| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | <!DOCTYPE html> |
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| 440 | </head> |
| 441 | <body class="manpage"> |
| 442 | <div id="header"> |
| 443 | <h1>git-commit(1) Manual Page</h1> |
| 444 | <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> |
| 445 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 446 | <p>git-commit - Record changes to the repository</p> |
| 447 | </div> |
| 448 | </div> |
| 449 | <div id="content"> |
| 450 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 451 | <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| 452 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 453 | <div class="verseblock"> |
| 454 | <pre class="content"><em>git commit</em> [-a | --interactive | --patch] [-s] [-v] [-u<mode>] [--amend] |
| 455 | [--dry-run] [(-c | -C | --squash) <commit> | --fixup [(amend|reword):]<commit>] |
| 456 | [-F <file> | -m <msg>] [--reset-author] [--allow-empty] |
| 457 | [--allow-empty-message] [--no-verify] [-e] [--author=<author>] |
| 458 | [--date=<date>] [--cleanup=<mode>] [--[no-]status] |
| 459 | [-i | -o] [--pathspec-from-file=<file> [--pathspec-file-nul]] |
| 460 | [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])…​] [-S[<keyid>]] |
| 461 | [--] [<pathspec>…​]</pre> |
| 462 | </div> |
| 463 | </div> |
| 464 | </div> |
| 465 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 466 | <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| 467 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 468 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 469 | <p>Create a new commit containing the current contents of the index and |
| 470 | the given log message describing the changes. The new commit is a |
| 471 | direct child of HEAD, usually the tip of the current branch, and the |
| 472 | branch is updated to point to it (unless no branch is associated with |
| 473 | the working tree, in which case HEAD is "detached" as described in |
| 474 | <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>).</p> |
| 475 | </div> |
| 476 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 477 | <p>The content to be committed can be specified in several ways:</p> |
| 478 | </div> |
| 479 | <div class="olist arabic"> |
| 480 | <ol class="arabic"> |
| 481 | <li> |
| 482 | <p>by using <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to incrementally "add" changes to the |
| 483 | index before using the <em>commit</em> command (Note: even modified files |
| 484 | must be "added");</p> |
| 485 | </li> |
| 486 | <li> |
| 487 | <p>by using <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a> to remove files from the working tree |
| 488 | and the index, again before using the <em>commit</em> command;</p> |
| 489 | </li> |
| 490 | <li> |
| 491 | <p>by listing files as arguments to the <em>commit</em> command |
| 492 | (without --interactive or --patch switch), in which |
| 493 | case the commit will ignore changes staged in the index, and instead |
| 494 | record the current content of the listed files (which must already |
| 495 | be known to Git);</p> |
| 496 | </li> |
| 497 | <li> |
| 498 | <p>by using the -a switch with the <em>commit</em> command to automatically |
| 499 | "add" changes from all known files (i.e. all files that are already |
| 500 | listed in the index) and to automatically "rm" files in the index |
| 501 | that have been removed from the working tree, and then perform the |
| 502 | actual commit;</p> |
| 503 | </li> |
| 504 | <li> |
| 505 | <p>by using the --interactive or --patch switches with the <em>commit</em> command |
| 506 | to decide one by one which files or hunks should be part of the commit |
| 507 | in addition to contents in the index, |
| 508 | before finalizing the operation. See the “Interactive Mode” section of |
| 509 | <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to learn how to operate these modes.</p> |
| 510 | </li> |
| 511 | </ol> |
| 512 | </div> |
| 513 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 514 | <p>The <code>--dry-run</code> option can be used to obtain a |
| 515 | summary of what is included by any of the above for the next |
| 516 | commit by giving the same set of parameters (options and paths).</p> |
| 517 | </div> |
| 518 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 519 | <p>If you make a commit and then find a mistake immediately after |
| 520 | that, you can recover from it with <em>git reset</em>.</p> |
| 521 | </div> |
| 522 | </div> |
| 523 | </div> |
| 524 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 525 | <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> |
| 526 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 527 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 528 | <dl> |
| 529 | <dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt> |
| 530 | <dt class="hdlist1">--all</dt> |
| 531 | <dd> |
| 532 | <p>Tell the command to automatically stage files that have |
| 533 | been modified and deleted, but new files you have not |
| 534 | told Git about are not affected.</p> |
| 535 | </dd> |
| 536 | <dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt> |
| 537 | <dt class="hdlist1">--patch</dt> |
| 538 | <dd> |
| 539 | <p>Use the interactive patch selection interface to choose |
| 540 | which changes to commit. See <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> for |
| 541 | details.</p> |
| 542 | </dd> |
| 543 | <dt class="hdlist1">-C <commit></dt> |
| 544 | <dt class="hdlist1">--reuse-message=<commit></dt> |
| 545 | <dd> |
| 546 | <p>Take an existing commit object, and reuse the log message |
| 547 | and the authorship information (including the timestamp) |
| 548 | when creating the commit.</p> |
| 549 | </dd> |
| 550 | <dt class="hdlist1">-c <commit></dt> |
| 551 | <dt class="hdlist1">--reedit-message=<commit></dt> |
| 552 | <dd> |
| 553 | <p>Like <em>-C</em>, but with <code>-c</code> the editor is invoked, so that |
| 554 | the user can further edit the commit message.</p> |
| 555 | </dd> |
| 556 | <dt class="hdlist1">--fixup=[(amend|reword):]<commit></dt> |
| 557 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 558 | <p>Create a new commit which "fixes up" <em><commit></em> when applied with |
| 559 | <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. Plain <code>--fixup=</code><em><commit></em> creates a |
| 560 | "fixup!" commit which changes the content of <em><commit></em> but leaves |
| 561 | its log message untouched. <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> is similar but |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 562 | creates an "amend!" commit which also replaces the log message of |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 563 | <em><commit></em> with the log message of the "amend!" commit. |
