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Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:226<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 8.5.2" />
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:597<title>git-whatchanged(1)</title>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:238<style type="text/css">
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Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23435</style>
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437/*<![CDATA[*/
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441/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
442// Table Of Contents generator
443/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
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445/* Author: Mihai Bazon, September 2002
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448 * Table Of Content generator
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451 * Feel free to use this script under the terms of the GNU General Public
452 * License, as long as you do not remove or alter this notice.
453 */
454
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517
518/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
519// Footnotes generator
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522/* Based on footnote generation code from:
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566}
567/*]]>*/
568</script>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23569</head>
570<body>
571<div id="header">
572<h1>
573git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
574</h1>
575<h2>NAME</h2>
576<div class="sectionbody">
577<p>git-whatchanged -
Junio C Hamano01078922006-03-10 00:31:47578 Show logs with difference each commit introduces
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23579</p>
580</div>
581</div>
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:22582<div id="content">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59583<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23584<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano15567bc2011-07-23 00:51:59585<div class="verseblock">
586<div class="verseblock-content"><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</div>
587<div class="verseblock-attribution">
588</div></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23589</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31590<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23591<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59592<div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43593command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
594<em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31595these commands.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59596<div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23597</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31598<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23599<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59600<div class="dlist"><dl>
601<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23602-p
603</dt>
604<dd>
605<p>
606 Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
607 output format that is useful only to tell the changed
608 paths and their nature of changes.
609</p>
610</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59611<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof9771f62007-01-17 17:42:30612-&lt;n&gt;
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23613</dt>
614<dd>
615<p>
616 Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
617</p>
618</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59619<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23620&lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
621</dt>
622<dd>
623<p>
624 Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
625 exclusive, top inclusive).
626</p>
627</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59628<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23629-r
630</dt>
631<dd>
632<p>
633 Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
634 not just the top level.
635</p>
636</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59637<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23638-m
639</dt>
640<dd>
641<p>
642 By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
643 With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
644 of its parents.
645</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59646<div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31647<strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23648</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59649<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17650--pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55651</dt>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59652<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanod2179ef2010-10-22 04:12:17653--format=&lt;format&gt;
Junio C Hamano0a235222009-03-06 08:21:09654</dt>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55655<dd>
656<p>
657 Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
658 where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
Junio C Hamanoe32ec8b2010-06-02 23:32:31659 <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>. See
660 the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
661 format. When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55662</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59663<div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23664configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55665</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59666<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55667--abbrev-commit
668</dt>
669<dd>
670<p>
671 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
Junio C Hamano6efe3022009-01-13 16:47:56672 name, show only a partial prefix. Non default number of
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55673 digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
674 diff output, if it is displayed).
675</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59676<div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31677people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55678</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59679<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof93530e2011-05-25 23:59:59680--no-abbrev-commit
681</dt>
682<dd>
683<p>
684 Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
685 <tt>--abbrev-commit</tt> and those options which imply it such as
686 "--oneline". It also overrides the <em>log.abbrevCommit</em> variable.
687</p>
688</dd>
689<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano0a235222009-03-06 08:21:09690--oneline
691</dt>
692<dd>
693<p>
694 This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
695 used together.
696</p>
697</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59698<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55699--encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
700</dt>
701<dd>
702<p>
703 The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
704 in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
705 command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
706 preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
707 defaults to UTF-8.
708</p>
709</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59710<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43711--notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50712</dt>
713<dd>
714<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23715 Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50716 commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default
717 for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43718 there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option given
719 on the command line.
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50720</p>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43721<div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
722<em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or corresponding
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23723environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43724<div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional <em>&lt;ref&gt;</em> argument, show this notes ref instead of the
725default notes ref(s). The ref is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it
726is not qualified.</p></div>
727<div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
728being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
729"refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from
730"refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano31667362010-03-25 00:38:53731</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59732<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43733--no-notes
734</dt>
735<dd>
736<p>
737 Do not show notes. This negates the above <tt>--notes</tt> option, by
738 resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown.
739 Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
740 "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
741 from "refs/notes/bar".
742</p>
743</dd>
744<dt class="hdlist1">
745--show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
746</dt>
747<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano31667362010-03-25 00:38:53748--[no-]standard-notes
749</dt>
750<dd>
751<p>
Junio C Hamano60033462011-05-03 00:48:43752 These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
753 options instead.
Junio C Hamano31667362010-03-25 00:38:53754</p>
Junio C Hamano57827fb2010-01-23 03:02:50755</dd>
Junio C Hamano0acb1ae2012-09-24 21:28:13756<dt class="hdlist1">
757--show-signature
758</dt>
759<dd>
760<p>
761 Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
762 to <tt>gpg --verify</tt> and show the output.
