08 21:53:48[diff] [blame]4322 Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors.
4323 What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code>
Junio C Hamano6005bfa2011-06-23 00:51:22[diff] [blame]4324 configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including
Junio C Hamano14e66832018-06-18 18:32:19[diff] [blame]4325 lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a space character
Junio C Hamano6005bfa2011-06-23 00:51:22[diff] [blame]4326 that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
4327 initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
4328 Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
4329 with --exit-code.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4330</p>
4331</dd>
4332<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano8c5d5942015-06-11 19:37:48[diff] [blame]4333--ws-error-highlight=&lt;kind&gt;
4334</dt>
4335<dd>
4336<p>
Junio C Hamano4b2a6c12017-08-22 18:32:37[diff] [blame]4337 Highlight whitespace errors in the <code>context</code>, <code>old</code> or <code>new</code>
4338 lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma,
4339 <code>none</code> resets previous values, <code>default</code> reset the list to
4340 <code>new</code> and <code>all</code> is a shorthand for <code>old,new,context</code>. When
4341 this option is not given, and the configuration variable
4342 <code>diff.wsErrorHighlight</code> is not set, only whitespace errors in
4343 <code>new</code> lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored
Junio C Hamano14e66832018-06-18 18:32:19[diff] [blame]4344 with <code>color.diff.whitespace</code>.
Junio C Hamano8c5d5942015-06-11 19:37:48[diff] [blame]4345</p>
4346</dd>
4347<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4348--full-index
4349</dt>
4350<dd>
4351<p>
4352 Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
4353 pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
4354 line when generating patch format output.
4355</p>
4356</dd>
4357<dt class="hdlist1">
4358--binary
4359</dt>
4360<dd>
4361<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4362 In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
Junio C Hamanoee43d182020-11-11 22:10:41[diff] [blame]4363 can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
4364 Implies <code>--patch</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4365</p>
4366</dd>
4367<dt class="hdlist1">
4368--abbrev[=&lt;n&gt;]
4369</dt>
4370<dd>
4371<p>
4372 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
4373 name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
Junio C Hamanoee43d182020-11-11 22:10:41[diff] [blame]4374 lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em>&lt;n&gt;</em>
4375 hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object.
Junio C Hamanocf8aeaf2020-08-31 23:16:35[diff] [blame]4376 In diff-patch output format, <code>--full-index</code> takes higher
4377 precedence, i.e. if <code>--full-index</code> is specified, full blob
4378 names will be shown regardless of <code>--abbrev</code>.
4379 Non default number of digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4380</p>
4381</dd>
4382<dt class="hdlist1">
4383-B[&lt;n&gt;][/&lt;m&gt;]
4384</dt>
4385<dt class="hdlist1">
4386--break-rewrites[=[&lt;n&gt;][/&lt;m&gt;]]
4387</dt>
4388<dd>
4389<p>
4390 Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
4391 create. This serves two purposes:
4392</p>
4393<div class="paragraph"><p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
4394not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
4395few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
4396single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4397everything new, and the number <code>m</code> controls this aspect of the -B
4398option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70%</code> specifies that less than 30% of the
Junio C Hamano076ffcc2013-02-06 05:13:21[diff] [blame]4399original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4400rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
4401deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p></div>
4402<div class="paragraph"><p>When used with -M, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
4403source of a rename (usually -M only considers a file that disappeared
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4404as the source of a rename), and the number <code>n</code> controls this aspect of
4405the -B option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20%</code> specifies that a change with
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4406addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file&#8217;s size are
4407eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
4408another file.</p></div>
4409</dd>
4410<dt class="hdlist1">
4411-M[&lt;n&gt;]
4412</dt>
4413<dt class="hdlist1">
4414--find-renames[=&lt;n&gt;]
4415</dt>
4416<dd>
4417<p>
4418 If generating diffs, detect and report renames for each commit.
4419 For following files across renames while traversing history, see
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4420 <code>--follow</code>.
4421 If <code>n</code> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4422 index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4423 file&#8217;s size). For example, <code>-M90%</code> means Git should consider a
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4424 delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4425 hasn&#8217;t changed. Without a <code>%</code> sign, the number is to be read as
4426 a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
4427 0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50%</code>. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is
4428 the same as <code>-M5%</code>. To limit detection to exact renames, use
4429 <code>-M100%</code>. The default similarity index is 50%.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4430</p>
4431</dd>
4432<dt class="hdlist1">
4433-C[&lt;n&gt;]
4434</dt>
4435<dt class="hdlist1">
4436--find-copies[=&lt;n&gt;]
4437</dt>
4438<dd>
4439<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4440 Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>.
4441 If <code>n</code> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M&lt;n&gt;</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4442</p>
4443</dd>
4444<dt class="hdlist1">
4445--find-copies-harder
4446</dt>
4447<dd>
4448<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4449 For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4450 if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
4451 changeset. This flag makes the command
4452 inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
4453 copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
4454 projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4455 <code>-C</code> option has the same effect.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4456</p>
4457</dd>
4458<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanob02377c2011-04-28 22:26:02[diff] [blame]4459-D
4460</dt>
4461<dt class="hdlist1">
4462--irreversible-delete
4463</dt>
4464<dd>
4465<p>
4466 Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4467 the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch
4468 is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git apply</code>; this is
Junio C Hamanob02377c2011-04-28 22:26:02[diff] [blame]4469 solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
Junio C Hamanod16fd1b2017-08-04 16:41:51[diff] [blame]4470 text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks
Junio C Hamanob02377c2011-04-28 22:26:02[diff] [blame]4471 enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
4472 hence the name of the option.
