git-fetch.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 </style>
 <title>git-fetch(1)</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="header">
 <h1>
 git-fetch(1) Manual Page
 </h1>
 <h2>NAME</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>git-fetch -
  Download objects and a head from another repository
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p><em>git-fetch</em> &lt;options&gt; &lt;repository&gt; &lt;refspec&gt;&#8230;</p>
 </div>
 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Fetches named heads or tags from another repository, along with
 the objects necessary to complete them.</p>
 <p>The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
 in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. This information is left for a later merge
 operation done by "git merge".</p>
 </div>
 <h2>OPTIONS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <dl>
 <dt>
 -a, --append
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
  existing contents of <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. Without this
  option old data in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt> will be overwritten.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --upload-pack &lt;upload-pack&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
  by <em>git-fetch-pack</em>, <em>--exec=&lt;upload-pack&gt;</em> is passed to
  the command to specify non-default path for the command
  run on the other end.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -f, --force
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  When <tt>git-fetch</tt> is used with <tt>&lt;rbranch&gt;:&lt;lbranch&gt;</tt>
  refspec, it refuses to update the local branch
  <tt>&lt;lbranch&gt;</tt> unless the remote branch <tt>&lt;rbranch&gt;</tt> it
  fetches is a descendant of <tt>&lt;lbranch&gt;</tt>. This option
  overrides that check.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --no-tags
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  By default, <tt>git-fetch</tt> fetches tags that point at
  objects that are downloaded from the remote repository
  and stores them locally. This option disables this
  automatic tag following.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -t, --tags
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
  heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
  objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
  tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism. This
  flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
  downloaded.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -k, --keep
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Keep downloaded pack.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -u, --update-head-ok
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  By default <tt>git-fetch</tt> refuses to update the head which
  corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
  check. Note that fetching into the current branch will not
  update the index and working directory, so use it with care.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 &lt;repository&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
  or pull operation. See the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 &lt;refspec&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The canonical format of a &lt;refspec&gt; parameter is
  <tt>+?&lt;src&gt;:&lt;dst&gt;</tt>; that is, an optional plus <tt>+</tt>, followed
  by the source ref, followed by a colon <tt>:</tt>, followed by
  the destination ref.
 </p>
 <p>The remote ref that matches &lt;src&gt;
 is fetched, and if &lt;dst&gt; is not empty string, the local
 ref that matches it is fast forwarded using &lt;src&gt;.
 Again, if the optional plus <tt>+</tt> is used, the local ref
 is updated even if it does not result in a fast forward
 update.</p>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
 modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
 rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
 an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
 It is under these conditions that you would want to use
 the <tt>+</tt> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
 be needed. There is currently no easy way to determine
 or declare that a branch will be made available in a
 repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
 must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">You never do your own development on branches that appear
 on the right hand side of a &lt;refspec&gt; colon on <tt>Pull:</tt> lines;
 they are to be updated by <tt>git-fetch</tt>. If you intend to do
 development derived from a remote branch <tt>B</tt>, have a <tt>Pull:</tt>
 line to track it (i.e. <tt>Pull: B:remote-B</tt>), and have a separate
 branch <tt>my-B</tt> to do your development on top of it. The latter
 is created by <tt>git branch my-B remote-B</tt> (or its equivalent <tt>git
 checkout -b my-B remote-B</tt>). Run <tt>git fetch</tt> to keep track of
 the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
 on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
 <tt>git pull . remote-B</tt>, while you are on <tt>my-B</tt> branch.
 The common <tt>Pull: master:origin</tt> mapping of a remote <tt>master</tt>
 branch to a local <tt>origin</tt> branch, which is then merged to a
 local development branch, again typically named <tt>master</tt>, is made
 when you run <tt>git clone</tt> for you to follow this pattern.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">There is a difference between listing multiple &lt;refspec&gt;
 directly on <tt>git-pull</tt> command line and having multiple
 <tt>Pull:</tt> &lt;refspec&gt; lines for a &lt;repository&gt; and running
 <tt>git-pull</tt> command without any explicit &lt;refspec&gt; parameters.
