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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / 85c44a9175871f71ce4f18363a471d0eca43fb08 / . / git-push.html
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Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]275/* Workarounds for IE6's broken and incomplete CSS2. */
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Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]306</style>
307<title>git-push(1)</title>
308</head>
309<body>
310<div id="header">
311<h1>
312git-push(1) Manual Page
313</h1>
314<h2>NAME</h2>
315<div class="sectionbody">
316<p>git-push -
Junio C Hamano01078922006-03-10 00:31:47[diff] [blame]317 Update remote refs along with associated objects
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]318</p>
319</div>
320</div>
321<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
322<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoa9b8d242007-05-19 04:51:55[diff] [blame]323<div class="verseblock">
Junio C Hamanod6fff402009-09-14 09:40:50[diff] [blame]324<div class="content"><em>git push</em> [--all | --mirror | --tags] [-n | --dry-run] [--receive-pack=&lt;git-receive-pack&gt;]
Junio C Hamanoa9701f02010-01-21 00:42:16[diff] [blame]325 [--repo=&lt;repository&gt;] [-f | --force] [-v | --verbose] [-u | --set-upstream]
Junio C Hamano7f80ae82008-07-30 18:31:35[diff] [blame]326 [&lt;repository&gt; &lt;refspec&gt;&#8230;]</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]327</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]328<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]329<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]330<div class="para"><p>Updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects
331necessary to complete the given refs.</p></div>
332<div class="para"><p>You can make interesting things happen to a repository
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]333every time you push into it, by setting up <em>hooks</em> there. See
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]334documentation for <a href="git-receive-pack.html">git-receive-pack(1)</a>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]335</div>
Junio C Hamanoea82cff2009-03-18 01:54:48[diff] [blame]336<h2 id="_options_a_id_options_a">OPTIONS<a id="OPTIONS"></a></h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]337<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]338<div class="vlist"><dl>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]339<dt>
340&lt;repository&gt;
341</dt>
342<dd>
343<p>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]344 The "remote" repository that is destination of a push
Junio C Hamanocc0cb312009-01-22 03:38:50[diff] [blame]345 operation. This parameter can be either a URL
346 (see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
347 of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]348</p>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]349</dd>
350<dt>
Junio C Hamano7f80ae82008-07-30 18:31:35[diff] [blame]351&lt;refspec&gt;&#8230;
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]352</dt>
353<dd>
354<p>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]355 The format of a &lt;refspec&gt; parameter is an optional plus
356 <tt>&#43;</tt>, followed by the source ref &lt;src&gt;, followed
357 by a colon <tt>:</tt>, followed by the destination ref &lt;dst&gt;.
358 It is used to specify with what &lt;src&gt; object the &lt;dst&gt; ref
359 in the remote repository is to be updated.
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]360</p>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]361<div class="para"><p>The &lt;src&gt; is often the name of the branch you would want to push, but
362it can be any arbitrary "SHA-1 expression", such as <tt>master~4</tt> or
363<tt>HEAD</tt> (see <a href="git-rev-parse.html">git-rev-parse(1)</a>).</p></div>
364<div class="para"><p>The &lt;dst&gt; tells which ref on the remote side is updated with this
365push. Arbitrary expressions cannot be used here, an actual ref must
366be named. If <tt>:</tt>&lt;dst&gt; is omitted, the same ref as &lt;src&gt; will be
367updated.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]368<div class="para"><p>The object referenced by &lt;src&gt; is used to update the &lt;dst&gt; reference
369on the remote side, but by default this is only allowed if the
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]370update can fast-forward &lt;dst&gt;. By having the optional leading <tt>&#43;</tt>,
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]371you can tell git to update the &lt;dst&gt; ref even when the update is not a
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]372fast-forward. This does <strong>not</strong> attempt to merge &lt;src&gt; into &lt;dst&gt;. See
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]373EXAMPLES below for details.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]374<div class="para"><p><tt>tag &lt;tag&gt;</tt> means the same as <tt>refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;:refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;</tt>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]375<div class="para"><p>Pushing an empty &lt;src&gt; allows you to delete the &lt;dst&gt; ref from
376the remote repository.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]377<div class="para"><p>The special refspec <tt>:</tt> (or <tt>&#43;:</tt> to allow non-fast-forward updates)
Junio C Hamanocc0cb312009-01-22 03:38:50[diff] [blame]378directs git to push "matching" branches: for every branch that exists on
379the local side, the remote side is updated if a branch of the same name
Junio C Hamanob713ff12008-05-24 01:12:30[diff] [blame]380already exists on the remote side. This is the default operation mode
381if no explicit refspec is found (that is neither on the command line
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]382nor in any Push line of the corresponding remotes file---see below).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]383</dd>
384<dt>
385--all
386</dt>
387<dd>
388<p>
389 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
Junio C Hamanod2d9ae12007-09-19 02:27:57[diff] [blame]390 refs under <tt>$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/</tt> be pushed.