4473</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4474<div class="paragraph"><p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
Junio C Hamanob02377c2011-04-28 22:26:02[diff] [blame]4475of a delete/create pair.</p></div>
4476</dd>
4477<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4478-l&lt;num&gt;
4479</dt>
4480<dd>
4481<p>
Junio C Hamano20cf4932021-07-28 21:02:52[diff] [blame]4482 The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options involve some preliminary steps that
4483 can detect subsets of renames/copies cheaply, followed by an
4484 exhaustive fallback portion that compares all remaining
4485 unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames,
4486 only remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all
4487 original sources are relevant.) For N sources and
4488 destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This option
4489 prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from
4490 running if the number of source/destination files involved
4491 exceeds the specified number. Defaults to diff.renameLimit.
4492 Note that a value of 0 is treated as unlimited.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4493</p>
4494</dd>
4495<dt class="hdlist1">
4496--diff-filter=[(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)&#8230;[*]]
4497</dt>
4498<dd>
4499<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4500 Select only files that are Added (<code>A</code>), Copied (<code>C</code>),
4501 Deleted (<code>D</code>), Modified (<code>M</code>), Renamed (<code>R</code>), have their
4502 type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, &#8230;) changed (<code>T</code>),
4503 are Unmerged (<code>U</code>), are
4504 Unknown (<code>X</code>), or have had their pairing Broken (<code>B</code>).
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4505 Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used.
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4506 When <code>*</code> (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4507 paths are selected if there is any file that matches
4508 other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
4509 that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.
4510</p>
Junio C Hamanoeed15af2016-07-25 22:49:42[diff] [blame]4511<div class="paragraph"><p>Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g.
4512<code>--diff-filter=ad</code> excludes added and deleted paths.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof1fc6ca2022-02-17 01:32:33[diff] [blame]4513<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, copied and
4514renamed entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4515</dd>
4516<dt class="hdlist1">
4517-S&lt;string&gt;
4518</dt>
4519<dd>
4520<p>
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4521 Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
4522 the specified string (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
4523 Intended for the scripter&#8217;s use.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4524</p>
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4525<div class="paragraph"><p>It is useful when you&#8217;re looking for an exact block of code (like a
4526struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
4527came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4528block in the preimage back into <code>-S</code>, and keep going until you get the
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4529very first version of the block.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoace33e42019-01-18 23:16:05[diff] [blame]4530<div class="paragraph"><p>Binary files are searched as well.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4531</dd>
4532<dt class="hdlist1">
4533-G&lt;regex&gt;
4534</dt>
4535<dd>
4536<p>
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4537 Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
4538 lines that match &lt;regex&gt;.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4539</p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4540<div class="paragraph"><p>To illustrate the difference between <code>-S&lt;regex&gt; --pickaxe-regex</code> and
4541<code>-G&lt;regex&gt;</code>, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4542file:</p></div>
4543<div class="listingblock">
4544<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanob7e497f2020-02-12 21:41:37[diff] [blame]4545<pre><code>+ return frotz(nitfol, two-&gt;ptr, 1, 0);
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4546...
Junio C Hamanob7e497f2020-02-12 21:41:37[diff] [blame]4547- hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);</code></pre>
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4548</div></div>
Junio C Hamanob7e497f2020-02-12 21:41:37[diff] [blame]4549<div class="paragraph"><p>While <code>git log -G"frotz\(nitfol"</code> will show this commit, <code>git log
4550-S"frotz\(nitfol" --pickaxe-regex</code> will not (because the number of
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4551occurrences of that string did not change).</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoace33e42019-01-18 23:16:05[diff] [blame]4552<div class="paragraph"><p>Unless <code>--text</code> is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv
4553filter will be ignored.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4554<div class="paragraph"><p>See the <em>pickaxe</em> entry in <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a> for more
4555information.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4556</dd>
4557<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano7b9cce92018-01-23 22:34:27[diff] [blame]4558--find-object=&lt;object-id&gt;
4559</dt>
4560<dd>
4561<p>
4562 Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
4563 the specified object. Similar to <code>-S</code>, just the argument is different
4564 in that it doesn&#8217;t search for a specific string but for a specific
4565 object id.
4566</p>
4567<div class="paragraph"><p>The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the <code>-t</code> option in
4568<code>git-log</code> to also find trees.</p></div>
4569</dd>
4570<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4571--pickaxe-all
4572</dt>
4573<dd>
4574<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4575 When <code>-S</code> or <code>-G</code> finds a change, show all the changes in that
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4576 changeset, not just the files that contain the change
4577 in &lt;string&gt;.
4578</p>
4579</dd>
4580<dt class="hdlist1">
4581--pickaxe-regex
4582</dt>
4583<dd>
4584<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4585 Treat the &lt;string&gt; given to <code>-S</code> as an extended POSIX regular
Junio C Hamanof1f5a7b2013-06-11 22:23:52[diff] [blame]4586 expression to match.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4587</p>
4588</dd>
4589<dt class="hdlist1">
4590-O&lt;orderfile&gt;
4591</dt>
4592<dd>
4593<p>
Junio C Hamanobcd98f42017-01-24 00:12:16[diff] [blame]4594 Control the order in which files appear in the output.
Junio C Hamano322c6242015-03-23 21:32:46[diff] [blame]4595 This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable
4596 (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>,
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4597 use <code>-O/dev/null</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4598</p>
Junio C Hamanobcd98f42017-01-24 00:12:16[diff] [blame]4599<div class="paragraph"><p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in
4600&lt;orderfile&gt;.
4601All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output
4602first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not
4603the first) are output next, and so on.
4604All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output
4605last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the
4606file.
