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Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53401</style>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53402</head>
403<body>
404<div id="header">
405<h1>
406gitrepository-layout(5) Manual Page
407</h1>
408<h2>NAME</h2>
409<div class="sectionbody">
410<p>gitrepository-layout -
411 Git Repository Layout
412</p>
413</div>
414</div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45415<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53416<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45417<div class="paragraph"><p>$GIT_DIR/*</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53418</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31419<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53420<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45421<div class="paragraph"><p>You may find these things in your git repository (<tt>.git</tt>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53422directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
423<tt>&lt;project&gt;.git</tt> directory for a public <em>bare</em> repository. It is
424also possible to have a working tree where <tt>.git</tt> is a plain
Junio C Hamano619596a2010-08-18 22:15:35425ASCII file containing <tt>gitdir: &lt;path&gt;</tt>, i.e. the path to the
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31426real git repository).</p></div>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45427<div class="dlist"><dl>
428<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53429objects
430</dt>
431<dd>
432<p>
433 Object store associated with this repository. Usually
434 an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
435 that are referred to by an object found in it are also
436 found in it), but there are couple of ways to violate
437 it.
438</p>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45439<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53440<li>
441<p>
442You could populate the repository by running a commit walker
443without <tt>-a</tt> option. Depending on which options are given, you
444could have only commit objects without associated blobs and
445trees this way, for example. A repository with this kind of
446incomplete object store is not suitable to be published to the
447outside world but sometimes useful for private repository.
448</p>
449</li>
450<li>
451<p>
452You also could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
453by cloning shallowly. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>.
454</p>
455</li>
456<li>
457<p>
458You can be using <tt>objects/info/alternates</tt> mechanism, or
459<tt>$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES</tt> mechanism to <em>borrow</em>
460objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind
461of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
462use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
463<tt>objects/info/alternates</tt> points at the right object stores
464it borrows from.
465</p>
466</li>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31467</ol></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53468</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45469<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53470objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]
471</dt>
472<dd>
473<p>
474 Traditionally, each object is stored in its own file.
475 They are split into 256 subdirectories using the first
476 two letters from its object name to keep the number of
477 directory entries <tt>objects</tt> directory itself needs to
478 hold. Objects found here are often called <em>unpacked</em>
479 (or <em>loose</em>) objects.
480</p>
481</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45482<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53483objects/pack
484</dt>
485<dd>
486<p>
487 Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
488 along with index files to allow them to be randomly
489 accessed) are found in this directory.
490</p>
491</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45492<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53493objects/info
494</dt>
495<dd>
496<p>
497 Additional information about the object store is
498 recorded in this directory.
499</p>
500</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45501<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53502objects/info/packs
503</dt>
504<dd>
505<p>
506 This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
507 are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is
508 added or removed, <tt>git update-server-info</tt> should be run
509 to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43510 published for dumb transports. <em>git repack</em> does this
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53511 by default.
512</p>
513</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45514<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53515objects/info/alternates
516</dt>
517<dd>
518<p>
519 This file records paths to alternate object stores that
520 this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
521 line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
522 but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
523 will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
524 to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
525 alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
526 paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
527 is the same. See also <em>objects/info/http-alternates</em>.
528</p>
529</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45530<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53531objects/info/http-alternates
532</dt>
533<dd>
534<p>
535 This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
536 this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
537 the repository is fetched over HTTP.
538</p>
539</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45540<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53541refs
542</dt>
543<dd>
544<p>
545 References are stored in subdirectories of this
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43546 directory. The <em>git prune</em> command knows to keep
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53547 objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
548 its subdirectories.
549</p>
550</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45551<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53552refs/heads/<tt>name</tt>
553</dt>
554<dd>
555<p>
556 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch <tt>name</tt>
557</p>
558</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45559<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53560refs/tags/<tt>name</tt>
561</dt>
562<dd>
563<p>
564 records any object name (not necessarily a commit
565 object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
566</p>
567</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45568<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53569refs/remotes/<tt>name</tt>
570</dt>
571<dd>
572<p>
573 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
574 from a remote repository.
575</p>
576</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45577<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53578packed-refs
579</dt>
580<dd>
581<p>
582 records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
583 and friends record in a more efficient way. See
584 <a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>.
585</p>
586</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45587<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53588HEAD
589</dt>
590<dd>
591<p>
592 A symref (see glossary) to the <tt>refs/heads/</tt> namespace
593 describing the currently active branch. It does not mean
594 much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
595 (i.e. a <em>bare</em> repository), but a valid git repository
596 <strong>must</strong> have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
597 guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
598 (usually <em>master</em>). It is legal if the named branch
599 <em>name</em> does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is
600 a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
601 branch.