| 564 | <code>--fixup=reword:</code><em><commit></em> creates an "amend!" commit which |
| 565 | replaces the log message of <em><commit></em> with its own log message |
| 566 | but makes no changes to the content of <em><commit></em>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 567 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 568 | <p>The commit created by plain <code>--fixup=</code><em><commit></em> has a subject |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 569 | composed of "fixup!" followed by the subject line from <commit>, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 570 | and is recognized specially by <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. The <code>-m</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 571 | option may be used to supplement the log message of the created |
| 572 | commit, but the additional commentary will be thrown away once the |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 573 | "fixup!" commit is squashed into <em><commit></em> by |
| 574 | <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 575 | </div> |
| 576 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 577 | <p>The commit created by <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> is similar but its |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 578 | subject is instead prefixed with "amend!". The log message of |
| 579 | <commit> is copied into the log message of the "amend!" commit and |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 580 | opened in an editor so it can be refined. When <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> |
| 581 | <code>--autosquash</code> squashes the "amend!" commit into <em><commit></em>, the |
| 582 | log message of <em><commit></em> is replaced by the refined log message |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 583 | from the "amend!" commit. It is an error for the "amend!" commit’s |
| 584 | log message to be empty unless <code>--allow-empty-message</code> is |
| 585 | specified.</p> |
| 586 | </div> |
| 587 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 588 | <p><code>--fixup=reword:</code><em><commit></em> is shorthand for <code>--fixup=amend:</code><em><commit></em> |
| 589 | <code>--only</code>. It creates an "amend!" commit with only a log message |
| 590 | (ignoring any changes staged in the index). When squashed by <code>git</code> |
| 591 | <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>, it replaces the log message of <em><commit></em> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 592 | without making any other changes.</p> |
| 593 | </div> |
| 594 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 595 | <p>Neither "fixup!" nor "amend!" commits change authorship of |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 596 | <em><commit></em> when applied by <code>git</code> <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 597 | See <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 598 | </div> |
| 599 | </dd> |
| 600 | <dt class="hdlist1">--squash=<commit></dt> |
| 601 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 602 | <p>Construct a commit message for use with <code>rebase</code> <code>--autosquash</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 603 | The commit message subject line is taken from the specified |
| 604 | commit with a prefix of "squash! ". Can be used with additional |
| 605 | commit message options (<code>-m</code>/<code>-c</code>/<code>-C</code>/<code>-F</code>). See |
| 606 | <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 607 | </dd> |
| 608 | <dt class="hdlist1">--reset-author</dt> |
| 609 | <dd> |
| 610 | <p>When used with -C/-c/--amend options, or when committing after a |
| 611 | conflicting cherry-pick, declare that the authorship of the |
| 612 | resulting commit now belongs to the committer. This also renews |
| 613 | the author timestamp.</p> |
| 614 | </dd> |
| 615 | <dt class="hdlist1">--short</dt> |
| 616 | <dd> |
| 617 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in the short-format. See |
| 618 | <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 619 | </dd> |
| 620 | <dt class="hdlist1">--branch</dt> |
| 621 | <dd> |
| 622 | <p>Show the branch and tracking info even in short-format.</p> |
| 623 | </dd> |
| 624 | <dt class="hdlist1">--porcelain</dt> |
| 625 | <dd> |
| 626 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in a porcelain-ready |
| 627 | format. See <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> for details. Implies |
| 628 | <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 629 | </dd> |
| 630 | <dt class="hdlist1">--long</dt> |
| 631 | <dd> |
| 632 | <p>When doing a dry-run, give the output in the long-format. |
| 633 | Implies <code>--dry-run</code>.</p> |
| 634 | </dd> |
| 635 | <dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt> |
| 636 | <dt class="hdlist1">--null</dt> |
| 637 | <dd> |
| 638 | <p>When showing <code>short</code> or <code>porcelain</code> status output, print the |
| 639 | filename verbatim and terminate the entries with NUL, instead of LF. |
| 640 | If no format is given, implies the <code>--porcelain</code> output format. |
| 641 | Without the <code>-z</code> option, filenames with "unusual" characters are |
| 642 | quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> |
| 643 | (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
| 644 | </dd> |
| 645 | <dt class="hdlist1">-F <file></dt> |
| 646 | <dt class="hdlist1">--file=<file></dt> |
| 647 | <dd> |
| 648 | <p>Take the commit message from the given file. Use <em>-</em> to |
| 649 | read the message from the standard input.</p> |
| 650 | </dd> |
| 651 | <dt class="hdlist1">--author=<author></dt> |
| 652 | <dd> |
| 653 | <p>Override the commit author. Specify an explicit author using the |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 654 | standard <code>A</code> <code>U</code> <code>Thor</code> <author@example.<code>com</code>> format. Otherwise <author> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 655 | is assumed to be a pattern and is used to search for an existing |
| 656 | commit by that author (i.e. rev-list --all -i --author=<author>); |
| 657 | the commit author is then copied from the first such commit found.</p> |
| 658 | </dd> |
| 659 | <dt class="hdlist1">--date=<date></dt> |
| 660 | <dd> |
| 661 | <p>Override the author date used in the commit.</p> |
| 662 | </dd> |
| 663 | <dt class="hdlist1">-m <msg></dt> |
| 664 | <dt class="hdlist1">--message=<msg></dt> |
| 665 | <dd> |
