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Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
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258</style>
259<title>git-show(1)</title>
260</head>
261<body>
262<div id="header">
263<h1>
264git-show(1) Manual Page
265</h1>
266<h2>NAME</h2>
267<div class="sectionbody">
268<p>git-show -
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]269 Show various types of objects
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]270</p>
271</div>
272</div>
273<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
274<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]275<p><em>git-show</em> [options] &lt;object&gt;&#8230;</p>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]276</div>
277<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
278<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]279<p>Shows one or more objects (blobs, trees, tags and commits).</p>
280<p>For commits it shows the log message and textual diff. It also
281presents the merge commit in a special format as produced by
282<em>git-diff-tree --cc</em>.</p>
283<p>For tags, it shows the tag message and the referenced objects.</p>
284<p>For trees, it shows the names (equivalent to <a href="git-ls-tree.html">git-ls-tree(1)</a>
285with --name-only).</p>
286<p>For plain blobs, it shows the plain contents.</p>
Junio C Hamanod3339982007-02-09 08:38:48[diff] [blame]287<p>The command takes options applicable to the <a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a> command to
288control how the changes the commit introduces are shown.</p>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]289<p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p>
290</div>
291<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
292<div class="sectionbody">
293<dl>
294<dt>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]295&lt;object&gt;
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]296</dt>
297<dd>
298<p>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]299 The name of the object to show.
Junio C Hamano2d47c622007-01-18 06:24:10[diff] [blame]300 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
301 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in <a href="git-rev-parse.html">git-rev-parse(1)</a>.
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]302</p>
303</dd>
304<dt>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]305--pretty[=<em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]306</dt>
307<dd>
308<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3770f92007-07-25 08:53:33[diff] [blame]309 Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]310 where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
311 <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.
Junio C Hamanoa3770f92007-07-25 08:53:33[diff] [blame]312 When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]313</p>
Junio C Hamano86bcccc2008-03-08 09:33:55[diff] [blame]314<p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
315configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]316</dd>
317<dt>
Junio C Hamanoee695f22007-06-21 00:35:36[diff] [blame]318--abbrev-commit
319</dt>
320<dd>
321<p>
322 Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
323 name, show only handful hexdigits prefix. Non default number of
324 digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
325 diff output, if it is displayed).
326</p>
327<p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
328people using 80-column terminals.</p>
329</dd>
330<dt>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]331--encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
332</dt>
333<dd>
334<p>
335 The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
336 in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
337 command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
338 preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
339 defaults to UTF-8.
340</p>
341</dd>
342</dl>
343</div>
344<h2>PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
345<div class="sectionbody">
346<p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
347is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
348inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
349"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
350separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
351necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
352have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
353only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
354file.</p>
355<p>Here are some additional details for each format:</p>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]356<ul>
357<li>
358<p>
359<em>oneline</em>
360</p>
361<div class="literalblock">
362<div class="content">
363<pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
364</div></div>
365<p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p>
366</li>
367<li>
368<p>
369<em>short</em>
370</p>
371<div class="literalblock">
372<div class="content">
373<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
374Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
375</div></div>
376<div class="literalblock">
377<div class="content">
378<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
379</div></div>
380</li>
381<li>
382<p>
383<em>medium</em>
384</p>
385<div class="literalblock">
386<div class="content">
387<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
388Author: &lt;author&gt;
389Date: &lt;date&gt;</tt></pre>
390</div></div>
391<div class="literalblock">
392<div class="content">
393<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
394</div></div>
395<div class="literalblock">
396<div class="content">
397<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
398</div></div>
399</li>
400<li>
401<p>
402<em>full</em>
403</p>
404<div class="literalblock">
405<div class="content">
406<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
407Author: &lt;author&gt;
408Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
409</div></div>
410<div class="literalblock">
411<div class="content">
412<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
413</div></div>
414<div class="literalblock">
415<div class="content">
416<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
417</div></div>
418</li>
419<li>
420<p>
421<em>fuller</em>
422</p>
423<div class="literalblock">
424<div class="content">
425<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
426Author: &lt;author&gt;
427AuthorDate: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;
428Commit: &lt;committer&gt;
429CommitDate: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;</tt></pre>
430</div></div>
431<div class="literalblock">
432<div class="content">
433<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