4607If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern
4608but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is
4609the normal order.</p></div>
4610<div class="paragraph"><p>&lt;orderfile&gt; is parsed as follows:</p></div>
4611<div class="openblock">
4612<div class="content">
4613<div class="ulist"><ul>
4614<li>
4615<p>
4616Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for
4617 readability.
4618</p>
4619</li>
4620<li>
4621<p>
4622Lines starting with a hash ("<code>#</code>") are ignored, so they can be used
4623 for comments. Add a backslash ("<code>\</code>") to the beginning of the
4624 pattern if it starts with a hash.
4625</p>
4626</li>
4627<li>
4628<p>
4629Each other line contains a single pattern.
4630</p>
4631</li>
4632</ul></div>
4633</div></div>
4634<div class="paragraph"><p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for
Junio C Hamano96153bf2018-04-25 08:25:34[diff] [blame]4635fnmatch(3) without the FNM_PATHNAME flag, except a pathname also
Junio C Hamanobcd98f42017-01-24 00:12:16[diff] [blame]4636matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname
4637components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "<code>foo*bar</code>"
4638matches "<code>fooasdfbar</code>" and "<code>foo/bar/baz/asdf</code>" but not "<code>foobarx</code>".</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4639</dd>
4640<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa372d5b2021-02-26 01:34:37[diff] [blame]4641--skip-to=&lt;file&gt;
4642</dt>
4643<dt class="hdlist1">
4644--rotate-to=&lt;file&gt;
4645</dt>
4646<dd>
4647<p>
4648 Discard the files before the named &lt;file&gt; from the output
4649 (i.e. <em>skip to</em>), or move them to the end of the output
4650 (i.e. <em>rotate to</em>). These were invented primarily for use
4651 of the <code>git difftool</code> command, and may not be very useful
4652 otherwise.
4653</p>
4654</dd>
4655<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4656-R
4657</dt>
4658<dd>
4659<p>
4660 Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
4661 on-disk file to tree contents.
4662</p>
4663</dd>
4664<dt class="hdlist1">
4665--relative[=&lt;path&gt;]
4666</dt>
Junio C Hamano3ef9e672020-06-02 21:51:31[diff] [blame]4667<dt class="hdlist1">
4668--no-relative
4669</dt>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4670<dd>
4671<p>
4672 When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
4673 told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
4674 pathnames relative to it with this option. When you are
4675 not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
4676 can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
4677 to by giving a &lt;path&gt; as an argument.
Junio C Hamano3ef9e672020-06-02 21:51:31[diff] [blame]4678 <code>--no-relative</code> can be used to countermand both <code>diff.relative</code> config
4679 option and previous <code>--relative</code>.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4680</p>
4681</dd>
4682<dt class="hdlist1">
4683-a
4684</dt>
4685<dt class="hdlist1">
4686--text
4687</dt>
4688<dd>
4689<p>
4690 Treat all files as text.
4691</p>
4692</dd>
4693<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano4886c772017-11-27 03:33:28[diff] [blame]4694--ignore-cr-at-eol
4695</dt>
4696<dd>
4697<p>
Junio C Hamano96153bf2018-04-25 08:25:34[diff] [blame]4698 Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.
Junio C Hamano4886c772017-11-27 03:33:28[diff] [blame]4699</p>
4700</dd>
4701<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4702--ignore-space-at-eol
4703</dt>
4704<dd>
4705<p>
4706 Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.
4707</p>
4708</dd>
4709<dt class="hdlist1">
4710-b
4711</dt>
4712<dt class="hdlist1">
4713--ignore-space-change
4714</dt>
4715<dd>
4716<p>
4717 Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
4718 at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
4719 more whitespace characters to be equivalent.
4720</p>
4721</dd>
4722<dt class="hdlist1">
4723-w
4724</dt>
4725<dt class="hdlist1">
4726--ignore-all-space
4727</dt>
4728<dd>
4729<p>
4730 Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores
4731 differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
4732 line has none.
4733</p>
4734</dd>
4735<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa1952302013-07-01 21:31:18[diff] [blame]4736--ignore-blank-lines
4737</dt>
4738<dd>
4739<p>
4740 Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.
4741</p>
4742</dd>
4743<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanodf3d3cd2020-11-02 22:05:05[diff] [blame]4744-I&lt;regex&gt;
4745</dt>
4746<dt class="hdlist1">
4747--ignore-matching-lines=&lt;regex&gt;
4748</dt>
4749<dd>
4750<p>
4751 Ignore changes whose all lines match &lt;regex&gt;. This option may
4752 be specified more than once.
4753</p>
4754</dd>
4755<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4756--inter-hunk-context=&lt;lines&gt;
4757</dt>
4758<dd>
4759<p>
4760 Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified number
4761 of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
Junio C Hamanobcd98f42017-01-24 00:12:16[diff] [blame]4762 Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option
4763 is unset.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4764</p>
4765</dd>
4766<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano11821ed2011-10-19 18:42:09[diff] [blame]4767-W
4768</dt>
4769<dt class="hdlist1">
4770--function-context
4771</dt>
4772<dd>
4773<p>
Junio C Hamanob7676d52020-11-18 22:15:08[diff] [blame]4774 Show whole function as context lines for each change.
4775 The function names are determined in the same way as
4776 <code>git diff</code> works out patch hunk headers (see <em>Defining a
4777 custom hunk-header</em> in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).