 &lt;refspec&gt; listed explicitly on the command line are always
 merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words,
 if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
 an Octopus. While <tt>git-pull</tt> run without any explicit &lt;refspec&gt;
 parameter takes default &lt;refspec&gt;s from <tt>Pull:</tt> lines, it
 merges only the first &lt;refspec&gt; found into the current branch,
 after fetching all the remote refs. This is because making an
 Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
 of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
 is often useful.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <p>Some short-cut notations are also supported.</p>
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <tt>tag &lt;tag&gt;</tt> means the same as <tt>refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;:refs/tags/&lt;tag&gt;</tt>;
  it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 A parameter &lt;ref&gt; without a colon is equivalent to
  &lt;ref&gt;: when pulling/fetching, so it merges &lt;ref&gt; into the current
  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <h2>GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>One of the following notations can be used
 to name the remote repository:</p>
 <div class="exampleblock">
 <div class="exampleblock-content">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 http://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 https://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 git://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 git://host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 ssh://&#91;user@&#93;host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div></div>
 <p>SSH is the default transport protocol. You can optionally specify
 which user to log-in as, and an alternate, scp-like syntax is also
 supported. Both syntaxes support username expansion,
 as does the native git protocol. The following three are
 identical to the last three above, respectively:</p>
 <div class="exampleblock">
 <div class="exampleblock-content">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 &#91;user@&#93;host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 &#91;user@&#93;host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 &#91;user@&#93;host.xz:path/to/repo.git
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div></div>
 <p>To sync with a local directory, use:</p>
 <div class="exampleblock">
 <div class="exampleblock-content">
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 /path/to/repo.git/
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 </div></div>
 </div>
 <h2>REMOTES</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>In addition to the above, as a short-hand, the name of a
 file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt> directory can be given; the
 named file should be in the following format:</p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>URL: one of the above URL format
 Push: &lt;refspec&gt;
 Pull: &lt;refspec&gt;</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <p>Then such a short-hand is specified in place of
 &lt;repository&gt; without &lt;refspec&gt; parameters on the command
 line, &lt;refspec&gt; specified on <tt>Push:</tt> lines or <tt>Pull:</tt>
 lines are used for <tt>git-push</tt> and <tt>git-fetch</tt>/<tt>git-pull</tt>,
 respectively. Multiple <tt>Push:</tt> and <tt>Pull:</tt> lines may
 be specified for additional branch mappings.</p>
 <p>The name of a file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt> directory can be
 specified as an older notation short-hand; the named
 file should contain a single line, a URL in one of the
 above formats, optionally followed by a hash <tt>#</tt> and the
 name of remote head (URL fragment notation).
 <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches/&lt;remote&gt;</tt> file that stores a &lt;url&gt;
 without the fragment is equivalent to have this in the
 corresponding file in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes/</tt> directory.</p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>URL: &lt;url&gt;
 Pull: refs/heads/master:&lt;remote&gt;</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <p>while having <tt>&lt;url&gt;#&lt;head&gt;</tt> is equivalent to</p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>URL: &lt;url&gt;
 Pull: refs/heads/&lt;head&gt;:&lt;remote&gt;</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 </div>
 <h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p>
 </div>
 <h2>Author</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt; and
 Junio C Hamano &lt;junkio@cox.net&gt;</p>
 </div>
 <h2>Documentation</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
 </div>
 <h2>GIT</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
 </div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated 15-Jul-2006 01:37:45 UTC
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
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	</style>
	<title>git-fetch(1)</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	<div id="header">
	<h1>
	git-fetch(1) Manual Page
	</h1>
	<h2>NAME</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>git-fetch -
	Download objects and a head from another repository
	</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p><em>git-fetch</em> <options> <repository> <refspec>…</p>
	</div>
	<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Fetches named heads or tags from another repository, along with
	the objects necessary to complete them.</p>
	<p>The ref names and their object names of fetched refs are stored
	in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. This information is left for a later merge
	operation done by "git merge".</p>
	</div>
	<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<dl>
	<dt>
	-a, --append
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
	existing contents of <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt>. Without this
	option old data in <tt>.git/FETCH_HEAD</tt> will be overwritten.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--upload-pack <upload-pack>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
	by <em>git-fetch-pack</em>, <em>--exec=<upload-pack></em> is passed to
	the command to specify non-default path for the command
	run on the other end.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-f, --force
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	When <tt>git-fetch</tt> is used with <tt><rbranch>:<lbranch></tt>
	refspec, it refuses to update the local branch
	<tt><lbranch></tt> unless the remote branch <tt><rbranch></tt> it
	fetches is a descendant of <tt><lbranch></tt>. This option
	overrides that check.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--no-tags
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	By default, <tt>git-fetch</tt> fetches tags that point at
	objects that are downloaded from the remote repository
	and stores them locally. This option disables this
	automatic tag following.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-t, --tags
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Most of the tags are fetched automatically as branch
	heads are downloaded, but tags that do not point at
	objects reachable from the branch heads that are being
	tracked will not be fetched by this mechanism. This
	flag lets all tags and their associated objects be
	downloaded.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-k, --keep
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Keep downloaded pack.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-u, --update-head-ok
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	By default <tt>git-fetch</tt> refuses to update the head which
	corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
	check. Note that fetching into the current branch will not
	update the index and working directory, so use it with care.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	<repository>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
	or pull operation. See the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	<refspec>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	The canonical format of a <refspec> parameter is
	<tt>+?<src>:<dst></tt>; that is, an optional plus <tt>+</tt>, followed
	by the source ref, followed by a colon <tt>:</tt>, followed by
	the destination ref.