434</div></div>
435<div class="literalblock">
436<div class="content">
437<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
438</div></div>
439</li>
440<li>
441<p>
442<em>email</em>
443</p>
444<div class="literalblock">
445<div class="content">
446<pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
447From: &lt;author&gt;
448Date: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;
449Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
450</div></div>
451<div class="literalblock">
452<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]453<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
Junio C Hamanoa340aaa2006-11-23 02:47:33[diff] [blame]454</div></div>
455</li>
456<li>
457<p>
458<em>raw</em>
459</p>
460<p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
461stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are
462displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
463--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
464true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
465simplification into account.</p>
466</li>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]467<li>
468<p>
469<em>format:</em>
470</p>
471<p>The <em>format:</em> format allows you to specify which information
472you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
473with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
474instead of <em>\n</em>.</p>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]475<p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]476would show something like this:</p>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]477<div class="listingblock">
478<div class="content">
479<pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
480The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;
481</tt></pre>
482</div></div>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]483<p>The placeholders are:</p>
484<ul>
485<li>
486<p>
487<em>%H</em>: commit hash
488</p>
489</li>
490<li>
491<p>
492<em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
493</p>
494</li>
495<li>
496<p>
497<em>%T</em>: tree hash
498</p>
499</li>
500<li>
501<p>
502<em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
503</p>
504</li>
505<li>
506<p>
507<em>%P</em>: parent hashes
508</p>
509</li>
510<li>
511<p>
512<em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
513</p>
514</li>
515<li>
516<p>
517<em>%an</em>: author name
518</p>
519</li>
520<li>
521<p>
522<em>%ae</em>: author email
523</p>
524</li>
525<li>
526<p>
527<em>%ad</em>: author date
528</p>
529</li>
530<li>
531<p>
532<em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
533</p>
534</li>
535<li>
536<p>
537<em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
538</p>
539</li>
540<li>
541<p>
542<em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
543</p>
544</li>
545<li>
546<p>
Junio C Hamano02f130b2007-07-14 08:26:56[diff] [blame]547<em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
548</p>
549</li>
550<li>
551<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]552<em>%cn</em>: committer name
553</p>
554</li>
555<li>
556<p>
557<em>%ce</em>: committer email
558</p>
559</li>
560<li>
561<p>
562<em>%cd</em>: committer date
563</p>
564</li>
565<li>
566<p>
567<em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
568</p>
569</li>
570<li>
571<p>
572<em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
573</p>
574</li>
575<li>
576<p>
577<em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
578</p>
579</li>
580<li>
581<p>
Junio C Hamano02f130b2007-07-14 08:26:56[diff] [blame]582<em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
583</p>
584</li>
585<li>
586<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]587<em>%e</em>: encoding
588</p>
589</li>
590<li>
591<p>
592<em>%s</em>: subject
593</p>
594</li>
595<li>
596<p>
597<em>%b</em>: body
598</p>
599</li>
600<li>
601<p>
602<em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
603</p>
604</li>
605<li>
606<p>
607<em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
608</p>
609</li>
610<li>
611<p>
612<em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
613</p>
614</li>
615<li>
616<p>
617<em>%Creset</em>: reset color
618</p>
619</li>
620<li>
621<p>
Junio C Hamanod9e0e5d2007-04-14 16:22:04[diff] [blame]622<em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
623</p>
624</li>
625<li>
626<p>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]627<em>%n</em>: newline
628</p>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]629</li>
Junio C Hamanob78d2592008-04-09 09:39:08[diff] [blame]630<li>
631<p>
632<em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
633</p>
634</li>
Junio C Hamano0430e3a2007-05-15 03:13:17[diff] [blame]635</ul>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]636</li>
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame^]637<li>
638<p>
639<em>tformat:</em>
640</p>
641<p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
642provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
643other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
644newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
645This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
646terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
647For example:</p>
648<div class="listingblock">
649<div class="content">
650<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
651 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
6524da45be
6537134973 -- NO NEWLINE
654
655$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
656 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
6574da45be
6587134973</tt></pre>
659</div></div>
660</li>
Junio C Hamanoa3fd83c2007-03-02 10:34:36[diff] [blame]661</ul>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]662</div>
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]663<h2>EXAMPLES</h2>
664<div class="sectionbody">
665<dl>
666<dt>
667git show v1.0.0
668</dt>
669<dd>
670<p>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]671 Shows the tag <tt>v1.0.0</tt>, along with the object the tags
672 points at.
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]673</p>
674</dd>
675<dt>
Junio C Hamanodb911ee2007-02-28 08:13:52[diff] [blame]676git show v1.0.0^{tree}
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]677</dt>
678<dd>
679<p>
680 Shows the tree pointed to by the tag <tt>v1.0.0</tt>.
681</p>
682</dd>
Junio C Hamanodb911ee2007-02-28 08:13:52[diff] [blame]683<dt>
684git show next~10:Documentation/README
685</dt>
686<dd>
687<p>
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]688 Shows the contents of the file <tt>Documentation/README</tt> as
689 they were current in the 10th last commit of the branch
Junio C Hamanodb911ee2007-02-28 08:13:52[diff] [blame]690 <tt>next</tt>.