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]391</p>
392</dd>
393<dt>
Junio C Hamano9d2bbb72007-11-25 04:56:07[diff] [blame]394--mirror
395</dt>
396<dd>
397<p>
398 Instead of naming each ref to push, specifies that all
Junio C Hamanoa351d142008-06-21 09:40:40[diff] [blame]399 refs under <tt>$GIT_DIR/refs/</tt> (which includes but is not
400 limited to <tt>refs/heads/</tt>, <tt>refs/remotes/</tt>, and <tt>refs/tags/</tt>)
Junio C Hamano9d2bbb72007-11-25 04:56:07[diff] [blame]401 be mirrored to the remote repository. Newly created local
402 refs will be pushed to the remote end, locally updated refs
403 will be force updated on the remote end, and deleted refs
Junio C Hamano47d68a52008-05-06 06:35:40[diff] [blame]404 will be removed from the remote end. This is the default
405 if the configuration option <tt>remote.&lt;remote&gt;.mirror</tt> is
406 set.
Junio C Hamano9d2bbb72007-11-25 04:56:07[diff] [blame]407</p>
408</dd>
409<dt>
Junio C Hamanod6fff402009-09-14 09:40:50[diff] [blame]410-n
411</dt>
412<dt>
Junio C Hamano764a6672007-10-23 01:23:31[diff] [blame]413--dry-run
414</dt>
415<dd>
416<p>
417 Do everything except actually send the updates.
418</p>
419</dd>
420<dt>
Junio C Hamano48bc1ce2009-07-09 16:49:19[diff] [blame]421--porcelain
422</dt>
423<dd>
424<p>
425 Produce machine-readable output. The output status line for each ref
426 will be tab-separated and sent to stdout instead of stderr. The full
427 symbolic names of the refs will be given.
428</p>
429</dd>
430<dt>
Junio C Hamanob141a922010-01-10 19:55:14[diff] [blame]431--delete
432</dt>
433<dd>
434<p>
435 All listed refs are deleted from the remote repository. This is
436 the same as prefixing all refs with a colon.
437</p>
438</dd>
439<dt>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]440--tags
441</dt>
442<dd>
443<p>
444 All refs under <tt>$GIT_DIR/refs/tags</tt> are pushed, in
445 addition to refspecs explicitly listed on the command
446 line.
447</p>
448</dd>
449<dt>
Junio C Hamano4ad294b2007-01-20 02:22:50[diff] [blame]450--receive-pack=&lt;git-receive-pack&gt;
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]451</dt>
Junio C Hamano1c958272009-01-12 18:04:21[diff] [blame]452<dt>
453--exec=&lt;git-receive-pack&gt;
454</dt>
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]455<dd>
456<p>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]457 Path to the <em>git-receive-pack</em> program on the remote
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]458 end. Sometimes useful when pushing to a remote
459 repository over ssh, and you do not have the program in
460 a directory on the default $PATH.
461</p>
462</dd>
463<dt>
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]464-f
465</dt>
466<dt>
467--force
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]468</dt>
469<dd>
470<p>
471 Usually, the command refuses to update a remote ref that is
Junio C Hamano4cd1c0e2007-08-06 04:39:14[diff] [blame]472 not an ancestor of the local ref used to overwrite it.
