| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" |
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| 569 | </head> |
| 570 | <body> |
| 571 | <div id="header"> |
| 572 | <h1> |
| 573 | gitcredentials(7) Manual Page |
| 574 | </h1> |
| 575 | <h2>NAME</h2> |
| 576 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 577 | <p>gitcredentials - |
| 578 | providing usernames and passwords to git |
| 579 | </p> |
| 580 | </div> |
| 581 | </div> |
| 582 | <div id="content"> |
| 583 | <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> |
| 584 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 585 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 586 | <div class="content"> |
| 587 | <pre><tt>git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername |
| 588 | git config credential.helper "$helper $options"</tt></pre> |
| 589 | </div></div> |
| 590 | </div> |
| 591 | <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> |
| 592 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 593 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform |
| 594 | operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password |
| 595 | in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes |
| 596 | the mechanisms git uses to request these credentials, as well as some |
| 597 | features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.</p></div> |
| 598 | </div> |
| 599 | <h2 id="_requesting_credentials">REQUESTING CREDENTIALS</h2> |
| 600 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 601 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Without any credential helpers defined, git will try the following |
| 602 | strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:</p></div> |
| 603 | <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> |
| 604 | <li> |
| 605 | <p> |
| 606 | If the <tt>GIT_ASKPASS</tt> environment variable is set, the program |
| 607 | specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided |
| 608 | to the program on the command line, and the user’s input is read |
| 609 | from its standard output. |
| 610 | </p> |
| 611 | </li> |
| 612 | <li> |
| 613 | <p> |
| 614 | Otherwise, if the <tt>core.askpass</tt> configuration variable is set, its |
| 615 | value is used as above. |
| 616 | </p> |
| 617 | </li> |
| 618 | <li> |
| 619 | <p> |
| 620 | Otherwise, if the <tt>SSH_ASKPASS</tt> environment variable is set, its |
| 621 | value is used as above. |
| 622 | </p> |
| 623 | </li> |
| 624 | <li> |
| 625 | <p> |
| 626 | Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal. |
| 627 | </p> |
| 628 | </li> |
| 629 | </ol></div> |
| 630 | </div> |
| 631 | <h2 id="_avoiding_repetition">AVOIDING REPETITION</h2> |
| 632 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 633 | <div class="paragraph"><p>It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git |
| 634 | provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:</p></div> |
| 635 | <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> |
| 636 | <li> |
| 637 | <p> |
| 638 | Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context. |
| 639 | </p> |
| 640 | </li> |
| 641 | <li> |
| 642 | <p> |
| 643 | Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with |
| 644 | a system password wallet or keychain. |
| 645 | </p> |
| 646 | </li> |
| 647 | </ol></div> |
| 648 | <div class="paragraph"><p>The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available |
| 649 | for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:</p></div> |
| 650 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 651 | <div class="content"> |
| 652 | <pre><tt>[credential "https://example.com"] |
| 653 | username = me</tt></pre> |
| 654 | </div></div> |
| 655 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which git can |
| 656 | request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure |
| 657 | storage provided by the OS or other programs.</p></div> |
| 658 | <div class="paragraph"><p>To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently |
| 659 | includes the following helpers:</p></div> |
| 660 | <div class="dlist"><dl> |
| 661 | <dt class="hdlist1"> |
| 662 | cache |
| 663 | </dt> |
| 664 | <dd> |
| 665 | <p> |
| 666 | Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See |
| Junio C Hamano | a28a920 | 2012-06-21 07:08:23 | [diff] [blame] | 667 | <a href="git-credential-cache.html">git-credential-cache(1)</a> for details. |
| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 668 | </p> |
| 669 | </dd> |
| 670 | <dt class="hdlist1"> |
| 671 | store |
| 672 | </dt> |
| 673 | <dd> |
| 674 | <p> |
| 675 | Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See |
| Junio C Hamano | a28a920 | 2012-06-21 07:08:23 | [diff] [blame] | 676 | <a href="git-credential-store.html">git-credential-store(1)</a> for details. |
| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 677 | </p> |
| 678 | </dd> |
| 679 | </dl></div> |
| 680 | <div class="paragraph"><p>You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for |
| 681 | <tt>credential-*</tt> in the output of <tt>git help -a</tt>, and consult the |
| 682 | documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, |
| 683 | you can tell git to use it by putting its name into the |
| 684 | credential.helper variable.</p></div> |
| 685 | <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> |
| 686 | <li> |
| 687 | <p> |
| 688 | Find a helper. |
| 689 | </p> |
| 690 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 691 | <div class="content"> |
| 692 | <pre><tt>$ git help -a | grep credential- |
| 693 | credential-foo</tt></pre> |
| 694 | </div></div> |
| 695 | </li> |
| 696 | <li> |
| 697 | <p> |