602</p>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45603<div class="paragraph"><p>HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53604being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state
605is often called <em>detached HEAD</em>, and almost all commands work
606identically as normal. See <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> for
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31607details.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53608</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45609<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53610branches
611</dt>
612<dd>
613<p>
614 A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43615 to specify URL to <em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em> and <em>git push</em>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53616 commands is to store a file in <tt>branches/&lt;name&gt;</tt> and
617 give <em>name</em> to these commands in place of <em>repository</em>
618 argument.
619</p>
620</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45621<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53622hooks
623</dt>
624<dd>
625<p>
626 Hooks are customization scripts used by various git
627 commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43628 <em>git init</em> is run, but all of them are disabled by
Junio C Hamano116db352008-12-17 19:48:40629 default. To enable, the <tt>.sample</tt> suffix has to be
630 removed from the filename by renaming.
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38631 Read <a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more details about
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53632 each hook.
633</p>
634</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45635<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53636index
637</dt>
638<dd>
639<p>
640 The current index file for the repository. It is
641 usually not found in a bare repository.
642</p>
643</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45644<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53645info
646</dt>
647<dd>
648<p>
649 Additional information about the repository is recorded
650 in this directory.
651</p>
652</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45653<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53654info/refs
655</dt>
656<dd>
657<p>
658 This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
659 available in this repository. If the repository is
660 published for dumb transports, this file should be
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43661 regenerated by <em>git update-server-info</em> every time a tag
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53662 or branch is created or modified. This is normally done
663 from the <tt>hooks/update</tt> hook, which is run by the
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43664 <em>git-receive-pack</em> command when you <em>git push</em> into the
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53665 repository.
666</p>
667</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45668<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53669info/grafts
670</dt>
671<dd>
672<p>
673 This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
674 pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
675 from how the commit was actually created. One record
676 per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
677 listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
678 by a space and terminated by a newline.
679</p>
680</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45681<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53682info/exclude
683</dt>
684<dd>
685<p>
686 This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
687 exclude pattern list. <tt>.gitignore</tt> is the per-directory
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43688 ignore file. <em>git status</em>, <em>git add</em>, <em>git rm</em> and
689 <em>git clean</em> look at it but the core git commands do not look
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53690 at it. See also: <a href="gitignore.html">gitignore(5)</a>.
691</p>
692</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45693<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53694remotes
695</dt>
696<dd>
697<p>
698 Stores shorthands to be used to give URL and default
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38699 refnames to interact with remote repository to
Junio C Hamano1aa40d22010-01-21 17:46:43700 <em>git fetch</em>, <em>git pull</em> and <em>git push</em> commands.
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53701</p>
702</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45703<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53704logs
705</dt>
706<dd>
707<p>
708 Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
Junio C Hamanofce7c7e2008-07-02 03:06:38709 directory. See <a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53710 for more information.
711</p>
712</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45713<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53714logs/refs/heads/<tt>name</tt>
715</dt>
716<dd>
717<p>
718 Records all changes made to the branch tip named <tt>name</tt>.
719</p>
720</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45721<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53722logs/refs/tags/<tt>name</tt>
723</dt>
724<dd>
725<p>
726 Records all changes made to the tag named <tt>name</tt>.
727</p>
728</dd>
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45729<dt class="hdlist1">
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53730shallow
731</dt>
732<dd>
733<p>
734 This is similar to <tt>info/grafts</tt> but is internally used
735 and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See <tt>--depth</tt>
736 option to <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.
737</p>
738</dd>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31739</dl></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53740</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31741<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53742<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45743<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-init.html">git-init(1)</a>,
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53744<a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>,
745<a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>,
746<a href="git-pack-refs.html">git-pack-refs(1)</a>,
747<a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>,
748<a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>,
749<a href="gitglossary.html">gitglossary(7)</a>,
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45750<a href="user-manual.html">The Git User&#8217;s Manual</a></p></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53751</div>
Junio C Hamanoba4b9282008-07-06 05:20:31752<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53753<div class="sectionbody">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45754<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite.</p></div>
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53755</div>
756<div id="footer">
757<div id="footer-text">
Junio C Hamano103b5722011-01-31 05:03:45758Last updated 2010-08-18 22:14:44 UTC
Junio C Hamanof7c042d2008-06-06 22:50:53759</div>
760</div>
761</body>
762</html>