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]473 This flag disables the check. This can cause the
474 remote repository to lose commits; use it with care.
475</p>
476</dd>
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]477<dt>
Junio C Hamanoa476efa2008-10-10 15:31:42[diff] [blame]478--repo=&lt;repository&gt;
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]479</dt>
480<dd>
481<p>
Junio C Hamanoa476efa2008-10-10 15:31:42[diff] [blame]482 This option is only relevant if no &lt;repository&gt; argument is
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]483 passed in the invocation. In this case, <em>git push</em> derives the
Junio C Hamanoa476efa2008-10-10 15:31:42[diff] [blame]484 remote name from the current branch: If it tracks a remote
485 branch, then that remote repository is pushed to. Otherwise,
486 the name "origin" is used. For this latter case, this option
487 can be used to override the name "origin". In other words,
488 the difference between these two commands
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]489</p>
Junio C Hamanod0d892c2010-01-24 20:06:29[diff] [blame]490<div class="listingblock">
491<div class="content">
492<pre><tt>git push public #1
493git push --repo=public #2</tt></pre>
494</div></div>
495<div class="para"><p>is that #1 always pushes to "public" whereas #2 pushes to "public"
496only if the current branch does not track a remote branch. This is
497useful if you write an alias or script around <em>git push</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoa9701f02010-01-21 00:42:16[diff] [blame]498</dd>
499<dt>
500-u
501</dt>
502<dt>
503--set-upstream
504</dt>
505<dd>
506<p>
507 For every branch that is up to date or successfully pushed, add
508 upstream (tracking) reference, used by argument-less
509 <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and other commands. For more information,
510 see <em>branch.&lt;name&gt;.merge</em> in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
511</p>
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]512</dd>
513<dt>
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]514--thin
515</dt>
516<dt>
517--no-thin
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]518</dt>
519<dd>
520<p>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]521 These options are passed to <em>git send-pack</em>. Thin
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]522 transfer spends extra cycles to minimize the number of
523 objects to be sent and meant to be used on slower connection.
524</p>
525</dd>
526<dt>
Junio C Hamanoeb415992008-06-08 22:49:47[diff] [blame]527-v
528</dt>
529<dt>
530--verbose
Junio C Hamano1ce39ab2007-01-16 22:05:10[diff] [blame]531</dt>
532<dd>
533<p>
534 Run verbosely.
535</p>
536</dd>
Junio C Hamano3d23a0a2009-10-19 08:04:30[diff] [blame]537<dt>
538-q
539</dt>
540<dt>
541--quiet
542</dt>
543<dd>
544<p>
545 Suppress all output, including the listing of updated refs,
546 unless an error occurs.
547</p>
548</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]549</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]550</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]551<h2 id="_git_urls_a_id_urls_a">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]552<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]553<div class="para"><p>One of the following notations can be used
554to name the remote repository:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]555<div class="exampleblock">
556<div class="exampleblock-content">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]557<div class="ilist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]558<li>
559<p>
560rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
561</p>
562</li>
563<li>
564<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3bb6eb2009-02-05 01:26:33[diff] [blame]565http://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]566</p>
567</li>
568<li>
569<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3bb6eb2009-02-05 01:26:33[diff] [blame]570https://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]571</p>
572</li>
573<li>
574<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3bb6eb2009-02-05 01:26:33[diff] [blame]575git://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]576</p>
577</li>
578<li>
579<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3bb6eb2009-02-05 01:26:33[diff] [blame]580git://host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/~user/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]581</p>
582</li>
583<li>
584<p>
Junio C Hamanodbb64592007-09-01 11:17:39[diff] [blame]585ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz&#91;:port&#93;/path/to/repo.git/
586</p>
587</li>
588<li>
589<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]590ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]591</p>
592</li>
593<li>
594<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]595ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]596</p>
597</li>
598<li>
599<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]600ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]601</p>
602</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]603</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]604</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]605<div class="para"><p>SSH is the default transport protocol over the network. You can
Junio C Hamanob1d6e882007-08-11 08:30:16[diff] [blame]606optionally specify which user to log-in as, and an alternate,
607scp-like syntax is also supported. Both syntaxes support
Junio C Hamanodbb64592007-09-01 11:17:39[diff] [blame]608username expansion, as does the native git protocol, but
609only the former supports port specification. The following
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]610three are identical to the last three above, respectively:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]611<div class="exampleblock">
612<div class="exampleblock-content">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]613<div class="ilist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]614<li>
615<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]616&#91;user@&#93;host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]617</p>
618</li>
619<li>
620<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]621&#91;user@&#93;host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]622</p>
623</li>
624<li>
625<p>