| 666 | <p>Use the given <msg> as the commit message. |
| 667 | If multiple <code>-m</code> options are given, their values are |
| 668 | concatenated as separate paragraphs.</p> |
| 669 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 670 | <p>The <code>-m</code> option is mutually exclusive with <code>-c</code>, <code>-C</code>, and <code>-F</code>.</p> |
| 671 | </div> |
| 672 | </dd> |
| 673 | <dt class="hdlist1">-t <file></dt> |
| 674 | <dt class="hdlist1">--template=<file></dt> |
| 675 | <dd> |
| 676 | <p>When editing the commit message, start the editor with the |
| 677 | contents in the given file. The <code>commit.template</code> configuration |
| 678 | variable is often used to give this option implicitly to the |
| 679 | command. This mechanism can be used by projects that want to |
| 680 | guide participants with some hints on what to write in the message |
| 681 | in what order. If the user exits the editor without editing the |
| 682 | message, the commit is aborted. This has no effect when a message |
| 683 | is given by other means, e.g. with the <code>-m</code> or <code>-F</code> options.</p> |
| 684 | </dd> |
| 685 | <dt class="hdlist1">-s</dt> |
| 686 | <dt class="hdlist1">--signoff</dt> |
| 687 | <dt class="hdlist1">--no-signoff</dt> |
| 688 | <dd> |
| 689 | <p>Add a <code>Signed-off-by</code> trailer by the committer at the end of the commit |
| 690 | log message. The meaning of a signoff depends on the project |
| 691 | to which you’re committing. For example, it may certify that |
| 692 | the committer has the rights to submit the work under the |
| 693 | project’s license or agrees to some contributor representation, |
| 694 | such as a Developer Certificate of Origin. |
| 695 | (See <a href="https://developercertificate.org" class="bare">https://developercertificate.org</a> for the one used by the |
| 696 | Linux kernel and Git projects.) Consult the documentation or |
| 697 | leadership of the project to which you’re contributing to |
| 698 | understand how the signoffs are used in that project.</p> |
| 699 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 700 | <p>The --no-signoff option can be used to countermand an earlier --signoff |
| 701 | option on the command line.</p> |
| 702 | </div> |
| 703 | </dd> |
| 704 | <dt class="hdlist1">--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]</dt> |
| 705 | <dd> |
| 706 | <p>Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 707 | trailer. (e.g. <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>--trailer</code> "Signed-off-by:C <code>O</code> <code>Mitter</code> \ |
| 708 | <committer@example.<code>com</code>>" <code>--trailer</code> "Helped-by:C <code>O</code> <code>Mitter</code> \ |
| 709 | <committer@example.<code>com</code>>" will add the "Signed-off-by" trailer |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 710 | and the "Helped-by" trailer to the commit message.) |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 711 | The <code>trailer.</code>* configuration variables |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 712 | (<a href="git-interpret-trailers.html">git-interpret-trailers(1)</a>) can be used to define if |
| 713 | a duplicated trailer is omitted, where in the run of trailers |
| 714 | each trailer would appear, and other details.</p> |
| 715 | </dd> |
| 716 | <dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt> |
| 717 | <dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]verify</dt> |
| 718 | <dd> |
| 719 | <p>By default, the pre-commit and commit-msg hooks are run. |
| 720 | When any of <code>--no-verify</code> or <code>-n</code> is given, these are bypassed. |
| 721 | See also <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a>.</p> |
| 722 | </dd> |
| 723 | <dt class="hdlist1">--allow-empty</dt> |
| 724 | <dd> |
| 725 | <p>Usually recording a commit that has the exact same tree as its |
| 726 | sole parent commit is a mistake, and the command prevents you |
| 727 | from making such a commit. This option bypasses the safety, and |
| 728 | is primarily for use by foreign SCM interface scripts.</p> |
| 729 | </dd> |
| 730 | <dt class="hdlist1">--allow-empty-message</dt> |
| 731 | <dd> |
| 732 | <p>Like --allow-empty this command is primarily for use by foreign |
| 733 | SCM interface scripts. It allows you to create a commit with an |
| 734 | empty commit message without using plumbing commands like |
| 735 | <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>.</p> |
| 736 | </dd> |
| 737 | <dt class="hdlist1">--cleanup=<mode></dt> |
| 738 | <dd> |
| 739 | <p>This option determines how the supplied commit message should be |
| 740 | cleaned up before committing. The <em><mode></em> can be <code>strip</code>, |
| 741 | <code>whitespace</code>, <code>verbatim</code>, <code>scissors</code> or <code>default</code>.</p> |
| 742 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 743 | <div class="content"> |
| 744 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 745 | <dl> |
| 746 | <dt class="hdlist1">strip</dt> |
| 747 | <dd> |
| 748 | <p>Strip leading and trailing empty lines, trailing whitespace, |
| 749 | commentary and collapse consecutive empty lines.</p> |
| 750 | </dd> |
| 751 | <dt class="hdlist1">whitespace</dt> |
| 752 | <dd> |
| 753 | <p>Same as <code>strip</code> except #commentary is not removed.</p> |
| 754 | </dd> |
| 755 | <dt class="hdlist1">verbatim</dt> |
| 756 | <dd> |
| 757 | <p>Do not change the message at all.</p> |
| 758 | </dd> |
| 759 | <dt class="hdlist1">scissors</dt> |
| 760 | <dd> |
| 761 | <p>Same as <code>whitespace</code> except that everything from (and including) |
| 762 | the line found below is truncated, if the message is to be edited. |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 763 | "#" can be customized with core.commentChar.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 764 | <div class="literalblock"> |
| 765 | <div class="content"> |
| 766 | <pre># ------------------------ >8 ------------------------</pre> |
| 767 | </div> |
| 768 | </div> |
| 769 | </dd> |
| 770 | <dt class="hdlist1">default</dt> |
| 771 | <dd> |
| 772 | <p>Same as <code>strip</code> if the message is to be edited. |
| 773 | Otherwise <code>whitespace</code>.</p> |
| 774 | </dd> |
| 775 | </dl> |
| 776 | </div> |
| 777 | </div> |
| 778 | </div> |
| 779 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 780 | <p>The default can be changed by the <code>commit.cleanup</code> configuration |
| 781 | variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> |
| 782 | </div> |
| 783 | </dd> |
| 784 | <dt class="hdlist1">-e</dt> |
| 785 | <dt class="hdlist1">--edit</dt> |
| 786 | <dd> |
