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chromium / external / gitster / git-htmldocs / 7f7e6a47a4543fc8b8335e64746e0f7e3ce80f4a / . / howto / setup-git-server-over-http.html
blob: b3979e0a26367b8fb675253fbd828e6947bbbf3b [file] [log] [blame]
Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]1<!DOCTYPE html>
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441<body class="article">
442<div id="header">
443<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
444<div class="details">
Junio C Hamano7f7e6a42024-12-04 04:45:58[diff] [blame^]445<span id="revdate">2024-12-04</span>
Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]446</div>
447</div>
448<div id="content">
449<div id="preamble">
450<div class="sectionbody">
451<div class="admonitionblock note">
452<table>
453<tr>
454<td class="icon">
455<div class="title">Note</div>
456</td>
457<td class="content">
458This document is from 2006. A lot has happened since then, and this
459document is now relevant mainly if your web host is not CGI capable.
460Almost everyone else should instead look at <a href="../git-http-backend.html">git-http-backend(1)</a>.
461</td>
462</tr>
463</table>
464</div>
465<div class="paragraph">
466<p>Since Apache is one of those packages people like to compile
467themselves while others prefer the bureaucrat&#8217;s dream Debian, it is
468impossible to give guidelines which will work for everyone. Just send
469some feedback to the mailing list at <a href="mailto:git@vger.kernel.org">git@vger.kernel.org</a> to get this
470document tailored to your favorite distro.</p>
471</div>
472<div class="paragraph">
473<p>What&#8217;s needed:</p>
474</div>
475<div class="ulist">
476<ul>
477<li>
478<p>Have an Apache web-server</p>
479<div class="literalblock">
480<div class="content">
481<pre>On Debian:
482 $ apt-get install apache2
483 To get apache2 by default started,
484 edit /etc/default/apache2 and set NO_START=0</pre>
485</div>
486</div>
487</li>
488<li>
489<p>can edit the configuration of it.</p>
490<div class="literalblock">
491<div class="content">
492<pre>This could be found under /etc/httpd, or refer to your Apache documentation.</pre>
493</div>
494</div>
495<div class="literalblock">
496<div class="content">
497<pre>On Debian: this means being able to edit files under /etc/apache2</pre>
498</div>
499</div>
500</li>
501<li>
502<p>can restart it.</p>
503<div class="literalblock">
504<div class="content">
505<pre>'apachectl --graceful' might do. If it doesn't, just stop and
506restart apache. Be warning that active connections to your server
507might be aborted by this.</pre>
508</div>
509</div>
510<div class="literalblock">
511<div class="content">
512<pre>On Debian:
513 $ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
514or
515 $ /etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
516 (which seems to do the same)
517This adds symlinks from the /etc/apache2/mods-enabled to
518/etc/apache2/mods-available.</pre>
519</div>
520</div>
521</li>
522<li>
523<p>have permissions to chown a directory</p>
524</li>
525<li>
526<p>have Git installed on the client, and</p>
527</li>
528<li>
529<p>either have Git installed on the server or have a webdav client on
530the client.</p>
531</li>
532</ul>
533</div>
534<div class="paragraph">
535<p>In effect, this means you&#8217;re going to be root, or that you&#8217;re using a
536preconfigured WebDAV server.</p>
537</div>
538</div>
539</div>
540<div class="sect1">
541<h2 id="_step_1_setup_a_bare_git_repository">Step 1: setup a bare Git repository</h2>
542<div class="sectionbody">
543<div class="paragraph">
544<p>At the time of writing, git-http-push cannot remotely create a Git
545repository. So we have to do that at the server side with Git. Another
546option is to generate an empty bare repository at the client and copy
547it to the server with a WebDAV client (which is the only option if Git
548is not installed on the server).</p>
549</div>
550<div class="paragraph">