Junio C Hamano11821ed2011-10-19 18:42:09[diff] [blame]4778</p>
4779</dd>
4780<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4781--ext-diff
4782</dt>
4783<dd>
4784<p>
4785 Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4786 external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need
4787 to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4788</p>
4789</dd>
4790<dt class="hdlist1">
4791--no-ext-diff
4792</dt>
4793<dd>
4794<p>
4795 Disallow external diff drivers.
4796</p>
4797</dd>
4798<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoc652aed2011-07-07 01:14:31[diff] [blame]4799--textconv
4800</dt>
4801<dt class="hdlist1">
4802--no-textconv
4803</dt>
4804<dd>
4805<p>
4806 Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4807 when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for
Junio C Hamanoc652aed2011-07-07 01:14:31[diff] [blame]4808 details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way
4809 conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human
4810 consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4811 filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and
4812 <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or
Junio C Hamanoc652aed2011-07-07 01:14:31[diff] [blame]4813 diff plumbing commands.
4814</p>
4815</dd>
4816<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4817--ignore-submodules[=&lt;when&gt;]
4818</dt>
4819<dd>
4820<p>
4821 Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. &lt;when&gt; can be
Junio C Hamanoc7102962013-05-29 23:57:17[diff] [blame]4822 either "none", "untracked", "dirty" or "all", which is the default.
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4823 Using "none" will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
4824 untracked or modified files or its HEAD differs from the commit recorded
4825 in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4826 <em>ignore</em> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4827 "untracked" is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
4828 contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
4829 content). Using "dirty" ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
4830 only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
4831 the behavior until 1.7.0). Using "all" hides all changes to submodules.
4832</p>
4833</dd>
4834<dt class="hdlist1">
4835--src-prefix=&lt;prefix&gt;
4836</dt>
4837<dd>
4838<p>
4839 Show the given source prefix instead of "a/".
4840</p>
4841</dd>
4842<dt class="hdlist1">
4843--dst-prefix=&lt;prefix&gt;
4844</dt>
4845<dd>
4846<p>
4847 Show the given destination prefix instead of "b/".
4848</p>
4849</dd>
4850<dt class="hdlist1">
4851--no-prefix
4852</dt>
4853<dd>
4854<p>
4855 Do not show any source or destination prefix.
4856</p>
4857</dd>
Junio C Hamanocd451662016-09-13 00:54:09[diff] [blame]4858<dt class="hdlist1">
4859--line-prefix=&lt;prefix&gt;
4860</dt>
4861<dd>
4862<p>
4863 Prepend an additional prefix to every line of output.
4864</p>
4865</dd>
Junio C Hamanof7017f12016-10-27 23:31:34[diff] [blame]4866<dt class="hdlist1">
4867--ita-invisible-in-index
4868</dt>
4869<dd>
4870<p>
4871 By default entries added by "git add -N" appear as an existing
4872 empty file in "git diff" and a new file in "git diff --cached".
4873 This option makes the entry appear as a new file in "git diff"
4874 and non-existent in "git diff --cached". This option could be
4875 reverted with <code>--ita-visible-in-index</code>. Both options are
4876 experimental and could be removed in future.
4877</p>
4878</dd>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4879</dl></div>
4880<div class="paragraph"><p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4881<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod2c978f2011-03-20 19:42:22[diff] [blame]4882</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]4883</div>
4884<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]4885<h2 id="_generating_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</h2>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4886<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]4887<div class="paragraph"><p>Running
4888<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>,
4889<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>,
4890<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>,
4891<a href="git-diff-index.html">git-diff-index(1)</a>,
4892<a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a>, or
4893<a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a>
4894with the <code>-p</code> option produces patch text.
4895You can customize the creation of patch text via the
Junio C Hamano558abd22020-09-03 20:22:34[diff] [blame]4896<code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> and the <code>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</code> environment variables
Junio C Hamanobe601db2021-05-07 04:20:28[diff] [blame]4897(see <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>), and the <code>diff</code> attribute (see <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]4898<div class="paragraph"><p>What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4899diff format:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]4900<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4901<li>
4902<p>
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4903It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4904</p>
4905<div class="literalblock">
4906<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4907<pre><code>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4908</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4909<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4910involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4911<code>/dev/null</code> is <em>not</em> used in place of the <code>a/</code> or <code>b/</code> filenames.</p></div>
4912<div class="paragraph"><p>When rename/copy is involved, <code>file1</code> and <code>file2</code> show the
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4913name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]4914the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4915</li>
4916<li>
4917<p>
4918It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
4919</p>
4920<div class="literalblock">
4921<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4922<pre><code>old mode &lt;mode&gt;
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4923new mode &lt;mode&gt;
4924deleted file mode &lt;mode&gt;
4925new file mode &lt;mode&gt;
4926copy from &lt;path&gt;
4927copy to &lt;path&gt;
4928rename from &lt;path&gt;
4929rename to &lt;path&gt;
4930similarity index &lt;number&gt;
4931dissimilarity index &lt;number&gt;
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4932index &lt;hash&gt;..&lt;hash&gt; &lt;mode&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4933</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]4934<div class="paragraph"><p>File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4935and file permission bits.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4936<div class="paragraph"><p>Path names in extended headers do not include the <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> prefixes.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]4937<div class="paragraph"><p>The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4938the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It
4939is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The
4940similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
4941files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
4942file made it into the new one.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]4943<div class="paragraph"><p>The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change.
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4944The &lt;mode&gt; is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
4945separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4946</li>
4947<li>
4948<p>
Junio C Hamano0f6f3bf2017-03-13 07:01:53[diff] [blame]4949Pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for
4950 the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
4951 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4952</p>
4953</li>
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4954<li>
4955<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4956All the <code>file1</code> files in the output refer to files before the
4957 commit, and all the <code>file2</code> files refer to files after the commit.