Junio C Hamano7ccb9fd2006-07-15 01:38:40[diff] [blame]626&#91;user@&#93;host.xz:path/to/repo.git
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]627</p>
628</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]629</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]630</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]631<div class="para"><p>To sync with a local directory, you can use:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]632<div class="exampleblock">
633<div class="exampleblock-content">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]634<div class="ilist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]635<li>
636<p>
637/path/to/repo.git/
638</p>
639</li>
Junio C Hamanob1d6e882007-08-11 08:30:16[diff] [blame]640<li>
641<p>
642file:///path/to/repo.git/
643</p>
644</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]645</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]646</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]647<div class="para"><p>They are mostly equivalent, except when cloning. See
648<a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for details.</p></div>
649<div class="para"><p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]650you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
651use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]652configuration section of the form:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]653<div class="listingblock">
654<div class="content">
655<pre><tt> [url "&lt;actual url base&gt;"]
656 insteadOf = &lt;other url base&gt;</tt></pre>
657</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]658<div class="para"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano24bc09a2008-02-28 00:27:44[diff] [blame]659<div class="listingblock">
660<div class="content">
661<pre><tt> [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
662 insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
663 insteadOf = work:</tt></pre>
664</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]665<div class="para"><p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
666rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p></div>
Junio C Hamano7df6dcf2009-09-13 09:51:17[diff] [blame]667<div class="para"><p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
668configuration section of the form:</p></div>
669<div class="listingblock">
670<div class="content">
671<pre><tt> [url "&lt;actual url base&gt;"]
672 pushInsteadOf = &lt;other url base&gt;</tt></pre>
673</div></div>
674<div class="para"><p>For example, with this:</p></div>
675<div class="listingblock">
676<div class="content">
677<pre><tt> [url "ssh://example.org/"]
678 pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</tt></pre>
679</div></div>
680<div class="para"><p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
681"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
682use the original URL.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]683</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]684<h2 id="_remotes_a_id_remotes_a">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
Junio C Hamano40f2f8d2006-02-07 08:04:39[diff] [blame]685<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]686<div class="para"><p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
687of a URL as <tt>&lt;repository&gt;</tt> argument:</p></div>
688<div class="ilist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]689<li>
690<p>
691a remote in the git configuration file: <tt>$GIT_DIR/config</tt>,
692</p>
693</li>
694<li>
695<p>
696a file in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt> directory, or
697</p>
698</li>
699<li>
700<p>
701a file in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt> directory.
702</p>
703</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]704</ul></div>
705<div class="para"><p>All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
706because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.</p></div>
707<h3 id="_named_remote_in_configuration_file">Named remote in configuration file</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
708<div class="para"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]709configured using <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>, <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
710or even by a manual edit to the <tt>$GIT_DIR/config</tt> file. The URL of
711this remote will be used to access the repository. The refspec
712of this remote will be used by default when you do
713not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry in the
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]714config file would appear like this:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]715<div class="listingblock">
716<div class="content">
717<pre><tt> [remote "&lt;name&gt;"]
718 url = &lt;url&gt;
Junio C Hamano0e88f3e2009-06-21 08:03:25[diff] [blame]719 pushurl = &lt;pushurl&gt;
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]720 push = &lt;refspec&gt;
721 fetch = &lt;refspec&gt;</tt></pre>
722</div></div>
Junio C Hamano0e88f3e2009-06-21 08:03:25[diff] [blame]723<div class="para"><p>The <tt>&lt;pushurl&gt;</tt> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
724to <tt>&lt;url&gt;</tt>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]725<h3 id="_named_file_in_tt_git_dir_remotes_tt">Named file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
726<div class="para"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]727file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt>. The URL
728in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec
729in this file will be used as default when you do not
730provide a refspec on the command line. This file should have the
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]731following format:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1caaf472006-12-31 08:29:35[diff] [blame]732<div class="listingblock">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]733<div class="content">
Junio C Hamanod3361ad2007-01-01 03:20:24[diff] [blame]734<pre><tt> URL: one of the above URL format
735 Push: &lt;refspec&gt;
736 Pull: &lt;refspec&gt;
737</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]738</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43[diff] [blame]739<div class="para"><p><tt>Push:</tt> lines are used by <em>git push</em> and
740<tt>Pull:</tt> lines are used by <em>git pull</em> and <em>git fetch</em>.
