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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / a74e4c319c25bbf547ffb840f4e84d8e709291c5 / . / git-http-backend.html
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Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]402</head>
403<body>
404<div id="header">
405<h1>
406git-http-backend(1) Manual Page
407</h1>
408<h2>NAME</h2>
409<div class="sectionbody">
410<p>git-http-backend -
411 Server side implementation of Git over HTTP
412</p>
413</div>
414</div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]415<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]416<div class="sectionbody">
417<div class="verseblock">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]418<div class="verseblock-content"><em>git http-backend</em></div>
419<div class="verseblock-attribution">
420</div></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]421</div>
422<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
423<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]424<div class="paragraph"><p>A simple CGI program to serve the contents of a Git repository to Git
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]425clients accessing the repository over http:// and https:// protocols.
Junio C Hamano167b1382010-01-31 23:04:31[diff] [blame]426The program supports clients fetching using both the smart HTTP protocol
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]427and the backwards-compatible dumb HTTP protocol, as well as clients
428pushing using the smart HTTP protocol.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]429<div class="paragraph"><p>It verifies that the directory has the magic file
Junio C Hamano6ce6b6c2010-01-18 01:25:50[diff] [blame]430"git-daemon-export-ok", and it will refuse to export any git directory
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]431that hasn&#8217;t explicitly been marked for export this way (unless the
Junio C Hamano6ce6b6c2010-01-18 01:25:50[diff] [blame]432GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable is set).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]433<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, only the <tt>upload-pack</tt> service is enabled, which serves
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]434<em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients, which are invoked from
435<em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em>, and <em>git clone</em>. If the client is authenticated,
436the <tt>receive-pack</tt> service is enabled, which serves <em>git send-pack</em>
437clients, which is invoked from <em>git push</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]438</div>
439<h2 id="_services">SERVICES</h2>
440<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]441<div class="paragraph"><p>These services can be enabled/disabled using the per-repository
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]442configuration file:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]443<div class="dlist"><dl>
444<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]445http.getanyfile
446</dt>
447<dd>
448<p>
Junio C Hamano1f630d52010-04-01 04:49:25[diff] [blame]449 This serves Git clients older than version 1.6.6 that are unable to use the
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]450 upload pack service. When enabled, clients are able to read
451 any file within the repository, including objects that are
452 no longer reachable from a branch but are still present.
453 It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
454 by setting this configuration item to <tt>false</tt>.
455</p>
456</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]457<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]458http.uploadpack
459</dt>
460<dd>
461<p>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]462 This serves <em>git fetch-pack</em> and <em>git ls-remote</em> clients.
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]463 It is enabled by default, but a repository can disable it
464 by setting this configuration item to <tt>false</tt>.
465</p>
466</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]467<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]468http.receivepack
469</dt>
470<dd>
471<p>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]472 This serves <em>git send-pack</em> clients, allowing push. It is
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]473 disabled by default for anonymous users, and enabled by
474 default for users authenticated by the web server. It can be
475 disabled by setting this item to <tt>false</tt>, or enabled for all
476 users, including anonymous users, by setting it to <tt>true</tt>.
477</p>
478</dd>
479</dl></div>
480</div>
481<h2 id="_url_translation">URL TRANSLATION</h2>
482<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]483<div class="paragraph"><p>To determine the location of the repository on disk, <em>git http-backend</em>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]484concatenates the environment variables PATH_INFO, which is set
485automatically by the web server, and GIT_PROJECT_ROOT, which must be set
486manually in the web server configuration. If GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is not
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]487set, <em>git http-backend</em> reads PATH_TRANSLATED, which is also set
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]488automatically by the web server.</p></div>
489</div>
490<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
491<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]492<div class="paragraph"><p>All of the following examples map <em>http://$hostname/git/foo/bar.git</em>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]493to <em>/var/www/git/foo/bar.git</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]494<div class="dlist"><dl>
495<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]496Apache 2.x
497</dt>
498<dd>
499<p>
500 Ensure mod_cgi, mod_alias, and mod_env are enabled, set
501 GIT_PROJECT_ROOT (or DocumentRoot) appropriately, and
502 create a ScriptAlias to the CGI:
503</p>
504<div class="listingblock">
505<div class="content">
506<pre><tt>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
Junio C Hamano6ce6b6c2010-01-18 01:25:50[diff] [blame]507SetEnv GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]508ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/</tt></pre>
509</div></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]510<div class="paragraph"><p>To enable anonymous read access but authenticated write access,
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]511require authorization with a LocationMatch directive:</p></div>
512<div class="listingblock">
513<div class="content">
514<pre><tt>&lt;LocationMatch "^/git/.*/git-receive-pack$"&gt;
515 AuthType Basic
516 AuthName "Git Access"
517 Require group committers
518 ...