551<p>Create the directory under the DocumentRoot of the directories served
552by Apache. As an example we take /usr/local/apache2, but try "grep
553DocumentRoot /where/ever/httpd.conf" to find your root:</p>
554</div>
555<div class="literalblock">
556<div class="content">
557<pre>$ cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs
558$ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
559</div>
560</div>
561<div class="literalblock">
562<div class="content">
563<pre>On Debian:</pre>
564</div>
565</div>
566<div class="literalblock">
567<div class="content">
568<pre>$ cd /var/www
569$ mkdir my-new-repo.git</pre>
570</div>
571</div>
572<div class="paragraph">
573<p>Initialize a bare repository</p>
574</div>
575<div class="literalblock">
576<div class="content">
577<pre>$ cd my-new-repo.git
578$ git --bare init</pre>
579</div>
580</div>
581<div class="paragraph">
Junio C Hamanodc392382024-10-11 18:57:29[diff] [blame]582<p>Change the ownership to your web-server&#8217;s credentials. Use "grep <code>^User</code>
583<code>httpd.conf</code>" and "grep <code>^Group</code> <code>httpd.conf</code>" to find out:</p>
Junio C Hamanob96f40a2024-08-01 00:57:25[diff] [blame]584</div>
585<div class="literalblock">
586<div class="content">
587<pre>$ chown -R www.www .</pre>
588</div>
589</div>
590<div class="literalblock">
591<div class="content">
592<pre>On Debian:</pre>
593</div>
594</div>
595<div class="literalblock">
596<div class="content">
597<pre>$ chown -R www-data.www-data .</pre>
598</div>
599</div>
600<div class="paragraph">
601<p>If you do not know which user Apache runs as, you can alternatively do
602a "chmod -R a+w .", inspect the files which are created later on, and
603set the permissions appropriately.</p>
604</div>
605<div class="paragraph">
606<p>Restart apache2, and check whether <a href="http://server/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://server/my-new-repo.git</a> gives
607a directory listing. If not, check whether apache started up
608successfully.</p>
609</div>
610</div>
611</div>
612<div class="sect1">
613<h2 id="_step_2_enable_dav_on_this_repository">Step 2: enable DAV on this repository</h2>
614<div class="sectionbody">
615<div class="paragraph">
616<p>First make sure the dav_module is loaded. For this, insert in httpd.conf:</p>
617</div>
618<div class="literalblock">
619<div class="content">
620<pre>LoadModule dav_module libexec/httpd/libdav.so
621AddModule mod_dav.c</pre>
622</div>
623</div>
624<div class="paragraph">
625<p>Also make sure that this line exists which is the file used for
626locking DAV operations:</p>
627</div>
628<div class="literalblock">
629<div class="content">
630<pre>DAVLockDB "/usr/local/apache2/temp/DAV.lock"</pre>
631</div>
632</div>
633<div class="literalblock">
634<div class="content">
635<pre>On Debian these steps can be performed with:</pre>
636</div>
637</div>
638<div class="literalblock">
639<div class="content">
640<pre>Enable the dav and dav_fs modules of apache:
641$ a2enmod dav_fs
642(just to be sure. dav_fs might be unneeded, I don't know)
643$ a2enmod dav
644The DAV lock is located in /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_fs.conf:
645 DAVLockDB /var/lock/apache2/DAVLock</pre>
646</div>
647</div>
648<div class="paragraph">
649<p>Of course, it can point somewhere else, but the string is actually just a
650prefix in some Apache configurations, and therefore the <em>directory</em> has to
651be writable by the user Apache runs as.</p>
652</div>
653<div class="paragraph">
654<p>Then, add something like this to your httpd.conf</p>
655</div>
656<div class="literalblock">
657<div class="content">
658<pre>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
659 DAV on
660 AuthType Basic
661 AuthName "Git"
662 AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git
663 Require valid-user
664&lt;/Location&gt;</pre>
665</div>
666</div>
667<div class="literalblock">
668<div class="content">
669<pre>On Debian:
670 Create (or add to) /etc/apache2/conf.d/git.conf :</pre>
671</div>
672</div>
673<div class="literalblock">
674<div class="content">
675<pre>&lt;Location /my-new-repo.git&gt;
676 DAV on
677 AuthType Basic
678 AuthName "Git"
679 AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/passwd.git
680 Require valid-user
681&lt;/Location&gt;</pre>
682</div>
683</div>
684<div class="literalblock">
685<div class="content">
686<pre>Debian automatically reads all files under /etc/apache2/conf.d.</pre>
687</div>
688</div>
689<div class="paragraph">
690<p>The password file can be somewhere else, but it has to be readable by
691Apache and preferably not readable by the world.</p>
692</div>
693<div class="paragraph">
694<p>Create this file by
695 $ htpasswd -c /usr/local/apache2/conf/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</p>
696</div>
697<div class="literalblock">
698<div class="content">
699<pre>On Debian:
700 $ htpasswd -c /etc/apache2/passwd.git &lt;user&gt;</pre>
701</div>
702</div>
703<div class="paragraph">
704<p>You will be asked a password, and the file is created. Subsequent calls
705to htpasswd should omit the <em>-c</em> option, since you want to append to the
706existing file.</p>
707</div>
708<div class="paragraph">
709<p>You need to restart Apache.</p>
710</div>
711<div class="paragraph">
712<p>Now go to <a href="http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> in your
713browser to check whether it asks for a password and accepts the right
714password.</p>
715</div>
716<div class="paragraph">
717<p>On Debian:</p>
718</div>
719<div class="literalblock">
720<div class="content">
721<pre>To test the WebDAV part, do:</pre>
722</div>
723</div>
724<div class="literalblock">
725<div class="content">
726<pre>$ apt-get install litmus
727$ litmus http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git &lt;username&gt; &lt;password&gt;</pre>
728</div>
729</div>
730<div class="literalblock">
731<div class="content">
732<pre>Most tests should pass.</pre>
733</div>
734</div>
735<div class="paragraph">
736<p>A command-line tool to test WebDAV is cadaver. If you prefer GUIs, for
737example, konqueror can open WebDAV URLs as "webdav://&#8230;&#8203;" or
738"webdavs://&#8230;&#8203;".</p>
739</div>
740<div class="paragraph">
741<p>If you&#8217;re into Windows, from XP onwards Internet Explorer supports
742WebDAV. For this, do Internet Explorer &#8594; Open Location &#8594;
743<a href="http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git" class="bare">http://&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git</a> [x] Open as webfolder &#8594; login .</p>
744</div>
745</div>
746</div>
747<div class="sect1">
748<h2 id="_step_3_setup_the_client">Step 3: setup the client</h2>
749<div class="sectionbody">
750<div class="paragraph">
751<p>Make sure that you have HTTP support, i.e. your Git was built with
752libcurl (version more recent than 7.10). The command <em>git http-push</em> with
753no argument should display a usage message.</p>
754</div>
755<div class="paragraph">
756<p>Then, add the following to your $HOME/.netrc (you can do without, but will be
757asked to input your password a <em>lot</em> of times):</p>
758</div>
759<div class="literalblock">
760<div class="content">
761<pre>machine &lt;servername&gt;
762login &lt;username&gt;
763password &lt;password&gt;</pre>
764</div>
765</div>
766<div class="paragraph">
767<p>&#8230;&#8203;and set permissions:
768 chmod 600 ~/.netrc</p>
769</div>
770<div class="paragraph">
771<p>If you want to access the web-server by its IP, you have to type that in,
772instead of the server name.</p>
773</div>
774<div class="paragraph">
775<p>To check whether all is OK, do:</p>
776</div>
777<div class="literalblock">
778<div class="content">
779<pre>curl --netrc --location -v http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/HEAD</pre>
780</div>
781</div>
782<div class="paragraph">
783<p>&#8230;&#8203;this should give something like <em>ref: refs/heads/master</em>, which is