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]741Multiple <tt>Push:</tt> and <tt>Pull:</tt> lines may
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]742be specified for additional branch mappings.</p></div>
743<h3 id="_named_file_in_tt_git_dir_branches_tt">Named file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt></h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
744<div class="para"><p>You can choose to provide the name of a
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]745file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt>.
746The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]747This file should have the following format:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1caaf472006-12-31 08:29:35[diff] [blame]748<div class="listingblock">
Junio C Hamano249572f2006-10-24 05:44:08[diff] [blame]749<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano054ea082008-06-01 08:26:34[diff] [blame]750<pre><tt> &lt;url&gt;#&lt;head&gt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano249572f2006-10-24 05:44:08[diff] [blame]751</div></div>
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]752<div class="para"><p><tt>&lt;url&gt;</tt> is required; <tt>#&lt;head&gt;</tt> is optional.</p></div>
753<div class="para"><p>Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
754refspecs, if you don't provide one on the command line.
755<tt>&lt;branch&gt;</tt> is the name of this file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt> and
756<tt>&lt;head&gt;</tt> defaults to <tt>master</tt>.</p></div>
757<div class="para"><p>git fetch uses:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1caaf472006-12-31 08:29:35[diff] [blame]758<div class="listingblock">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]759<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano28363492008-11-14 08:26:31[diff] [blame]760<pre><tt> refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;:refs/heads/&lt;branch&gt;</tt></pre>
761</div></div>
762<div class="para"><p>git push uses:</p></div>
763<div class="listingblock">
764<div class="content">
765<pre><tt> HEAD:refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]766</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]767</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]768<h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2>
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]769<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]770<div class="para"><p>The output of "git push" depends on the transport method used; this
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]771section describes the output when pushing over the git protocol (either
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]772locally or via ssh).</p></div>
773<div class="para"><p>The status of the push is output in tabular form, with each line
774representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]775<div class="listingblock">
776<div class="content">
777<pre><tt> &lt;flag&gt; &lt;summary&gt; &lt;from&gt; -&gt; &lt;to&gt; (&lt;reason&gt;)</tt></pre>
778</div></div>
Junio C Hamano48bc1ce2009-07-09 16:49:19[diff] [blame]779<div class="para"><p>If --porcelain is used, then each line of the output is of the form:</p></div>
780<div class="listingblock">
781<div class="content">
782<pre><tt> &lt;flag&gt; \t &lt;from&gt;:&lt;to&gt; \t &lt;summary&gt; (&lt;reason&gt;)</tt></pre>
783</div></div>
Junio C Hamano78b92a82010-02-09 07:34:13[diff] [blame]784<div class="para"><p>The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if --porcelain or --verbose
785option is used.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]786<div class="vlist"><dl>
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]787<dt>
788flag
789</dt>
790<dd>
791<p>
Junio C Hamano78b92a82010-02-09 07:34:13[diff] [blame]792 A single character indicating the status of the ref:
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]793</p>
Junio C Hamano78b92a82010-02-09 07:34:13[diff] [blame]794<div class="hlist"><table>
795<tr>
796<td class="hlist1">
797(space)
798</td>
799<td class="hlist2">
800for a successfully pushed fast-forward;
801</td>
802</tr>
803<tr>
804<td class="hlist1">
805<tt>&#43;</tt>
806</td>
807<td class="hlist2">
808for a successful forced update;
809</td>
810</tr>
811<tr>
812<td class="hlist1">
813<tt>-</tt>
814</td>
815<td class="hlist2">
816for a successfully deleted ref;
817</td>
818</tr>
819<tr>
820<td class="hlist1">
821<tt>*</tt>
822</td>
823<td class="hlist2">
824for a successfully pushed new ref;
825</td>
826</tr>
827<tr>
828<td class="hlist1">
829<tt>!</tt>
830</td>
831<td class="hlist2">
832for a ref that was rejected or failed to push; and
833</td>
834</tr>
835<tr>
836<td class="hlist1">
837<tt>=</tt>
838</td>
839<td class="hlist2">
840for a ref that was up to date and did not need pushing.