763</p>
764</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31765</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:23766</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31767<h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55768<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59769<div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55770is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
771inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
772"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
773separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
774necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
775have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
776only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31777file.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59778<div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10779additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
780config option to either another format name, or a
781<em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23782<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
Junio C Hamanoa574a092010-06-13 19:57:10783built-in formats:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59784<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55785<li>
786<p>
787<em>oneline</em>
788</p>
789<div class="literalblock">
790<div class="content">
791<pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
792</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59793<div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55794</li>
795<li>
796<p>
797<em>short</em>
798</p>
799<div class="literalblock">
800<div class="content">
801<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
802Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
803</div></div>
804<div class="literalblock">
805<div class="content">
806<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
807</div></div>
808</li>
809<li>
810<p>
811<em>medium</em>
812</p>
813<div class="literalblock">
814<div class="content">
815<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
816Author: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamano6a3c8272008-12-19 21:38:18817Date: &lt;author date&gt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55818</div></div>
819<div class="literalblock">
820<div class="content">
821<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
822</div></div>
823<div class="literalblock">
824<div class="content">
825<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
826</div></div>
827</li>
828<li>
829<p>
830<em>full</em>
831</p>
832<div class="literalblock">
833<div class="content">
834<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
835Author: &lt;author&gt;
836Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
837</div></div>
838<div class="literalblock">
839<div class="content">
840<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
841</div></div>
842<div class="literalblock">
843<div class="content">
844<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
845</div></div>
846</li>
847<li>
848<p>
849<em>fuller</em>
850</p>
851<div class="literalblock">
852<div class="content">
853<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Junio C Hamano6a3c8272008-12-19 21:38:18854Author: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31855AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
Junio C Hamano6a3c8272008-12-19 21:38:18856Commit: &lt;committer&gt;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31857CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55858</div></div>
859<div class="literalblock">
860<div class="content">
861<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
862</div></div>
863<div class="literalblock">
864<div class="content">
865<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
866</div></div>
867</li>
868<li>
869<p>
870<em>email</em>
871</p>
872<div class="literalblock">
873<div class="content">
874<pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
875From: &lt;author&gt;
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31876Date: &lt;author date&gt;
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55877Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
878</div></div>
879<div class="literalblock">
880<div class="content">
881<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
882</div></div>
883</li>
884<li>
885<p>
886<em>raw</em>
887</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59888<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55889stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are
890displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
891--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
892true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31893simplification into account.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55894</li>
895<li>
896<p>
Junio C Hamanoe32ec8b2010-06-02 23:32:31897<em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55898</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59899<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55900you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
901with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31902instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59903<div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31904would show something like this:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55905<div class="listingblock">
906<div class="content">
907<pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59908The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55909</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:59910<div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
911<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55912<li>
913<p>
914<em>%H</em>: commit hash
915</p>
916</li>
917<li>
918<p>
919<em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
920</p>
921</li>
922<li>
923<p>
924<em>%T</em>: tree hash
925</p>
926</li>
927<li>
928<p>
929<em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
930</p>
931</li>
932<li>
933<p>
934<em>%P</em>: parent hashes
935</p>
936</li>
937<li>
938<p>
939<em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
940</p>
941</li>
942<li>
943<p>
944<em>%an</em>: author name
945</p>
946</li>
947<li>
948<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23949<em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamanof5a93622008-07-16 03:23:57950</p>
951</li>
952<li>
953<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55954<em>%ae</em>: author email
955</p>
956</li>
957<li>
958<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23959<em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamano8bc410e2009-02-15 10:38:19960</p>
961</li>
962<li>
963<p>
Junio C Hamanoa387df32008-08-29 08:56:58964<em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55965</p>
966</li>
967<li>
968<p>
969<em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
970</p>
971</li>
972<li>
973<p>
974<em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
975</p>
976</li>
977<li>
978<p>
979<em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
980</p>
981</li>
982<li>
983<p>
984<em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
985</p>
986</li>
987<li>
988<p>
989<em>%cn</em>: committer name
990</p>
991</li>
992<li>
993<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:23994<em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamanof5a93622008-07-16 03:23:57995</p>
996</li>
997<li>
998<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55999<em>%ce</em>: committer email
1000</p>
1001</li>
1002<li>
1003<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231004<em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamano8bc410e2009-02-15 10:38:191005</p>
1006</li>
1007<li>
1008<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551009<em>%cd</em>: committer date
1010</p>
1011</li>
1012<li>
1013<p>
1014<em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
1015</p>
1016</li>
1017<li>
1018<p>
1019<em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
1020</p>
1021</li>
1022<li>
1023<p>
1024<em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
1025</p>
1026</li>
1027<li>
1028<p>
1029<em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
1030</p>
1031</li>
1032<li>