| 698 | Read its description. |
| 699 | </p> |
| 700 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 701 | <div class="content"> |
| 702 | <pre><tt>$ git help credential-foo</tt></pre> |
| 703 | </div></div> |
| 704 | </li> |
| 705 | <li> |
| 706 | <p> |
| 707 | Tell git to use it. |
| 708 | </p> |
| 709 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 710 | <div class="content"> |
| 711 | <pre><tt>$ git config --global credential.helper foo</tt></pre> |
| 712 | </div></div> |
| 713 | </li> |
| 714 | </ol></div> |
| 715 | <div class="paragraph"><p>If there are multiple instances of the <tt>credential.helper</tt> configuration |
| 716 | variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, |
| 717 | password, or nothing. Once git has acquired both a username and a |
| 718 | password, no more helpers will be tried.</p></div> |
| 719 | </div> |
| 720 | <h2 id="_credential_contexts">CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS</h2> |
| 721 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 722 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context |
| 723 | is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any |
| 724 | helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.</p></div> |
| 725 | <div class="paragraph"><p>For instance, imagine we are accessing <tt>https://example.com/foo.git</tt>. When git |
| 726 | looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will |
| 727 | consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the |
| 728 | pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:</p></div> |
| 729 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 730 | <div class="content"> |
| 731 | <pre><tt>[credential "https://example.com"] |
| 732 | username = foo</tt></pre> |
| 733 | </div></div> |
| 734 | <div class="paragraph"><p>then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and |
| 735 | the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this |
| 736 | context would not match:</p></div> |
| 737 | <div class="listingblock"> |
| 738 | <div class="content"> |
| 739 | <pre><tt>[credential "https://kernel.org"] |
| 740 | username = foo</tt></pre> |
| 741 | </div></div> |
| 742 | <div class="paragraph"><p>because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match <tt>foo.example.com</tt>; git |
| 743 | compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of |
| 744 | the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for <tt>http://example.com</tt> would not |
| 745 | match: git compares the protocols exactly.</p></div> |
| 746 | </div> |
| 747 | <h2 id="_configuration_options">CONFIGURATION OPTIONS</h2> |
| 748 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 749 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Options for a credential context can be configured either in |
| 750 | <tt>credential.*</tt> (which applies to all credentials), or |
| Junio C Hamano | b76a686 | 2012-05-02 22:02:46 | [diff] [blame] | 751 | <tt>credential.<url>.*</tt>, where <url> matches the context as described |
| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 752 | above.</p></div> |
| 753 | <div class="paragraph"><p>The following options are available in either location:</p></div> |
| 754 | <div class="dlist"><dl> |
| 755 | <dt class="hdlist1"> |
| 756 | helper |
| 757 | </dt> |
| 758 | <dd> |
| 759 | <p> |
| 760 | The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options. |
| 761 | If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string <tt>git |
| 762 | credential-</tt> is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the |
| 763 | shell (so, for example, setting this to <tt>foo --option=bar</tt> will execute |
| 764 | <tt>git credential-foo --option=bar</tt> via the shell. See the manual of |
| 765 | specific helpers for examples of their use. |
| 766 | </p> |
| 767 | </dd> |
| 768 | <dt class="hdlist1"> |
| 769 | username |
| 770 | </dt> |
| 771 | <dd> |
| 772 | <p> |
| 773 | A default username, if one is not provided in the URL. |
| 774 | </p> |
| 775 | </dd> |
| 776 | <dt class="hdlist1"> |
| 777 | useHttpPath |
| 778 | </dt> |
| 779 | <dd> |
| 780 | <p> |
| 781 | By default, git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL |
| 782 | to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential |
| 783 | stored for <tt>https://example.com/foo.git</tt> will also be used for |
| 784 | <tt>https://example.com/bar.git</tt>. If you do want to distinguish these |
| 785 | cases, set this option to <tt>true</tt>. |
| 786 | </p> |
| 787 | </dd> |
| 788 | </dl></div> |
| 789 | </div> |
| 790 | <h2 id="_custom_helpers">CUSTOM HELPERS</h2> |
| 791 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| 792 | <div class="paragraph"><p>You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in |
| 793 | which you keep credentials. See the documentation for git’s |
| 794 | <a href="technical/api-credentials.html">credentials API</a> for details.</p></div> |
| 795 | </div> |
| 796 | <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> |
| 797 | <div class="sectionbody"> |
| Junio C Hamano | a28a920 | 2012-06-21 07:08:23 | [diff] [blame] | 798 | <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> |
| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 799 | </div> |
| 800 | </div> |
| 801 | <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> |
| 802 | <div id="footer"> |
| 803 | <div id="footer-text"> |
| Junio C Hamano | b76a686 | 2012-05-02 22:02:46 | [diff] [blame] | 804 | Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT |
| Junio C Hamano | 0df9271 | 2011-12-21 22:30:44 | [diff] [blame] | 805 | </div> |
| 806 | </div> |
| 807 | </body> |
| 808 | </html> |