841</td>
842</tr>
843</table></div>
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]844</dd>
845<dt>
846summary
847</dt>
848<dd>
849<p>
850 For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
851 values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
852 <tt>git log</tt> (this is <tt>&lt;old&gt;..&lt;new&gt;</tt> in most cases, and
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]853 <tt>&lt;old&gt;&#8230;&lt;new&gt;</tt> for forced non-fast-forward updates). For a
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]854 failed update, more details are given for the failure.
855 The string <tt>rejected</tt> indicates that git did not try to send the
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]856 ref at all (typically because it is not a fast-forward). The
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]857 string <tt>remote rejected</tt> indicates that the remote end refused
858 the update; this rejection is typically caused by a hook on the
859 remote side. The string <tt>remote failure</tt> indicates that the
860 remote end did not report the successful update of the ref
861 (perhaps because of a temporary error on the remote side, a
862 break in the network connection, or other transient error).
863</p>
864</dd>
865<dt>
866from
867</dt>
868<dd>
869<p>
870 The name of the local ref being pushed, minus its
871 <tt>refs/&lt;type&gt;/</tt> prefix. In the case of deletion, the
872 name of the local ref is omitted.
873</p>
874</dd>
875<dt>
876to
877</dt>
878<dd>
879<p>
880 The name of the remote ref being updated, minus its
881 <tt>refs/&lt;type&gt;/</tt> prefix.
882</p>
883</dd>
884<dt>
885reason
886</dt>
887<dd>
888<p>
889 A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully pushed
890 refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
891 failure is described.
892</p>
893</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]894</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano6d559fc2008-02-20 10:44:26[diff] [blame]895</div>
Junio C Hamano27a128b2009-08-13 01:23:00[diff] [blame]896<h2 id="_note_about_fast_forwards">Note about fast-forwards</h2>
897<div class="sectionbody">
898<div class="para"><p>When an update changes a branch (or more in general, a ref) that used to
899point at commit A to point at another commit B, it is called a
900fast-forward update if and only if B is a descendant of A.</p></div>
901<div class="para"><p>In a fast-forward update from A to B, the set of commits that the original
902commit A built on top of is a subset of the commits the new commit B
903builds on top of. Hence, it does not lose any history.</p></div>
904<div class="para"><p>In contrast, a non-fast-forward update will lose history. For example,
905suppose you and somebody else started at the same commit X, and you built
906a history leading to commit B while the other person built a history
907leading to commit A. The history looks like this:</p></div>
908<div class="listingblock">
909<div class="content">
910<pre><tt>
911 B
912 /
913 ---X---A
914</tt></pre>
915</div></div>
916<div class="para"><p>Further suppose that the other person already pushed changes leading to A
917back to the original repository you two obtained the original commit X.</p></div>
918<div class="para"><p>The push done by the other person updated the branch that used to point at
919commit X to point at commit A. It is a fast-forward.</p></div>
920<div class="para"><p>But if you try to push, you will attempt to update the branch (that
921now points at A) with commit B. This does _not_ fast-forward. If you did
922so, the changes introduced by commit A will be lost, because everybody
923will now start building on top of B.</p></div>
924<div class="para"><p>The command by default does not allow an update that is not a fast-forward
925to prevent such loss of history.</p></div>
926<div class="para"><p>If you do not want to lose your work (history from X to B) nor the work by
927the other person (history from X to A), you would need to first fetch the
928history from the repository, create a history that contains changes done