691</p>
692</dd>
693<dt>
694git show master:Makefile master:t/Makefile
695</dt>
696<dd>
697<p>
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]698 Concatenates the contents of said Makefiles in the head
Junio C Hamanodb911ee2007-02-28 08:13:52[diff] [blame]699 of the branch <tt>master</tt>.
700</p>
701</dd>
702</dl>
Junio C Hamano7d23f5e2006-12-16 07:44:04[diff] [blame]703</div>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]704<h2>Discussion</h2>
705<div class="sectionbody">
706<p>At the core level, git is character encoding agnostic.</p>
707<ul>
708<li>
709<p>
710The pathnames recorded in the index and in the tree objects
711 are treated as uninterpreted sequences of non-NUL bytes.
712 What readdir(2) returns are what are recorded and compared
713 with the data git keeps track of, which in turn are expected
714 to be what lstat(2) and creat(2) accepts. There is no such
715 thing as pathname encoding translation.
716</p>
717</li>
718<li>
719<p>
720The contents of the blob objects are uninterpreted sequence
721 of bytes. There is no encoding translation at the core
722 level.
723</p>
724</li>
725<li>
726<p>
727The commit log messages are uninterpreted sequence of non-NUL
728 bytes.
729</p>
730</li>
731</ul>
732<p>Although we encourage that the commit log messages are encoded
733in UTF-8, both the core and git Porcelain are designed not to
734force UTF-8 on projects. If all participants of a particular
735project find it more convenient to use legacy encodings, git
736does not forbid it. However, there are a few things to keep in
737mind.</p>
738<ol>
739<li>
740<p>
741<tt>git-commit-tree</tt> (hence, <tt>git-commit</tt> which uses it) issues
Junio C Hamano14b76482008-01-05 10:32:26[diff] [blame]742 a warning if the commit log message given to it does not look
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]743 like a valid UTF-8 string, unless you explicitly say your
744 project uses a legacy encoding. The way to say this is to
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]745 have i18n.commitencoding in <tt>.git/config</tt> file, like this:
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]746</p>
747<div class="listingblock">
748<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]749<pre><tt>[i18n]
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]750 commitencoding = ISO-8859-1</tt></pre>
751</div></div>
752<p>Commit objects created with the above setting record the value
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]753of <tt>i18n.commitencoding</tt> in its <tt>encoding</tt> header. This is to
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]754help other people who look at them later. Lack of this header
755implies that the commit log message is encoded in UTF-8.</p>
756</li>
757<li>
758<p>
759<tt>git-log</tt>, <tt>git-show</tt> and friends looks at the <tt>encoding</tt>
760 header of a commit object, and tries to re-code the log
761 message into UTF-8 unless otherwise specified. You can
762 specify the desired output encoding with
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]763 <tt>i18n.logoutputencoding</tt> in <tt>.git/config</tt> file, like this:
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]764</p>
765<div class="listingblock">
766<div class="content">
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]767<pre><tt>[i18n]
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]768 logoutputencoding = ISO-8859-1</tt></pre>
769</div></div>
770<p>If you do not have this configuration variable, the value of
Junio C Hamano35bb3f62007-02-19 05:35:53[diff] [blame]771<tt>i18n.commitencoding</tt> is used instead.</p>
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]772</li>
773</ol>
774<p>Note that we deliberately chose not to re-code the commit log
775message when a commit is made to force UTF-8 at the commit
776object level, because re-coding to UTF-8 is not necessarily a
777reversible operation.</p>
778</div>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]779<h2>Author</h2>
780<div class="sectionbody">
781<p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt; and
Junio C Hamano775a0f42006-12-31 01:19:14[diff] [blame]782Junio C Hamano &lt;junkio@cox.net&gt;. Significantly enhanced by
783Johannes Schindelin &lt;Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de&gt;.</p>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]784</div>
785<h2>Documentation</h2>
786<div class="sectionbody">
787<p>Documentation by David Greaves, Petr Baudis and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]788</div>
789<h2>GIT</h2>
790<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53[diff] [blame]791<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]792</div>
793<div id="footer">
794<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamano6fb124c2008-06-13 10:04:01[diff] [blame^]795Last updated 13-Jun-2008 10:02:43 UTC
Junio C Hamanod9d71c02006-02-08 00:52:33[diff] [blame]796</div>
797</div>
798</body>
799</html>