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4958 It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For
4959 example, this patch will swap a and b:
4960</p>
4961<div class="literalblock">
4962<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4963<pre><code>diff --git a/a b/b
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4964rename from a
4965rename to b
4966diff --git a/b b/a
4967rename from b
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4968rename to a</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano7f9fa862010-10-19 23:51:14[diff] [blame]4969</div></div>
4970</li>
Junio C Hamanobe601db2021-05-07 04:20:28[diff] [blame]4971<li>
4972<p>
4973Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk
4974 applies. See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in
4975 <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for details of how to tailor to this to
4976 specific languages.
4977</p>
4978</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]4979</ol></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4980</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]4981</div>
4982<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]4983<h2 id="_combined_diff_format">Combined diff format</h2>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4984<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano1dbca522015-05-22 20:48:55[diff] [blame]4985<div class="paragraph"><p>Any diff-generating command can take the <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code> option to
Junio C Hamanoc5be4cc2011-03-09 07:20:43[diff] [blame]4986produce a <em>combined diff</em> when showing a merge. This is the default
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]4987format when showing merges with <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> or
Junio C Hamano8c860d62021-02-06 01:37:47[diff] [blame]4988<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>. Note also that you can give suitable
4989<code>--diff-merges</code> option to any of these commands to force generation of
4990diffs in specific format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]4991<div class="paragraph"><p>A "combined diff" format looks like this:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4992<div class="listingblock">
4993<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]4994<pre><code>diff --combined describe.c
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]4995index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
4996--- a/describe.c
4997+++ b/describe.c
4998@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
4999 return (a_date &gt; b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
5000 }
5001
5002- static void describe(char *arg)
5003 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
5004++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
5005 {
5006 + unsigned char sha1[20];
5007 + struct commit *cmit;
5008 struct commit_list *list;
5009 static int initialized = 0;
5010 struct commit_name *n;
5011
5012 + if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) &lt; 0)
5013 + usage(describe_usage);
5014 + cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
5015 + if (!cmit)
5016 + usage(describe_usage);
5017 +
5018 if (!initialized) {
5019 initialized = 1;
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5020 for_each_ref(get_name);</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5021</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5022<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5023<li>
5024<p>
5025It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]5026 this (when the <code>-c</code> option is used):
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5027</p>
5028<div class="literalblock">
5029<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5030<pre><code>diff --combined file</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5031</div></div>
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]5032<div class="paragraph"><p>or like this (when the <code>--cc</code> option is used):</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5033<div class="literalblock">
5034<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5035<pre><code>diff --cc file</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5036</div></div>
5037</li>
5038<li>
5039<p>
5040It is followed by one or more extended header lines
5041 (this example shows a merge with two parents):
5042</p>
5043<div class="literalblock">
5044<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5045<pre><code>index &lt;hash&gt;,&lt;hash&gt;..&lt;hash&gt;
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5046mode &lt;mode&gt;,&lt;mode&gt;..&lt;mode&gt;
5047new file mode &lt;mode&gt;
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5048deleted file mode &lt;mode&gt;,&lt;mode&gt;</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5049</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5050<div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>mode &lt;mode&gt;,&lt;mode&gt;..&lt;mode&gt;</code> line appears only if at least one of
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5051the &lt;mode&gt; is different from the rest. Extended headers with
5052information about detected contents movement (renames and
5053copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5054&lt;tree-ish&gt; and are not used by combined diff format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5055</li>
5056<li>
5057<p>
5058It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
5059</p>
5060<div class="literalblock">
5061<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5062<pre><code>--- a/file
5063+++ b/file</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5064</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5065<div class="paragraph"><p>Similar to two-line header for traditional <em>unified</em> diff
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5066format, <code>/dev/null</code> is used to signal created or deleted
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5067files.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano11f15372019-03-07 03:17:00[diff] [blame]5068<div class="paragraph"><p>However, if the --combined-all-paths option is provided, instead of a
5069two-line from-file/to-file you get a N+1 line from-file/to-file header,
5070where N is the number of parents in the merge commit</p></div>
5071<div class="literalblock">
5072<div class="content">
5073<pre><code>--- a/file
5074--- a/file
5075--- a/file
5076+++ b/file</code></pre>
5077</div></div>
5078<div class="paragraph"><p>This extended format can be useful if rename or copy detection is
5079active, to allow you to see the original name of the file in different
5080parents.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5081</li>
5082<li>
5083<p>
5084Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5085 accidentally feeding it to <code>patch -p1</code>. Combined diff format
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5086 was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
Junio C Hamano48cd3f12019-10-09 05:55:30[diff] [blame]5087 meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5088 extended <em>index</em> header:
5089</p>
5090<div class="literalblock">
5091<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5092<pre><code>@@@ &lt;from-file-range&gt; &lt;from-file-range&gt; &lt;to-file-range&gt; @@@</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5093</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5094<div class="paragraph"><p>There are (number of parents + 1) <code>@</code> characters in the chunk
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5095header for combined diff format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5096</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5097</ol></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5098<div class="paragraph"><p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5099files A and B with a single column that has <code>-</code> (minus&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;appears in A but removed in B), <code>+</code> (plus&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;missing in A but
5100added to B), or <code>" "</code> (space&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;unchanged) prefix, this format
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5101compares two or more files file1, file2,&#8230; with one file X, and