929by both parties, and push the result back.</p></div>
930<div class="para"><p>You can perform "git pull", resolve potential conflicts, and "git push"
931the result. A "git pull" will create a merge commit C between commits A
932and B.</p></div>
933<div class="listingblock">
934<div class="content">
935<pre><tt>
936 B---C
937 / /
938 ---X---A
939</tt></pre>
940</div></div>
941<div class="para"><p>Updating A with the resulting merge commit will fast-forward and your
942push will be accepted.</p></div>
943<div class="para"><p>Alternatively, you can rebase your change between X and B on top of A,
944with "git pull --rebase", and push the result back. The rebase will
945create a new commit D that builds the change between X and B on top of
946A.</p></div>
947<div class="listingblock">
948<div class="content">
949<pre><tt>
950 B D
951 / /
952 ---X---A
953</tt></pre>
954</div></div>
955<div class="para"><p>Again, updating A with this commit will fast-forward and your push will be
956accepted.</p></div>
957<div class="para"><p>There is another common situation where you may encounter non-fast-forward
958rejection when you try to push, and it is possible even when you are
959pushing into a repository nobody else pushes into. After you push commit
960A yourself (in the first picture in this section), replace it with "git
961commit --amend" to produce commit B, and you try to push it out, because
962forgot that you have pushed A out already. In such a case, and only if
963you are certain that nobody in the meantime fetched your earlier commit A
964(and started building on top of it), you can run "git push --force" to
965overwrite it. In other words, "git push --force" is a method reserved for
966a case where you do mean to lose history.</p></div>
967</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]968<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]969<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]970<div class="vlist"><dl>
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]971<dt>
Junio C Hamanoea82cff2009-03-18 01:54:48[diff] [blame]972git push
973</dt>
974<dd>
975<p>
976 Works like <tt>git push &lt;remote&gt;</tt>, where &lt;remote&gt; is the
977 current branch's remote (or <tt>origin</tt>, if no remote is
978 configured for the current branch).
979</p>
980</dd>
981<dt>
982git push origin
983</dt>
984<dd>
985<p>
986 Without additional configuration, works like
987 <tt>git push origin :</tt>.
988</p>
989<div class="para"><p>The default behavior of this command when no &lt;refspec&gt; is given can be
990configured by setting the <tt>push</tt> option of the remote.</p></div>
991<div class="para"><p>For example, to default to pushing only the current branch to <tt>origin</tt>
992use <tt>git config remote.origin.push HEAD</tt>. Any valid &lt;refspec&gt; (like
993the ones in the examples below) can be configured as the default for
994<tt>git push origin</tt>.</p></div>
995</dd>
996<dt>
997git push origin :
998</dt>
999<dd>
1000<p>
1001 Push "matching" branches to <tt>origin</tt>. See
1002 &lt;refspec&gt; in the <a href="#OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a> section above for a
1003 description of "matching" branches.
1004</p>
1005</dd>
1006<dt>
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1007git push origin master
1008</dt>
1009<dd>
1010<p>
1011 Find a ref that matches <tt>master</tt> in the source repository
1012 (most likely, it would find <tt>refs/heads/master</tt>), and update
1013 the same ref (e.g. <tt>refs/heads/master</tt>) in <tt>origin</tt> repository
Junio C Hamanoa9aee782008-04-23 16:09:20[diff] [blame]1014 with it. If <tt>master</tt> did not exist remotely, it would be
1015 created.
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1016</p>
1017</dd>
1018<dt>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]1019git push origin HEAD
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1020</dt>
1021<dd>
1022<p>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]1023 A handy way to push the current branch to the same name on the
1024 remote.