| 787 | <p>The message taken from file with <code>-F</code>, command line with |
| 788 | <code>-m</code>, and from commit object with <code>-C</code> are usually used as |
| 789 | the commit log message unmodified. This option lets you |
| 790 | further edit the message taken from these sources.</p> |
| 791 | </dd> |
| 792 | <dt class="hdlist1">--no-edit</dt> |
| 793 | <dd> |
| 794 | <p>Use the selected commit message without launching an editor. |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 795 | For example, <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>--amend</code> <code>--no-edit</code> amends a commit |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 796 | without changing its commit message.</p> |
| 797 | </dd> |
| 798 | <dt class="hdlist1">--amend</dt> |
| 799 | <dd> |
| 800 | <p>Replace the tip of the current branch by creating a new |
| 801 | commit. The recorded tree is prepared as usual (including |
| 802 | the effect of the <code>-i</code> and <code>-o</code> options and explicit |
| 803 | pathspec), and the message from the original commit is used |
| 804 | as the starting point, instead of an empty message, when no |
| 805 | other message is specified from the command line via options |
| 806 | such as <code>-m</code>, <code>-F</code>, <code>-c</code>, etc. The new commit has the same |
| 807 | parents and author as the current one (the <code>--reset-author</code> |
| 808 | option can countermand this).</p> |
| 809 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 810 | <div class="content"> |
| 811 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 812 | <p>It is a rough equivalent for:</p> |
| 813 | </div> |
| 814 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 815 | <div class="content"> |
| 816 | <pre> $ git reset --soft HEAD^ |
| 817 | $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ... |
| 818 | $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD</pre> |
| 819 | </div> |
| 820 | </div> |
| 821 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 822 | <p>but can be used to amend a merge commit.</p> |
| 823 | </div> |
| 824 | </div> |
| 825 | </div> |
| 826 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 827 | <p>You should understand the implications of rewriting history if you |
| 828 | amend a commit that has already been published. (See the "RECOVERING |
| 829 | FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a>.)</p> |
| 830 | </div> |
| 831 | </dd> |
| 832 | <dt class="hdlist1">--no-post-rewrite</dt> |
| 833 | <dd> |
| 834 | <p>Bypass the post-rewrite hook.</p> |
| 835 | </dd> |
| 836 | <dt class="hdlist1">-i</dt> |
| 837 | <dt class="hdlist1">--include</dt> |
| 838 | <dd> |
| 839 | <p>Before making a commit out of staged contents so far, |
| 840 | stage the contents of paths given on the command line |
| 841 | as well. This is usually not what you want unless you |
| 842 | are concluding a conflicted merge.</p> |
| 843 | </dd> |
| 844 | <dt class="hdlist1">-o</dt> |
| 845 | <dt class="hdlist1">--only</dt> |
| 846 | <dd> |
| 847 | <p>Make a commit by taking the updated working tree contents |
| 848 | of the paths specified on the |
| 849 | command line, disregarding any contents that have been |
| 850 | staged for other paths. This is the default mode of operation of |
| 851 | <em>git commit</em> if any paths are given on the command line, |
| 852 | in which case this option can be omitted. |
| 853 | If this option is specified together with <code>--amend</code>, then |
| 854 | no paths need to be specified, which can be used to amend |
| 855 | the last commit without committing changes that have |
| 856 | already been staged. If used together with <code>--allow-empty</code> |
| 857 | paths are also not required, and an empty commit will be created.</p> |
| 858 | </dd> |
| 859 | <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-from-file=<file></dt> |
| 860 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 861 | <p>Pathspec is passed in <em><file></em> instead of commandline args. If |
| 862 | <em><file></em> is exactly <code>-</code> then standard input is used. Pathspec |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 863 | elements are separated by LF or CR/LF. Pathspec elements can be |
| 864 | quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> |
| 865 | (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). See also <code>--pathspec-file-nul</code> and |
| 866 | global <code>--literal-pathspecs</code>.</p> |
| 867 | </dd> |
| 868 | <dt class="hdlist1">--pathspec-file-nul</dt> |
| 869 | <dd> |
| 870 | <p>Only meaningful with <code>--pathspec-from-file</code>. Pathspec elements are |
| 871 | separated with NUL character and all other characters are taken |
| 872 | literally (including newlines and quotes).</p> |
| 873 | </dd> |
| 874 | <dt class="hdlist1">-u[<mode>]</dt> |
| 875 | <dt class="hdlist1">--untracked-files[=<mode>]</dt> |
| 876 | <dd> |
| 877 | <p>Show untracked files.</p> |
| 878 | <div class="openblock"> |
| 879 | <div class="content"> |
| 880 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 881 | <p>The mode parameter is optional (defaults to <em>all</em>), and is used to |
| 882 | specify the handling of untracked files; when -u is not used, the |
| 883 | default is <em>normal</em>, i.e. show untracked files and directories.</p> |
| 884 | </div> |
| 885 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 886 | <p>The possible options are:</p> |
| 887 | </div> |
| 888 | <div class="ulist"> |
| 889 | <ul> |
| 890 | <li> |
| 891 | <p><em>no</em> - Show no untracked files</p> |
| 892 | </li> |
| 893 | <li> |
| 894 | <p><em>normal</em> - Shows untracked files and directories</p> |
| 895 | </li> |
| 896 | <li> |
| 897 | <p><em>all</em> - Also shows individual files in untracked directories.</p> |
| 898 | </li> |
| 899 | </ul> |
| 900 | </div> |
| 901 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 902 | <p>All usual spellings for Boolean value <code>true</code> are taken as <code>normal</code> |
| 903 | and <code>false</code> as <code>no</code>. |
| 904 | The default can be changed using the status.showUntrackedFiles |
| 905 | configuration variable documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 906 | </div> |
| 907 | </div> |
| 908 | </div> |
| 909 | </dd> |
| 910 | <dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt> |
| 911 | <dt class="hdlist1">--verbose</dt> |
| 912 | <dd> |
| 913 | <p>Show unified diff between the HEAD commit and what |
| 914 | would be committed at the bottom of the commit message |
| 915 | template to help the user describe the commit by reminding |
| 916 | what changes the commit has. |
| 917 | Note that this diff output doesn’t have its |