1033<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231034<em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
Junio C Hamano5e4d8de2008-09-19 06:27:021035</p>
1036</li>
1037<li>
1038<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551039<em>%e</em>: encoding
1040</p>
1041</li>
1042<li>
1043<p>
1044<em>%s</em>: subject
1045</p>
1046</li>
1047<li>
1048<p>
Junio C Hamano5f9a6f02009-04-06 08:26:561049<em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
1050</p>
1051</li>
1052<li>
1053<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551054<em>%b</em>: body
1055</p>
1056</li>
1057<li>
1058<p>
Junio C Hamanocb39aea2010-05-09 07:24:481059<em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
1060</p>
1061</li>
1062<li>
1063<p>
Junio C Hamano3b70d3c2009-11-21 17:37:371064<em>%N</em>: commit notes
1065</p>
1066</li>
1067<li>
1068<p>
Junio C Hamano0acb1ae2012-09-24 21:28:131069<em>%GG</em>: raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
1070</p>
1071</li>
1072<li>
1073<p>
1074<em>%G?</em>: show either "G" for Good or "B" for Bad for a signed commit
1075</p>
1076</li>
1077<li>
1078<p>
1079<em>%GS</em>: show the name of the signer for a signed commit
1080</p>
1081</li>
1082<li>
1083<p>
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:551084<em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt>
1085</p>
1086</li>
1087<li>
1088<p>
1089<em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt>
1090</p>
1091</li>
1092<li>
1093<p>
Junio C Hamano962f3a32011-12-22 20:21:441094<em>%gn</em>: reflog identity name
1095</p>
1096</li>
1097<li>
1098<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231099<em>%gN</em>: reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamano962f3a32011-12-22 20:21:441100</p>
1101</li>
1102<li>
1103<p>
1104<em>%ge</em>: reflog identity email
1105</p>
1106</li>
1107<li>
1108<p>
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231109<em>%gE</em>: reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
Junio C Hamano962f3a32011-12-22 20:21:441110</p>
1111</li>
1112<li>
1113<p>
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:551114<em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
1115</p>
1116</li>
1117<li>
1118<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551119<em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
1120</p>
1121</li>
1122<li>
1123<p>
1124<em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
1125</p>
1126</li>
1127<li>
1128<p>
1129<em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
1130</p>
1131</li>
1132<li>
1133<p>
1134<em>%Creset</em>: reset color
1135</p>
1136</li>
1137<li>
1138<p>
Junio C Hamanocc0cb312009-01-22 03:38:501139<em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
1140</p>
1141</li>
1142<li>
1143<p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551144<em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
1145</p>
1146</li>
1147<li>
1148<p>
1149<em>%n</em>: newline
1150</p>
1151</li>
Junio C Hamanob78d2592008-04-09 09:39:081152<li>
1153<p>
Junio C Hamanoa9701f02010-01-21 00:42:161154<em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
1155</p>
1156</li>
1157<li>
1158<p>
Junio C Hamanob78d2592008-04-09 09:39:081159<em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
1160</p>
1161</li>
Junio C Hamanobf984de2009-11-23 06:11:191162<li>
1163<p>
1164<em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231165 <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
Junio C Hamanobf984de2009-11-23 06:11:191166</p>
1167</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311168</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551169</li>
Junio C Hamanoc21ab052009-10-31 04:03:551170</ul></div>
1171<div class="admonitionblock">
1172<table><tr>
1173<td class="icon">
1174<div class="title">Note</div>
1175</td>
1176<td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
1177revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will
1178insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
1179<tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
1180format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
1181</tr></table>
1182</div>
Junio C Hamanob76a6862012-05-02 22:02:461183<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>+</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
Junio C Hamano2bd8a742009-12-01 21:16:591184is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
1185placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591186<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
Junio C Hamano2bd8a742009-12-01 21:16:591187immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
1188placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591189<div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
Junio C Hamano89a57342010-06-22 23:22:551190is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
1191placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591192<div class="ulist"><ul>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:011193<li>
1194<p>
1195<em>tformat:</em>
1196</p>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591197<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:011198provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
1199other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
1200newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
1201This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
1202terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311203For example:</p></div>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:011204<div class="listingblock">
1205<div class="content">
1206<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
1207 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
12084da45be
12097134973 -- NO NEWLINE
1210
1211$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
1212 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
12134da45be
12147134973</tt></pre>
1215</div></div>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591216<div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted
Junio C Hamano0a235222009-03-06 08:21:091217as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it. For example, these two are
1218equivalent:</p></div>
1219<div class="listingblock">
1220<div class="content">
1221<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
1222$ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre>
1223</div></div>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:011224</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311225</ul></div>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:551226</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311227<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231228<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591229<div class="dlist"><dl>
1230<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano16ebcd02011-08-05 00:05:451231<tt>git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi</tt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231232</dt>
1233<dd>
1234<p>
1235 Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
1236 any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
1237</p>
1238</dd>
Junio C Hamano68cf15a2010-11-06 01:01:591239<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamano16ebcd02011-08-05 00:05:451240<tt>git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk</tt>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231241</dt>
1242<dd>
1243<p>
1244 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
1245 The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
1246 <em>gitk</em>
1247</p>
1248</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311249</dl></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231250</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:311251<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231252<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanoa28a9202012-06-21 07:08:231253<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231254</div>
Junio C Hamano7bd050f2011-09-22 06:32:221255</div>
1256<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231257<div id="footer">
1258<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamanob76a6862012-05-02 22:02:461259Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT
Junio C Hamano1a4e8412005-12-27 08:17:231260</div>
1261</div>
1262</body>
1263</html>