5102shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5103fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X&#8217;s line is
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5104different from it.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5105<div class="paragraph"><p>A <code>-</code> character in the column N means that the line appears in
5106fileN but it does not appear in the result. A <code>+</code> character
Junio C Hamano54bf1e22008-12-20 06:30:11[diff] [blame]5107in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5108and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5109added, from the point of view of that parent).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5110<div class="paragraph"><p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5111from both files (hence two <code>-</code> removals from both file1 and
5112file2, plus <code>++</code> to mean one line that was added does not appear
Junio C Hamanod75148a2014-04-08 19:48:38[diff] [blame]5113in either file1 or file2). Also eight other lines are the same
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5114from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <code>+</code>).</p></div>
5115<div class="paragraph"><p>When shown by <code>git diff-tree -c</code>, it compares the parents of a
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5116merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5117parents). When shown by <code>git diff-files -c</code>, it compares the
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5118two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
5119(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5120"their version").</p></div>
Junio C Hamano00b8b632007-12-07 09:50:49[diff] [blame]5121</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]5122</div>
5123<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano58f587a2013-07-22 19:20:59[diff] [blame]5124<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5125<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5126<div class="dlist"><dl>
5127<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5128<code>git log --no-merges</code>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5129</dt>
5130<dd>
5131<p>
5132 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
5133</p>
5134</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5135<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5136<code>git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi</code>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5137</dt>
5138<dd>
5139<p>
5140 Show all commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed any file
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5141 in the <code>include/scsi</code> or <code>drivers/scsi</code> subdirectories
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5142</p>
5143</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5144<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5145<code>git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk</code>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5146</dt>
5147<dd>
5148<p>
5149 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
Junio C Hamanoccb82522018-05-08 07:52:09[diff] [blame]5150 The <code>--</code> is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5151 <em>gitk</em>
5152</p>
5153</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5154<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5155<code>git log --name-status release..test</code>
Junio C Hamanoba7c8d82006-04-15 06:17:42[diff] [blame]5156</dt>
5157<dd>
5158<p>
5159 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
5160 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
5161 each commit modifies.
5162</p>
5163</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5164<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5165<code>git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c</code>
Junio C Hamano235d53f2007-07-13 00:25:15[diff] [blame]5166</dt>
5167<dd>
5168<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5169 Shows the commits that changed <code>builtin/rev-list.c</code>, including
Junio C Hamano235d53f2007-07-13 00:25:15[diff] [blame]5170 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
5171 present name.
5172</p>
5173</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5174<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5175<code>git log --branches --not --remotes=origin</code>
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]5176</dt>
5177<dd>
5178<p>
5179 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
Junio C Hamano97bcb482010-11-25 03:16:07[diff] [blame]5180 any of remote-tracking branches for <em>origin</em> (what you have that
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5181 origin doesn&#8217;t).
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]5182</p>
5183</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5184<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5185<code>git log master --not --remotes=*/master</code>
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50[diff] [blame]5186</dt>
5187<dd>
5188<p>
5189 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
5190 repository master branches.
5191</p>
5192</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5193<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5194<code>git log -p -m --first-parent</code>
Junio C Hamano31667362010-03-25 00:38:53[diff] [blame]5195</dt>
5196<dd>
5197<p>
5198 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]5199 &#8220;main branch&#8221; perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
Junio C Hamano31667362010-03-25 00:38:53[diff] [blame]5200 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
5201 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
5202 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
5203</p>
5204</dd>
Junio C Hamano693e7092012-09-12 22:56:53[diff] [blame]5205<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5206<code>git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c</code>
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]5207</dt>
5208<dd>
5209<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5210 Shows how the function <code>main()</code> in the file <code>main.c</code> evolved
Junio C Hamano7e590a12013-06-02 23:46:52[diff] [blame]5211 over time.
5212</p>
5213</dd>
5214<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5215<code>git log -3</code>
Junio C Hamano693e7092012-09-12 22:56:53[diff] [blame]5216</dt>
5217<dd>
5218<p>
5219 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
5220</p>
5221</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5222</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5223</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]5224</div>
5225<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano58f587a2013-07-22 19:20:59[diff] [blame]5226<h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5227<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanod7ed4042015-08-03 19:43:00[diff] [blame]5228<div class="paragraph"><p>Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5229<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5230<li>
5231<p>
Junio C Hamano54bf1e22008-12-20 06:30:11[diff] [blame]5232The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5233 of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core
5234 level.
5235</p>
5236</li>
5237<li>
5238<p>
Junio C Hamanod7ed4042015-08-03 19:43:00[diff] [blame]5239Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This
5240 applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as
5241 path names in command line arguments, environment variables
5242 and config files (<code>.git/config</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>),
5243 <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>, <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> and
5244 <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>).
5245</p>
5246<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as
5247sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding
5248conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using
5249non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file
5250systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However,
5251repositories created on such systems will not work properly on
5252UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa.