| 918 | lines prefixed with <em>#</em>. This diff will not be a part |
| 919 | of the commit message. See the <code>commit.verbose</code> configuration |
| 920 | variable in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 921 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 922 | <p>If specified twice, show in addition the unified diff between |
| 923 | what would be committed and the worktree files, i.e. the unstaged |
| 924 | changes to tracked files.</p> |
| 925 | </div> |
| 926 | </dd> |
| 927 | <dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt> |
| 928 | <dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt> |
| 929 | <dd> |
| 930 | <p>Suppress commit summary message.</p> |
| 931 | </dd> |
| 932 | <dt class="hdlist1">--dry-run</dt> |
| 933 | <dd> |
| 934 | <p>Do not create a commit, but show a list of paths that are |
| 935 | to be committed, paths with local changes that will be left |
| 936 | uncommitted and paths that are untracked.</p> |
| 937 | </dd> |
| 938 | <dt class="hdlist1">--status</dt> |
| 939 | <dd> |
| 940 | <p>Include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the commit |
| 941 | message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
| 942 | message. Defaults to on, but can be used to override |
| 943 | configuration variable commit.status.</p> |
| 944 | </dd> |
| 945 | <dt class="hdlist1">--no-status</dt> |
| 946 | <dd> |
| 947 | <p>Do not include the output of <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> in the |
| 948 | commit message template when using an editor to prepare the |
| 949 | default commit message.</p> |
| 950 | </dd> |
| 951 | <dt class="hdlist1">-S[<keyid>]</dt> |
| 952 | <dt class="hdlist1">--gpg-sign[=<keyid>]</dt> |
| 953 | <dt class="hdlist1">--no-gpg-sign</dt> |
| 954 | <dd> |
| 955 | <p>GPG-sign commits. The <code>keyid</code> argument is optional and |
| 956 | defaults to the committer identity; if specified, it must be |
| 957 | stuck to the option without a space. <code>--no-gpg-sign</code> is useful to |
| 958 | countermand both <code>commit.gpgSign</code> configuration variable, and |
| 959 | earlier <code>--gpg-sign</code>.</p> |
| 960 | </dd> |
| 961 | <dt class="hdlist1">--</dt> |
| 962 | <dd> |
| 963 | <p>Do not interpret any more arguments as options.</p> |
| 964 | </dd> |
| 965 | <dt class="hdlist1"><pathspec>…​</dt> |
| 966 | <dd> |
| 967 | <p>When pathspec is given on the command line, commit the contents of |
| 968 | the files that match the pathspec without recording the changes |
| 969 | already added to the index. The contents of these files are also |
| 970 | staged for the next commit on top of what have been staged before.</p> |
| 971 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 972 | <p>For more details, see the <em>pathspec</em> entry in <a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>.</p> |
| 973 | </div> |
| 974 | </dd> |
| 975 | </dl> |
| 976 | </div> |
| 977 | </div> |
| 978 | </div> |
| 979 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 980 | <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2> |
| 981 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 982 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 983 | <p>When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in |
| 984 | your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area |
| 985 | called the "index" with <em>git add</em>. A file can be |
| 986 | reverted back, only in the index but not in the working tree, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 987 | to that of the last commit with <code>git</code> <code>restore</code> <code>--staged</code> <em><file></em>, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 988 | which effectively reverts <em>git add</em> and prevents the changes to |
| 989 | this file from participating in the next commit. After building |
| 990 | the state to be committed incrementally with these commands, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 991 | <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 992 | has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the |
| 993 | command. An example:</p> |
| 994 | </div> |
| 995 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 996 | <div class="content"> |
| 997 | <pre>$ edit hello.c |
| 998 | $ git rm goodbye.c |
| 999 | $ git add hello.c |
| 1000 | $ git commit</pre> |
| 1001 | </div> |
| 1002 | </div> |
| 1003 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1004 | <p>Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1005 | tell <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> to notice the changes to the files whose |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1006 | contents are tracked in |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1007 | your working tree and do corresponding <code>git</code> <code>add</code> and <code>git</code> <code>rm</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1008 | for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier |
| 1009 | example if there is no other change in your working tree:</p> |
| 1010 | </div> |
| 1011 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1012 | <div class="content"> |
| 1013 | <pre>$ edit hello.c |
| 1014 | $ rm goodbye.c |
| 1015 | $ git commit -a</pre> |
| 1016 | </div> |
| 1017 | </div> |
| 1018 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1019 | <p>The command <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> <code>-a</code> first looks at your working tree, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1020 | notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1021 | and performs necessary <code>git</code> <code>add</code> and <code>git</code> <code>rm</code> for you.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1022 | </div> |
| 1023 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1024 | <p>After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1025 | changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1026 | When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that |
| 1027 | only records the changes made to the named paths:</p> |
| 1028 | </div> |
| 1029 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1030 | <div class="content"> |
| 1031 | <pre>$ edit hello.c hello.h |
| 1032 | $ git add hello.c hello.h |
| 1033 | $ edit Makefile |
| 1034 | $ git commit Makefile</pre> |
| 1035 | </div> |
| 1036 | </div> |
| 1037 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1038 | <p>This makes a commit that records the modification to <code>Makefile</code>. |
| 1039 | The changes staged for <code>hello.c</code> and <code>hello.h</code> are not included |
