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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / b358e217ee50e22d66a3a5ababe7e84c41d553c4 / . / gitcvs-migration.html
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Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]1<!DOCTYPE html>
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Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]8<title>gitcvs-migration(7)</title>
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Junio C Hamanod6a33e42025-02-18 23:45:11[diff] [blame]331sup.footnote a:active,sup.footnoteref a:active,#footnotes .footnote a:first-of-type:active{text-decoration:underline}
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442<body class="manpage">
443<div id="header">
444<h1>gitcvs-migration(7) Manual Page</h1>
445<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
446<div class="sectionbody">
447<p>gitcvs-migration - Git for CVS users</p>
448</div>
449</div>
450<div id="content">
451<div class="sect1">
452<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
453<div class="sectionbody">
454<div class="verseblock">
455<pre class="content"><em>git cvsimport</em> *</pre>
456</div>
457</div>
458</div>
459<div class="sect1">
460<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
461<div class="sectionbody">
462<div class="paragraph">
463<p>Git differs from CVS in that every working tree contains a repository with
464a full copy of the project history, and no repository is inherently more
465important than any other. However, you can emulate the CVS model by
466designating a single shared repository which people can synchronize with;
467this document explains how to do that.</p>
468</div>
469<div class="paragraph">
470<p>Some basic familiarity with Git is required. Having gone through
471<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a> and
472<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a> should be sufficient.</p>
473</div>
474</div>
475</div>
476<div class="sect1">
477<h2 id="_developing_against_a_shared_repository">Developing against a shared repository</h2>
478<div class="sectionbody">
479<div class="paragraph">
480<p>Suppose a shared repository is set up in /pub/repo.git on the host
481foo.com. Then as an individual committer you can clone the shared
482repository over ssh with:</p>
483</div>
484<div class="listingblock">
485<div class="content">
486<pre>$ git clone foo.com:/pub/repo.git/ my-project
487$ cd my-project</pre>
488</div>
489</div>
490<div class="paragraph">
491<p>and hack away. The equivalent of <em>cvs update</em> is</p>
492</div>
493<div class="listingblock">
494<div class="content">
495<pre>$ git pull origin</pre>
496</div>
497</div>
498<div class="paragraph">
499<p>which merges in any work that others might have done since the clone
500operation. If there are uncommitted changes in your working tree, commit
501them first before running git pull.</p>
502</div>
503<div class="admonitionblock note">
504<table>
505<tr>
506<td class="icon">
507<div class="title">Note</div>
508</td>
509<td class="content">
510<div class="paragraph">
511<p>The <em>pull</em> command knows where to get updates from because of certain
512configuration variables that were set by the first <em>git clone</em>
Junio C Hamanodc392382024-10-11 18:57:29[diff] [blame]513command; see <code>git</code> <code>config</code> <code>-l</code> and the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> man
Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]514page for details.</p>
515</div>
516</td>
517</tr>
518</table>
519</div>
520<div class="paragraph">
521<p>You can update the shared repository with your changes by first committing
522your changes, and then using the <em>git push</em> command:</p>
523</div>
524<div class="listingblock">
525<div class="content">
526<pre>$ git push origin master</pre>
527</div>
528</div>
529<div class="paragraph">
530<p>to "push" those commits to the shared repository. If someone else has
531updated the repository more recently, <em>git push</em>, like <em>cvs commit</em>, will
532complain, in which case you must pull any changes before attempting the
533push again.</p>
534</div>
535<div class="paragraph">
536<p>In the <em>git push</em> command above we specify the name of the remote branch
537to update (<code>master</code>). If we leave that out, <em>git push</em> tries to update
538any branches in the remote repository that have the same name as a branch
539in the local repository. So the last <em>push</em> can be done with either of:</p>
540</div>
541<div class="listingblock">
542<div class="content">
543<pre>$ git push origin
544$ git push foo.com:/pub/project.git/</pre>
545</div>
546</div>
547<div class="paragraph">
548<p>as long as the shared repository does not have any branches
549other than <code>master</code>.</p>
550</div>
551</div>
552</div>
553<div class="sect1">
554<h2 id="_setting_up_a_shared_repository">Setting Up a Shared Repository</h2>
555<div class="sectionbody">
556<div class="paragraph">
557<p>We assume you have already created a Git repository for your project,
558possibly created from scratch or from a tarball (see
559<a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>), or imported from an already existing CVS
560repository (see the next section).</p>
561</div>
562<div class="paragraph">
563<p>Assume your existing repo is at /home/alice/myproject. Create a new "bare"
564repository (a repository without a working tree) and fetch your project into
565it:</p>
566</div>
567<div class="listingblock">
568<div class="content">
569<pre>$ mkdir /pub/my-repo.git
570$ cd /pub/my-repo.git
571$ git --bare init --shared
572$ git --bare fetch /home/alice/myproject master:master</pre>
573</div>
574</div>
575<div class="paragraph">
576<p>Next, give every team member read/write access to this repository. One
577easy way to do this is to give all the team members ssh access to the
578machine where the repository is hosted. If you don&#8217;t want to give them a
579full shell on the machine, there is a restricted shell which only allows
580users to do Git pushes and pulls; see <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a>.</p>
581</div>
582<div class="paragraph">
583<p>Put all the committers in the same group, and make the repository
584writable by that group:</p>
585</div>
586<div class="listingblock">
587<div class="content">
588<pre>$ chgrp -R $group /pub/my-repo.git</pre>
589</div>
590</div>
591<div class="paragraph">
592<p>Make sure committers have a umask of at most 027, so that the directories
593they create are writable and searchable by other group members.</p>
594</div>
595</div>
596</div>
597<div class="sect1">
598<h2 id="_importing_a_cvs_archive">Importing a CVS archive</h2>
599<div class="sectionbody">
600<div class="admonitionblock note">
601<table>
602<tr>
603<td class="icon">
604<div class="title">Note</div>
605</td>
606<td class="content">
607These instructions use the <code>git-cvsimport</code> script which ships with
608git, but other importers may provide better results. See the note in
609<a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a> for other options.