784the content of the file HEAD on the server.</p>
785</div>
786<div class="paragraph">
787<p>Now, add the remote in your existing repository which contains the project
788you want to export:</p>
789</div>
790<div class="literalblock">
791<div class="content">
792<pre>$ git-config remote.upload.url \
793 http://&lt;username&gt;@&lt;servername&gt;/my-new-repo.git/</pre>
794</div>
795</div>
796<div class="paragraph">
797<p>It is important to put the last <em>/</em>; Without it, the server will send
798a redirect which git-http-push does not (yet) understand, and git-http-push
799will repeat the request infinitely.</p>
800</div>
801</div>
802</div>
803<div class="sect1">
804<h2 id="_step_4_make_the_initial_push">Step 4: make the initial push</h2>
805<div class="sectionbody">
806<div class="paragraph">
807<p>From your client repository, do</p>
808</div>
809<div class="literalblock">
810<div class="content">
811<pre>$ git push upload master</pre>
812</div>
813</div>
814<div class="paragraph">
815<p>This pushes branch <em>master</em> (which is assumed to be the branch you
816want to export) to repository called <em>upload</em>, which we previously
817defined with git-config.</p>
818</div>
819</div>
820</div>
821<div class="sect1">
822<h2 id="_using_a_proxy">Using a proxy:</h2>
823<div class="sectionbody">
824<div class="paragraph">
825<p>If you have to access the WebDAV server from behind an HTTP(S) proxy,
826set the variable <em>all_proxy</em> to <code>http://proxy-host.com:port</code>, or
827<code>http://login-on-proxy:passwd-on-proxy@proxy-host.com:port</code>. See <em>man
828curl</em> for details.</p>
829</div>
830</div>
831</div>
832<div class="sect1">
833<h2 id="_troubleshooting">Troubleshooting:</h2>
834<div class="sectionbody">
835<div class="paragraph">
836<p>If git-http-push says</p>
837</div>
838<div class="literalblock">
839<div class="content">
840<pre>Error: no DAV locking support on remote repo http://...</pre>
841</div>
842</div>
843<div class="paragraph">
844<p>then it means the web-server did not accept your authentication. Make sure
845that the user name and password matches in httpd.conf, .netrc and the URL
846you are uploading to.</p>
847</div>
848<div class="paragraph">
849<p>If git-http-push shows you an error (22/502) when trying to MOVE a blob,
850it means that your web-server somehow does not recognize its name in the
851request; This can happen when you start Apache, but then disable the
852network interface. A simple restart of Apache helps.</p>
853</div>
854<div class="paragraph">
855<p>Errors like (22/502) are of format (curl error code/http error
856code). So (22/404) means something like <em>not found</em> at the server.</p>
857</div>
858<div class="paragraph">
859<p>Reading /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log is often helpful.</p>
860</div>
861<div class="literalblock">
862<div class="content">
863<pre>On Debian: Read /var/log/apache2/error.log instead.</pre>
864</div>
865</div>
866<div class="paragraph">
867<p>If you access HTTPS locations, Git may fail verifying the SSL
868certificate (this is return code 60). Setting http.sslVerify=false can
869help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p>
870</div>
871<div class="paragraph">
872<p>Debian References: <a href="http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285" class="bare">http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/285</a></p>
873</div>
874<div class="paragraph">
875<p>Authors
876 Johannes Schindelin &lt;<a href="mailto:Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de">Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de</a>&gt;
877 Rutger Nijlunsing &lt;<a href="mailto:git@wingding.demon.nl">git@wingding.demon.nl</a>&gt;
878 Matthieu Moy &lt;<a href="mailto:Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr">Matthieu.Moy@imag.fr</a>&gt;</p>
879</div>
880</div>
881</div>
882</div>
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