| 1040 | in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost — they are still staged and merely held back. After the above |
| 1041 | sequence, if you do:</p> |
| 1042 | </div> |
| 1043 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1044 | <div class="content"> |
| 1045 | <pre>$ git commit</pre> |
| 1046 | </div> |
| 1047 | </div> |
| 1048 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1049 | <p>this second commit would record the changes to <code>hello.c</code> and |
| 1050 | <code>hello.h</code> as expected.</p> |
| 1051 | </div> |
| 1052 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1053 | <p>After a merge (initiated by <em>git merge</em> or <em>git pull</em>) stops |
| 1054 | because of conflicts, cleanly merged |
| 1055 | paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that |
| 1056 | conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first |
| 1057 | check which paths are conflicting with <em>git status</em> |
| 1058 | and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would |
| 1059 | stage the result as usual with <em>git add</em>:</p> |
| 1060 | </div> |
| 1061 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1062 | <div class="content"> |
| 1063 | <pre>$ git status | grep unmerged |
| 1064 | unmerged: hello.c |
| 1065 | $ edit hello.c |
| 1066 | $ git add hello.c</pre> |
| 1067 | </div> |
| 1068 | </div> |
| 1069 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1070 | <p>After resolving conflicts and staging the result, <code>git</code> <code>ls-files</code> <code>-u</code> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1071 | would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done, |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1072 | run <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> to finally record the merge:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1073 | </div> |
| 1074 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1075 | <div class="content"> |
| 1076 | <pre>$ git commit</pre> |
| 1077 | </div> |
| 1078 | </div> |
| 1079 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1080 | <p>As with the case to record your own changes, you can use <code>-a</code> |
| 1081 | option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1082 | resolution, you cannot use <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> with pathnames to |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1083 | alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge |
| 1084 | should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command |
| 1085 | refuses to run when given pathnames (but see <code>-i</code> option).</p> |
| 1086 | </div> |
| 1087 | </div> |
| 1088 | </div> |
| 1089 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1090 | <h2 id="_commit_information">COMMIT INFORMATION</h2> |
| 1091 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1092 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1093 | <p>Author and committer information is taken from the following environment |
| 1094 | variables, if set:</p> |
| 1095 | </div> |
| 1096 | <div class="literalblock"> |
| 1097 | <div class="content"> |
| 1098 | <pre>GIT_AUTHOR_NAME |
| 1099 | GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL |
| 1100 | GIT_AUTHOR_DATE |
| 1101 | GIT_COMMITTER_NAME |
| 1102 | GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL |
| 1103 | GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</pre> |
| 1104 | </div> |
| 1105 | </div> |
| 1106 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1107 | <p>(nb "<", ">" and "\n"s are stripped)</p> |
| 1108 | </div> |
| 1109 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1110 | <p>The author and committer names are by convention some form of a personal name |
| 1111 | (that is, the name by which other humans refer to you), although Git does not |
| 1112 | enforce or require any particular form. Arbitrary Unicode may be used, subject |
| 1113 | to the constraints listed above. This name has no effect on authentication; for |
| 1114 | that, see the <code>credential.username</code> variable in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p> |
| 1115 | </div> |
| 1116 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1117 | <p>In case (some of) these environment variables are not set, the information |
| 1118 | is taken from the configuration items <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code>, or, if not |
| 1119 | present, the environment variable EMAIL, or, if that is not set, |
| 1120 | system user name and the hostname used for outgoing mail (taken |
| 1121 | from <code>/etc/mailname</code> and falling back to the fully qualified hostname when |
| 1122 | that file does not exist).</p> |
| 1123 | </div> |
| 1124 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1125 | <p>The <code>author.name</code> and <code>committer.name</code> and their corresponding email options |
| 1126 | override <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code> if set and are overridden themselves by |
| 1127 | the environment variables.</p> |
| 1128 | </div> |
| 1129 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1130 | <p>The typical usage is to set just the <code>user.name</code> and <code>user.email</code> variables; |
| 1131 | the other options are provided for more complex use cases.</p> |
| 1132 | </div> |
| 1133 | </div> |
| 1134 | </div> |
| 1135 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1136 | <h2 id="_date_formats">DATE FORMATS</h2> |
| 1137 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1138 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1139 | <p>The <code>GIT_AUTHOR_DATE</code> and <code>GIT_COMMITTER_DATE</code> environment variables |
| 1140 | support the following date formats:</p> |
| 1141 | </div> |
| 1142 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1143 | <dl> |
| 1144 | <dt class="hdlist1">Git internal format</dt> |
| 1145 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1146 | <p>It is <em><unix-timestamp></em> <em><time-zone-offset></em>, where |
| 1147 | <em><unix-timestamp></em> is the number of seconds since the UNIX epoch. |
| 1148 | <em><time-zone-offset></em> is a positive or negative offset from UTC. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1149 | For example CET (which is 1 hour ahead of UTC) is <code>+0100</code>.</p> |
| 1150 | </dd> |
| 1151 | <dt class="hdlist1">RFC 2822</dt> |
| 1152 | <dd> |
| 1153 | <p>The standard date format as described by RFC 2822, for example |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1154 | <code>Thu,</code> <code>07</code> <code>Apr</code> <code>2005</code> <code>22:13:13</code> <code>+0200</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1155 | </dd> |