5253Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to
5254be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.</p></div>
5255</li>
5256<li>
5257<p>
5258Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other
5259 extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes
5260 ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but <em>not</em> UTF-16/32,
5261 EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5,
5262 EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5263</p>
5264</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5265</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5266<div class="paragraph"><p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
Junio C Hamano076ffcc2013-02-06 05:13:21[diff] [blame]5267in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5268force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular
Junio C Hamano076ffcc2013-02-06 05:13:21[diff] [blame]5269project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5270does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5271mind.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5272<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5273<li>
5274<p>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]5275<em>git commit</em> and <em>git commit-tree</em> issues
Junio C Hamano14b76482008-01-05 10:32:26[diff] [blame]5276 a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5277 like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
5278 project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to
Junio C Hamanoa372d5b2021-02-26 01:34:37[diff] [blame]5279 have <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5280</p>
5281<div class="listingblock">
5282<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5283<pre><code>[i18n]
Junio C Hamanobb34c102017-07-21 22:42:28[diff] [blame]5284 commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5285</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5286<div class="paragraph"><p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
Junio C Hamanobb34c102017-07-21 22:42:28[diff] [blame]5287of <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in its <code>encoding</code> header. This is to
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5288help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5289implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5290</li>
5291<li>
5292<p>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]5293<em>git log</em>, <em>git show</em>, <em>git blame</em> and friends look at the
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5294 <code>encoding</code> header of a commit object, and try to re-code the
Junio C Hamanoaa17c7c2008-11-03 04:36:58[diff] [blame]5295 log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5296 specify the desired output encoding with
Junio C Hamanobb34c102017-07-21 22:42:28[diff] [blame]5297 <code>i18n.logOutputEncoding</code> in <code>.git/config</code> file, like this:
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5298</p>
5299<div class="listingblock">
5300<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5301<pre><code>[i18n]
Junio C Hamanobb34c102017-07-21 22:42:28[diff] [blame]5302 logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1</code></pre>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5303</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5304<div class="paragraph"><p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
Junio C Hamanobb34c102017-07-21 22:42:28[diff] [blame]5305<code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> is used instead.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5306</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5307</ol></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5308<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5309message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
5310object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5311reversible operation.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]5312</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]5313</div>
5314<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamano58f587a2013-07-22 19:20:59[diff] [blame]5315<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5316<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]5317<div class="paragraph"><p>See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for core variables and <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5318for settings related to diff generation.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5319<div class="dlist"><dl>
5320<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5321format.pretty
5322</dt>
5323<dd>
5324<p>
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5325 Default for the <code>--format</code> option. (See <em>Pretty Formats</em> above.)
5326 Defaults to <code>medium</code>.
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5327</p>
5328</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5329<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5330i18n.logOutputEncoding
5331</dt>
5332<dd>
5333<p>
Junio C Hamanob73af6c2013-12-03 22:07:11[diff] [blame]5334 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See <em>Discussion</em> above.)
Junio C Hamanoac12f0e2014-09-19 22:32:51[diff] [blame]5335 Defaults to the value of <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> if set, and UTF-8
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5336 otherwise.
5337</p>
5338</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5339</dl></div>
5340<div class="paragraph"><p>Everything above this line in this section isn&#8217;t included from the
5341<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content that follows is the
5342same as what&#8217;s found there:</p></div>
5343<div class="dlist"><dl>
5344<dt class="hdlist1">
5345log.abbrevCommit
5346</dt>
5347<dd>
5348<p>
5349 If true, makes <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>, and
5350 <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a> assume <code>--abbrev-commit</code>. You may
5351 override this option with <code>--no-abbrev-commit</code>.
5352</p>
5353</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5354<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5355log.date
5356</dt>
5357<dd>
5358<p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5359 Set the default date-time mode for the <em>log</em> command.
5360 Setting a value for log.date is similar to using <em>git log</em>'s
5361 <code>--date</code> option. See <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> for details.
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5362</p>
Junio C Hamano23168ef2019-02-07 07:20:47[diff] [blame]5363<div class="paragraph"><p>If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
5364"foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
5365be used.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5366</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5367<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5368log.decorate
5369</dt>
5370<dd>
5371<p>
5372 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown by the log
5373 command. If <em>short</em> is specified, the ref name prefixes <em>refs/heads/</em>,
5374 <em>refs/tags/</em> and <em>refs/remotes/</em> will not be printed. If <em>full</em> is
5375 specified, the full ref name (including prefix) will be printed.
5376 If <em>auto</em> is specified, then if the output is going to a terminal,
5377 the ref names are shown as if <em>short</em> were given, otherwise no ref
5378 names are shown. This is the same as the <code>--decorate</code> option
5379 of the <code>git log</code>.
5380</p>
5381</dd>
5382<dt class="hdlist1">
5383log.initialDecorationSet
5384</dt>
5385<dd>
5386<p>
5387 By default, <code>git log</code> only shows decorations for certain known ref
5388 namespaces. If <em>all</em> is specified, then show all refs as
5389 decorations.
5390</p>
5391</dd>
5392<dt class="hdlist1">
5393log.excludeDecoration
5394</dt>
5395<dd>
5396<p>
5397 Exclude the specified patterns from the log decorations. This is
5398 similar to the <code>--decorate-refs-exclude</code> command-line option, but
5399 the config option can be overridden by the <code>--decorate-refs</code>
5400 option.
5401</p>
5402</dd>
5403<dt class="hdlist1">
5404log.diffMerges
5405</dt>
5406<dd>
5407<p>
5408 Set default diff format to be used for merge commits. See
5409 <code>--diff-merges</code> in <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> for details.
5410 Defaults to <code>separate</code>.
5411</p>
5412</dd>
5413<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod7ed4042015-08-03 19:43:00[diff] [blame]5414log.follow
5415</dt>
5416<dd>
5417<p>
Junio C Hamanob0a1e832015-10-15 23:08:31[diff] [blame]5418 If <code>true</code>, <code>git log</code> will act as if the <code>--follow</code> option was used when
5419 a single &lt;path&gt; is given. This has the same limitations as <code>--follow</code>,
5420 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
5421 on non-linear history.
Junio C Hamanod7ed4042015-08-03 19:43:00[diff] [blame]5422</p>
5423</dd>
5424<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5425log.graphColors
5426</dt>
5427<dd>
5428<p>
5429 A list of colors, separated by commas, that can be used to draw
5430 history lines in <code>git log --graph</code>.
5431</p>
5432</dd>
5433<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano322c6242015-03-23 21:32:46[diff] [blame]5434log.showRoot
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5435</dt>
5436<dd>
5437<p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5438 If true, the initial commit will be shown as a big creation event.