610</td>
611</tr>
612</table>
613</div>
614<div class="paragraph">
615<p>First, install version 2.1 or higher of cvsps from
616<a href="https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps">https://github.com/andreyvit/cvsps</a> and make
617sure it is in your path. Then cd to a checked out CVS working directory
618of the project you are interested in and run <a href="git-cvsimport.html">git-cvsimport(1)</a>:</p>
619</div>
620<div class="listingblock">
621<div class="content">
622<pre>$ git cvsimport -C &lt;destination&gt; &lt;module&gt;</pre>
623</div>
624</div>
625<div class="paragraph">
626<p>This puts a Git archive of the named CVS module in the directory
627&lt;destination&gt;, which will be created if necessary.</p>
628</div>
629<div class="paragraph">
630<p>The import checks out from CVS every revision of every file. Reportedly
631cvsimport can average some twenty revisions per second, so for a
632medium-sized project this should not take more than a couple of minutes.
633Larger projects or remote repositories may take longer.</p>
634</div>
635<div class="paragraph">
636<p>The main trunk is stored in the Git branch named <code>origin</code>, and additional
637CVS branches are stored in Git branches with the same names. The most
638recent version of the main trunk is also left checked out on the <code>master</code>
639branch, so you can start adding your own changes right away.</p>
640</div>
641<div class="paragraph">
642<p>The import is incremental, so if you call it again next month it will
643fetch any CVS updates that have been made in the meantime. For this to
644work, you must not modify the imported branches; instead, create new
645branches for your own changes, and merge in the imported branches as
646necessary.</p>
647</div>
648<div class="paragraph">
649<p>If you want a shared repository, you will need to make a bare clone
650of the imported directory, as described above. Then treat the imported
651directory as another development clone for purposes of merging
652incremental imports.</p>
653</div>
654</div>
655</div>
656<div class="sect1">
657<h2 id="_advanced_shared_repository_management">Advanced Shared Repository Management</h2>
658<div class="sectionbody">
659<div class="paragraph">
660<p>Git allows you to specify scripts called "hooks" to be run at certain
661points. You can use these, for example, to send all commits to the shared
662repository to a mailing list. See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.</p>
663</div>
664<div class="paragraph">
665<p>You can enforce finer grained permissions using update hooks. See
666<a href="howto/update-hook-example.html">Controlling access to branches using
667update hooks</a>.</p>
668</div>
669</div>
670</div>
671<div class="sect1">
672<h2 id="_providing_cvs_access_to_a_git_repository">Providing CVS Access to a Git Repository</h2>
673<div class="sectionbody">
674<div class="paragraph">
675<p>It is also possible to provide true CVS access to a Git repository, so
676that developers can still use CVS; see <a href="git-cvsserver.html">git-cvsserver(1)</a> for
677details.</p>
678</div>
679</div>
680</div>
681<div class="sect1">
682<h2 id="_alternative_development_models">Alternative Development Models</h2>
683<div class="sectionbody">
684<div class="paragraph">
685<p>CVS users are accustomed to giving a group of developers commit access to
686a common repository. As we&#8217;ve seen, this is also possible with Git.
687However, the distributed nature of Git allows other development models,
688and you may want to first consider whether one of them might be a better
689fit for your project.</p>
690</div>
691<div class="paragraph">
692<p>For example, you can choose a single person to maintain the project&#8217;s
693primary public repository. Other developers then clone this repository
694and each work in their own clone. When they have a series of changes that
695they&#8217;re happy with, they ask the maintainer to pull from the branch
696containing the changes. The maintainer reviews their changes and pulls
697them into the primary repository, which other developers pull from as
698necessary to stay coordinated. The Linux kernel and other projects use
699variants of this model.</p>
700</div>
701<div class="paragraph">
702<p>With a small group, developers may just pull changes from each other&#8217;s
703repositories without the need for a central maintainer.</p>
704</div>
705</div>
706</div>
707<div class="sect1">
708<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
709<div class="sectionbody">
710<div class="paragraph">
711<p><a href="gittutorial.html">gittutorial(7)</a>,
712<a href="gittutorial-2.html">gittutorial-2(7)</a>,
713<a href="gitcore-tutorial.html">gitcore-tutorial(7)</a>,
714<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>,
715<a href="giteveryday.html">giteveryday(7)</a>,
716<a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p>
717</div>
718</div>
719</div>
720<div class="sect1">
721<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
722<div class="sectionbody">
723<div class="paragraph">
724<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
725</div>
726</div>
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730<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamanod6a33e42025-02-18 23:45:11[diff] [blame]731Last updated 2025-02-14 21:38:14 -0800
Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]732</div>
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735</html>