| 1156 | <dt class="hdlist1">ISO 8601</dt> |
| 1157 | <dd> |
| 1158 | <p>Time and date specified by the ISO 8601 standard, for example |
| 1159 | <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>. The parser accepts a space instead of the |
| 1160 | <code>T</code> character as well. Fractional parts of a second will be ignored, |
| 1161 | for example <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13.019</code> will be treated as |
| 1162 | <code>2005-04-07T22:13:13</code>.</p> |
| 1163 | <div class="admonitionblock note"> |
| 1164 | <table> |
| 1165 | <tr> |
| 1166 | <td class="icon"> |
| 1167 | <div class="title">Note</div> |
| 1168 | </td> |
| 1169 | <td class="content"> |
| 1170 | In addition, the date part is accepted in the following formats: |
| 1171 | <code>YYYY.MM.DD</code>, <code>MM/DD/YYYY</code> and <code>DD.MM.YYYY</code>. |
| 1172 | </td> |
| 1173 | </tr> |
| 1174 | </table> |
| 1175 | </div> |
| 1176 | </dd> |
| 1177 | </dl> |
| 1178 | </div> |
| 1179 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1180 | <p>In addition to recognizing all date formats above, the <code>--date</code> option |
| 1181 | will also try to make sense of other, more human-centric date formats, |
| 1182 | such as relative dates like "yesterday" or "last Friday at noon".</p> |
| 1183 | </div> |
| 1184 | </div> |
| 1185 | </div> |
| 1186 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1187 | <h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2> |
| 1188 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1189 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1190 | <p>Though not required, it’s a good idea to begin the commit message |
| 1191 | with a single short (no more than 50 characters) line summarizing the |
| 1192 | change, followed by a blank line and then a more thorough description. |
| 1193 | The text up to the first blank line in a commit message is treated |
| 1194 | as the commit title, and that title is used throughout Git. |
| 1195 | For example, <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> turns a commit into email, and it uses |
| 1196 | the title on the Subject line and the rest of the commit in the body.</p> |
| 1197 | </div> |
| 1198 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1199 | <p>Git is to some extent character encoding agnostic.</p> |
| 1200 | </div> |
| 1201 | <div class="ulist"> |
| 1202 | <ul> |
| 1203 | <li> |
| 1204 | <p>The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequences |
| 1205 | of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core |
| 1206 | level.</p> |
| 1207 | </li> |
| 1208 | <li> |
| 1209 | <p>Path names are encoded in UTF-8 normalization form C. This |
| 1210 | applies to tree objects, the index file, ref names, as well as |
| 1211 | path names in command line arguments, environment variables |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1212 | and config files (.<code>git/config</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>), |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1213 | <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>, <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> and |
| 1214 | <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>).</p> |
| 1215 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1216 | <p>Note that Git at the core level treats path names simply as |
| 1217 | sequences of non-NUL bytes, there are no path name encoding |
| 1218 | conversions (except on Mac and Windows). Therefore, using |
| 1219 | non-ASCII path names will mostly work even on platforms and file |
| 1220 | systems that use legacy extended ASCII encodings. However, |
| 1221 | repositories created on such systems will not work properly on |
| 1222 | UTF-8-based systems (e.g. Linux, Mac, Windows) and vice versa. |
| 1223 | Additionally, many Git-based tools simply assume path names to |
| 1224 | be UTF-8 and will fail to display other encodings correctly.</p> |
| 1225 | </div> |
| 1226 | </li> |
| 1227 | <li> |
| 1228 | <p>Commit log messages are typically encoded in UTF-8, but other |
| 1229 | extended ASCII encodings are also supported. This includes |
| 1230 | ISO-8859-x, CP125x and many others, but <em>not</em> UTF-16/32, |
| 1231 | EBCDIC and CJK multi-byte encodings (GBK, Shift-JIS, Big5, |
| 1232 | EUC-x, CP9xx etc.).</p> |
| 1233 | </li> |
| 1234 | </ul> |
| 1235 | </div> |
| 1236 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1237 | <p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded |
| 1238 | in UTF-8, both the core and Git Porcelain are designed not to |
| 1239 | force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular |
| 1240 | project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, Git |
| 1241 | does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in |
| 1242 | mind.</p> |
| 1243 | </div> |
| 1244 | <div class="olist arabic"> |
| 1245 | <ol class="arabic"> |
| 1246 | <li> |
| 1247 | <p><em>git commit</em> and <em>git commit-tree</em> issue |
| 1248 | a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look |
| 1249 | like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your |
| 1250 | project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1251 | have <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in .<code>git/config</code> file, like this:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1252 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1253 | <div class="content"> |
| 1254 | <pre>[i18n] |
| 1255 | commitEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre> |
| 1256 | </div> |
| 1257 | </div> |
| 1258 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1259 | <p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value |
| 1260 | of <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> in their <code>encoding</code> header. This is to |
| 1261 | help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header |
| 1262 | implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p> |
| 1263 | </div> |
| 1264 | </li> |
| 1265 | <li> |
| 1266 | <p><em>git log</em>, <em>git show</em>, <em>git blame</em> and friends look at the |
| 1267 | <code>encoding</code> header of a commit object, and try to re-code the |
| 1268 | log message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can |
| 1269 | specify the desired output encoding with |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1270 | <code>i18n.logOutputEncoding</code> in .<code>git/config</code> file, like this:</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1271 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 1272 | <div class="content"> |
| 1273 | <pre>[i18n] |