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1025</p>
1026</dd>
1027<dt>
Junio C Hamano7f80ae82008-07-30 18:31:35[diff] [blame]1028git push origin master:satellite/master dev:satellite/dev
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1029</dt>
1030<dd>
1031<p>
Junio C Hamano7f80ae82008-07-30 18:31:35[diff] [blame]1032 Use the source ref that matches <tt>master</tt> (e.g. <tt>refs/heads/master</tt>)
1033 to update the ref that matches <tt>satellite/master</tt> (most probably
1034 <tt>refs/remotes/satellite/master</tt>) in the <tt>origin</tt> repository, then
1035 do the same for <tt>dev</tt> and <tt>satellite/dev</tt>.
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1036</p>
1037</dd>
Junio C Hamanobfd4f9a2007-09-06 08:52:44[diff] [blame]1038<dt>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]1039git push origin HEAD:master
1040</dt>
1041<dd>
1042<p>
1043 Push the current branch to the remote ref matching <tt>master</tt> in the
1044 <tt>origin</tt> repository. This form is convenient to push the current
1045 branch without thinking about its local name.
1046</p>
1047</dd>
1048<dt>
Junio C Hamanobfd4f9a2007-09-06 08:52:44[diff] [blame]1049git push origin master:refs/heads/experimental
1050</dt>
1051<dd>
1052<p>
1053 Create the branch <tt>experimental</tt> in the <tt>origin</tt> repository
Junio C Hamanoa9aee782008-04-23 16:09:20[diff] [blame]1054 by copying the current <tt>master</tt> branch. This form is only
1055 needed to create a new branch or tag in the remote repository when
1056 the local name and the remote name are different; otherwise,
1057 the ref name on its own will work.
Junio C Hamanobfd4f9a2007-09-06 08:52:44[diff] [blame]1058</p>
1059</dd>
Junio C Hamano8b6e23b2009-02-01 06:36:08[diff] [blame]1060<dt>
1061git push origin :experimental
1062</dt>
1063<dd>
1064<p>
1065 Find a ref that matches <tt>experimental</tt> in the <tt>origin</tt> repository
1066 (e.g. <tt>refs/heads/experimental</tt>), and delete it.
1067</p>
1068</dd>
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]1069<dt>
1070git push origin &#43;dev:master
1071</dt>
1072<dd>
1073<p>
1074 Update the origin repository's master branch with the dev branch,
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]1075 allowing non-fast-forward updates. <strong>This can leave unreferenced
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]1076 commits dangling in the origin repository.</strong> Consider the
Junio C Hamano3f680f32009-11-16 02:10:54[diff] [blame]1077 following situation, where a fast-forward is not possible:
Junio C Hamanod533bdb2009-02-25 09:56:58[diff] [blame]1078</p>
1079<div class="listingblock">
1080<div class="content">
1081<pre><tt> o---o---o---A---B origin/master
1082 \
1083 X---Y---Z dev</tt></pre>
1084</div></div>
1085<div class="para"><p>The above command would change the origin repository to</p></div>
1086<div class="listingblock">
1087<div class="content">
1088<pre><tt> A---B (unnamed branch)
1089 /
1090 o---o---o---X---Y---Z master</tt></pre>
1091</div></div>
1092<div class="para"><p>Commits A and B would no longer belong to a branch with a symbolic name,
1093and so would be unreachable. As such, these commits would be removed by
1094a <tt>git gc</tt> command on the origin repository.</p></div>
1095</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1096</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano6926bef2007-06-16 09:54:05[diff] [blame]1097</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1098<h2 id="_author">Author</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1099<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano0868a302008-07-22 09:20:44[diff] [blame]1100<div class="para"><p>Written by Junio C Hamano &lt;gitster@pobox.com&gt;, later rewritten in C
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1101by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1102</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1103<h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1104<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1105<div class="para"><p>Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1106</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1107<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1108<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31[diff] [blame]1109<div class="para"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1110</div>
1111<div id="footer">
1112<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamanodca34822010-02-13 01:02:52[diff] [blame]1113Last updated 2010-02-13 00:59:51 UTC
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23[diff] [blame]1114</div>
1115</div>
1116</body>
1117</html>