5439 This is equivalent to a diff against an empty tree.
5440 Tools like <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> or <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a>, which
5441 normally hide the root commit will now show it. True by default.
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5442</p>
5443</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5444<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano48931e22016-07-11 20:08:47[diff] [blame]5445log.showSignature
5446</dt>
5447<dd>
5448<p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5449 If true, makes <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>, and
5450 <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a> assume <code>--show-signature</code>.
Junio C Hamano48931e22016-07-11 20:08:47[diff] [blame]5451</p>
5452</dd>
5453<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5454log.mailmap
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5455</dt>
5456<dd>
5457<p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5458 If true, makes <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, <a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>, and
5459 <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a> assume <code>--use-mailmap</code>, otherwise
5460 assume <code>--no-use-mailmap</code>. True by default.
5461</p>
5462</dd>
5463<dt class="hdlist1">
5464notes.mergeStrategy
5465</dt>
5466<dd>
5467<p>
5468 Which merge strategy to choose by default when resolving notes
5469 conflicts. Must be one of <code>manual</code>, <code>ours</code>, <code>theirs</code>, <code>union</code>, or
5470 <code>cat_sort_uniq</code>. Defaults to <code>manual</code>. See "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES"
5471 section of <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a> for more information on each strategy.
5472</p>
5473<div class="paragraph"><p>This setting can be overridden by passing the <code>--strategy</code> option to
5474<a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>.</p></div>
5475</dd>
5476<dt class="hdlist1">
5477notes.&lt;name&gt;.mergeStrategy
5478</dt>
5479<dd>
5480<p>
5481 Which merge strategy to choose when doing a notes merge into
5482 refs/notes/&lt;name&gt;. This overrides the more general
5483 "notes.mergeStrategy". See the "NOTES MERGE STRATEGIES" section in
5484 <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a> for more information on the available strategies.
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5485</p>
5486</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59[diff] [blame]5487<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5488notes.displayRef
5489</dt>
5490<dd>
5491<p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5492 Which ref (or refs, if a glob or specified more than once), in
5493 addition to the default set by <code>core.notesRef</code> or
5494 <code>GIT_NOTES_REF</code>, to read notes from when showing commit
5495 messages with the <em>git log</em> family of commands.
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5496</p>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5497<div class="paragraph"><p>This setting can be overridden with the <code>GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF</code>
5498environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
5499globs.</p></div>
5500<div class="paragraph"><p>A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5501but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5502<div class="paragraph"><p>This setting can be disabled by the <code>--no-notes</code> option to the <em>git
5503log</em> family of commands, or by the <code>--notes=&lt;ref&gt;</code> option accepted by
5504those commands.</p></div>
5505<div class="paragraph"><p>The effective value of "core.notesRef" (possibly overridden by
5506GIT_NOTES_REF) is also implicitly added to the list of refs to be
5507displayed.</p></div>
5508</dd>
5509<dt class="hdlist1">
5510notes.rewrite.&lt;command&gt;
5511</dt>
5512<dd>
5513<p>
5514 When rewriting commits with &lt;command&gt; (currently <code>amend</code> or
5515 <code>rebase</code>), if this variable is <code>false</code>, git will not copy
5516 notes from the original to the rewritten commit. Defaults to
5517 <code>true</code>. See also "<code>notes.rewriteRef</code>" below.
5518</p>
5519<div class="paragraph"><p>This setting can be overridden with the <code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF</code>
5520environment variable, which must be a colon separated list of refs or
5521globs.</p></div>
5522</dd>
5523<dt class="hdlist1">
5524notes.rewriteMode
5525</dt>
5526<dd>
5527<p>
5528 When copying notes during a rewrite (see the
5529 "notes.rewrite.&lt;command&gt;" option), determines what to do if
5530 the target commit already has a note. Must be one of
5531 <code>overwrite</code>, <code>concatenate</code>, <code>cat_sort_uniq</code>, or <code>ignore</code>.
5532 Defaults to <code>concatenate</code>.
5533</p>
5534<div class="paragraph"><p>This setting can be overridden with the <code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_MODE</code>
5535environment variable.</p></div>
5536</dd>
5537<dt class="hdlist1">
5538notes.rewriteRef
5539</dt>
5540<dd>
5541<p>
5542 When copying notes during a rewrite, specifies the (fully
5543 qualified) ref whose notes should be copied. May be a glob,
5544 in which case notes in all matching refs will be copied. You
5545 may also specify this configuration several times.
5546</p>
5547<div class="paragraph"><p>Does not have a default value; you must configure this variable to
5548enable note rewriting. Set it to <code>refs/notes/commits</code> to enable
5549rewriting for the default commit notes.</p></div>
5550<div class="paragraph"><p>Can be overridden with the <code>GIT_NOTES_REWRITE_REF</code> environment variable.
5551See <code>notes.rewrite.&lt;command&gt;</code> above for a further description of its format.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10[diff] [blame]5552</dd>
5553</dl></div>
5554</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]5555</div>
5556<div class="sect1">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]5557<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5558<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23[diff] [blame]5559<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5560</div>
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]5561</div>
Junio C Hamano9629d4f2012-12-19 00:28:27[diff] [blame]5562</div>
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22[diff] [blame]5563<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5564<div id="footer">
5565<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamano2ef0ba32018-01-26 23:13:53[diff] [blame]5566Last updated
Junio C Hamanoba8baee2022-09-14 20:25:23[diff] [blame^]5567 2022-09-14 13:23:11 PDT
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]5568</div>
5569</div>
5570</body>
5571</html>