| 1274 | logOutputEncoding = ISO-8859-1</pre> |
| 1275 | </div> |
| 1276 | </div> |
| 1277 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1278 | <p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of |
| 1279 | <code>i18n.commitEncoding</code> is used instead.</p> |
| 1280 | </div> |
| 1281 | </li> |
| 1282 | </ol> |
| 1283 | </div> |
| 1284 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1285 | <p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log |
| 1286 | message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit |
| 1287 | object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a |
| 1288 | reversible operation.</p> |
| 1289 | </div> |
| 1290 | </div> |
| 1291 | </div> |
| 1292 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1293 | <h2 id="_environment_and_configuration_variables">ENVIRONMENT AND CONFIGURATION VARIABLES</h2> |
| 1294 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1295 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1296 | <p>The editor used to edit the commit log message will be chosen from the |
| 1297 | <code>GIT_EDITOR</code> environment variable, the core.editor configuration variable, the |
| 1298 | <code>VISUAL</code> environment variable, or the <code>EDITOR</code> environment variable (in that |
| 1299 | order). See <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a> for details.</p> |
| 1300 | </div> |
| 1301 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1302 | <p>Everything above this line in this section isn’t included from the |
| 1303 | <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content that follows is the |
| 1304 | same as what’s found there:</p> |
| 1305 | </div> |
| 1306 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1307 | <dl> |
| 1308 | <dt class="hdlist1">commit.cleanup</dt> |
| 1309 | <dd> |
| 1310 | <p>This setting overrides the default of the <code>--cleanup</code> option in |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1311 | <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> for details. Changing the |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1312 | default can be useful when you always want to keep lines that begin |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1313 | with the comment character # in your log message, in which case you |
| 1314 | would do <code>git</code> <code>config</code> <code>commit.cleanup</code> <code>whitespace</code> (note that you will |
| 1315 | have to remove the help lines that begin with # in the commit log |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1316 | template yourself, if you do this).</p> |
| 1317 | </dd> |
| 1318 | <dt class="hdlist1">commit.gpgSign</dt> |
| 1319 | <dd> |
| 1320 | <p>A boolean to specify whether all commits should be GPG signed. |
| 1321 | Use of this option when doing operations such as rebase can |
| 1322 | result in a large number of commits being signed. It may be |
| 1323 | convenient to use an agent to avoid typing your GPG passphrase |
| 1324 | several times.</p> |
| 1325 | </dd> |
| 1326 | <dt class="hdlist1">commit.status</dt> |
| 1327 | <dd> |
| 1328 | <p>A boolean to enable/disable inclusion of status information in the |
| 1329 | commit message template when using an editor to prepare the commit |
| 1330 | message. Defaults to true.</p> |
| 1331 | </dd> |
| 1332 | <dt class="hdlist1">commit.template</dt> |
| 1333 | <dd> |
| 1334 | <p>Specify the pathname of a file to use as the template for |
| 1335 | new commit messages.</p> |
| 1336 | </dd> |
| 1337 | <dt class="hdlist1">commit.verbose</dt> |
| 1338 | <dd> |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1339 | <p>A boolean or int to specify the level of verbosity with <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>. |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1340 | See <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>.</p> |
| 1341 | </dd> |
| 1342 | </dl> |
| 1343 | </div> |
| 1344 | </div> |
| 1345 | </div> |
| 1346 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1347 | <h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2> |
| 1348 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1349 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1350 | <p>This command can run <code>commit-msg</code>, <code>prepare-commit-msg</code>, <code>pre-commit</code>, |
| 1351 | <code>post-commit</code> and <code>post-rewrite</code> hooks. See <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more |
| 1352 | information.</p> |
| 1353 | </div> |
| 1354 | </div> |
| 1355 | </div> |
| 1356 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1357 | <h2 id="_files">FILES</h2> |
| 1358 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1359 | <div class="dlist"> |
| 1360 | <dl> |
| 1361 | <dt class="hdlist1"><code>$GIT_DIR/COMMIT_EDITMSG</code></dt> |
| 1362 | <dd> |
| 1363 | <p>This file contains the commit message of a commit in progress. |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1364 | If <code>git</code> <code>commit</code> exits due to an error before creating a commit, |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1365 | any commit message that has been provided by the user (e.g., in |
| 1366 | an editor session) will be available in this file, but will be |
| Junio C Hamano | dc39238 | 2024-10-11 18:57:29 | [diff] [blame] | 1367 | overwritten by the next invocation of <code>git</code> <code>commit</code>.</p> |
| Junio C Hamano | b96f40a | 2024-08-01 00:57:25 | [diff] [blame] | 1368 | </dd> |
| 1369 | </dl> |
| 1370 | </div> |
| 1371 | </div> |
| 1372 | </div> |
| 1373 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1374 | <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> |
| 1375 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1376 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1377 | <p><a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>, |
| 1378 | <a href="git-rm.html">git-rm(1)</a>, |
| 1379 | <a href="git-mv.html">git-mv(1)</a>, |
| 1380 | <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>, |
| 1381 | <a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a></p> |
| 1382 | </div> |
| 1383 | </div> |
| 1384 | </div> |
| 1385 | <div class="sect1"> |
| 1386 | <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| 1387 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 1388 | <div class="paragraph"> |
| 1389 | <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> |
| 1390 | </div> |
| 1391 | </div> |
| 1392 | </div> |
| 1393 | </div> |
| 1394 | <div id="footer"> |
| 1395 | <div id="footer-text"> |
| 1396 | Last updated 2024-07-31 17:55:56 -0700 |
| 1397 | </div> |
| 1398 | </div> |
| 1399 | </body> |
| 1400 | </html> |