519&lt;/LocationMatch&gt;</tt></pre>
520</div></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]521<div class="paragraph"><p>To require authentication for both reads and writes, use a Location
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]522directive around the repository, or one of its parent directories:</p></div>
523<div class="listingblock">
524<div class="content">
525<pre><tt>&lt;Location /git/private&gt;
526 AuthType Basic
527 AuthName "Private Git Access"
528 Require group committers
529 ...
530&lt;/Location&gt;</tt></pre>
531</div></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]532<div class="paragraph"><p>To serve gitweb at the same url, use a ScriptAliasMatch to only
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]533those URLs that <em>git http-backend</em> can handle, and forward the
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]534rest to gitweb:</p></div>
535<div class="listingblock">
536<div class="content">
537<pre><tt>ScriptAliasMatch \
538 "(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
539 info/refs | \
540 objects/(info/[^/]+ | \
541 [0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38} | \
542 pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}\.(pack|idx)) | \
543 git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
544 /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
545
546ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</tt></pre>
547</div></div>
Junio C Hamanof7279012011-08-18 06:13:13[diff] [blame]548<div class="paragraph"><p>To serve multiple repositories from different <a href="gitnamespaces.html">gitnamespaces(7)</a> in a
549single repository:</p></div>
550<div class="listingblock">
551<div class="content">
552<pre><tt>SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/git/([^/]*)" GIT_NAMESPACE=$1
553ScriptAliasMatch ^/git/[^/]*(.*) /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/storage.git$1</tt></pre>
554</div></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]555</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]556<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]557Accelerated static Apache 2.x
558</dt>
559<dd>
560<p>
561 Similar to the above, but Apache can be used to return static
562 files that are stored on disk. On many systems this may
563 be more efficient as Apache can ask the kernel to copy the
564 file contents from the file system directly to the network:
565</p>
566<div class="listingblock">
567<div class="content">
568<pre><tt>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
569
570AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
571AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
572ScriptAlias /git/ /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/</tt></pre>
573</div></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]574<div class="paragraph"><p>This can be combined with the gitweb configuration:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]575<div class="listingblock">
576<div class="content">
577<pre><tt>SetEnv GIT_PROJECT_ROOT /var/www/git
578
579AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/[0-9a-f]{2}/[0-9a-f]{38})$ /var/www/git/$1
580AliasMatch ^/git/(.*/objects/pack/pack-[0-9a-f]{40}.(pack|idx))$ /var/www/git/$1
581ScriptAliasMatch \
582 "(?x)^/git/(.*/(HEAD | \
583 info/refs | \
584 objects/info/[^/]+ | \
585 git-(upload|receive)-pack))$" \
586 /usr/libexec/git-core/git-http-backend/$1
587ScriptAlias /git/ /var/www/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi/</tt></pre>
588</div></div>
589</dd>
590</dl></div>
591</div>
592<h2 id="_environment">ENVIRONMENT</h2>
593<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]594<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git http-backend</em> relies upon the CGI environment variables set
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]595by the invoking web server, including:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]596<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]597<li>
598<p>
599PATH_INFO (if GIT_PROJECT_ROOT is set, otherwise PATH_TRANSLATED)
600</p>
601</li>
602<li>
603<p>
604REMOTE_USER
605</p>
606</li>
607<li>
608<p>
609REMOTE_ADDR
610</p>
611</li>
612<li>
613<p>
614CONTENT_TYPE
615</p>
616</li>
617<li>
618<p>
619QUERY_STRING
620</p>
621</li>
622<li>
623<p>
624REQUEST_METHOD
625</p>
626</li>
627</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]628<div class="paragraph"><p>The GIT_HTTP_EXPORT_ALL environmental variable may be passed to
Junio C Hamano6ce6b6c2010-01-18 01:25:50[diff] [blame]629<em>git-http-backend</em> to bypass the check for the "git-daemon-export-ok"
630file in each repository before allowing export of that repository.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]631<div class="paragraph"><p>The backend process sets GIT_COMMITTER_NAME to <em>$REMOTE_USER</em> and
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]632GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL to <em>${REMOTE_USER}@http.${REMOTE_ADDR}</em>,
633ensuring that any reflogs created by <em>git-receive-pack</em> contain some
634identifying information of the remote user who performed the push.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]635<div class="paragraph"><p>All CGI environment variables are available to each of the hooks
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]636invoked by the <em>git-receive-pack</em>.</p></div>
637</div>
638<h2 id="_author">Author</h2>
639<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]640<div class="paragraph"><p>Written by Shawn O. Pearce &lt;<a href="mailto:spearce@spearce.org">spearce@spearce.org</a>&gt;.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]641</div>
642<h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2>
643<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]644<div class="paragraph"><p>Documentation by Shawn O. Pearce &lt;<a href="mailto:spearce@spearce.org">spearce@spearce.org</a>&gt;.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]645</div>
646<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
647<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45[diff] [blame]648<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]649</div>
650<div id="footer">
651<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamanof7279012011-08-18 06:13:13[diff] [blame]652Last updated 2011-08-18 06:09:28 UTC
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:37[diff] [blame]653</div>
654</div>
655</body>
656</html>