	</p>
	<p>The remote ref that matches <src>
	is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
	ref that matches it is fast forwarded using <src>.
	Again, if the optional plus <tt>+</tt> is used, the local ref
	is updated even if it does not result in a fast forward
	update.</p>
	<div class="admonitionblock">
	<table><tr>
	<td class="icon">
	<div class="title">Note</div>
	</td>
	<td class="content">If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
	modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
	rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
	an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
	It is under these conditions that you would want to use
	the <tt>+</tt> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
	be needed. There is currently no easy way to determine
	or declare that a branch will be made available in a
	repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
	must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.</td>
	</tr></table>
	</div>
	<div class="admonitionblock">
	<table><tr>
	<td class="icon">
	<div class="title">Note</div>
	</td>
	<td class="content">You never do your own development on branches that appear
	on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on <tt>Pull:</tt> lines;
	they are to be updated by <tt>git-fetch</tt>. If you intend to do
	development derived from a remote branch <tt>B</tt>, have a <tt>Pull:</tt>
	line to track it (i.e. <tt>Pull: B:remote-B</tt>), and have a separate
	branch <tt>my-B</tt> to do your development on top of it. The latter
	is created by <tt>git branch my-B remote-B</tt> (or its equivalent <tt>git
	checkout -b my-B remote-B</tt>). Run <tt>git fetch</tt> to keep track of
	the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
	on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
	<tt>git pull . remote-B</tt>, while you are on <tt>my-B</tt> branch.
	The common <tt>Pull: master:origin</tt> mapping of a remote <tt>master</tt>
	branch to a local <tt>origin</tt> branch, which is then merged to a
	local development branch, again typically named <tt>master</tt>, is made
	when you run <tt>git clone</tt> for you to follow this pattern.</td>
	</tr></table>
	</div>
	<div class="admonitionblock">
	<table><tr>
	<td class="icon">
	<div class="title">Note</div>
	</td>
	<td class="content">There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
	directly on <tt>git-pull</tt> command line and having multiple
	<tt>Pull:</tt> <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
	<tt>git-pull</tt> command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
	<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
	merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words,
	if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
	an Octopus. While <tt>git-pull</tt> run without any explicit <refspec>
	parameter takes default <refspec>s from <tt>Pull:</tt> lines, it
	merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
	after fetching all the remote refs. This is because making an
	Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
	of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
	is often useful.</td>
	</tr></table>
	</div>
	<p>Some short-cut notations are also supported.</p>
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	<tt>tag <tag></tt> means the same as <tt>refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag></tt>;
	it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
	<ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
	branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h2>GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>One of the following notations can be used
	to name the remote repository:</p>
	<div class="exampleblock">
	<div class="exampleblock-content">
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	http://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	https://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	git://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	git://host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	ssh://[user@]host.xz/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	ssh://[user@]host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	ssh://[user@]host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</div></div>
	<p>SSH is the default transport protocol. You can optionally specify
	which user to log-in as, and an alternate, scp-like syntax is also
	supported. Both syntaxes support username expansion,
	as does the native git protocol. The following three are
	identical to the last three above, respectively:</p>
	<div class="exampleblock">
	<div class="exampleblock-content">
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	[user@]host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	[user@]host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	[user@]host.xz:path/to/repo.git
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</div></div>
	<p>To sync with a local directory, use:</p>
	<div class="exampleblock">
	<div class="exampleblock-content">
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	/path/to/repo.git/
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	</div></div>
	</div>
	<h2>REMOTES</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>In addition to the above, as a short-hand, the name of a
	file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes</tt> directory can be given; the
	named file should be in the following format:</p>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt>URL: one of the above URL format
	Push: <refspec>
	Pull: <refspec></tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	<p>Then such a short-hand is specified in place of
	<repository> without <refspec> parameters on the command
	line, <refspec> specified on <tt>Push:</tt> lines or <tt>Pull:</tt>
	lines are used for <tt>git-push</tt> and <tt>git-fetch</tt>/<tt>git-pull</tt>,
	respectively. Multiple <tt>Push:</tt> and <tt>Pull:</tt> lines may
	be specified for additional branch mappings.</p>
	<p>The name of a file in <tt>$GIT_DIR/branches</tt> directory can be
	specified as an older notation short-hand; the named
	file should contain a single line, a URL in one of the
	above formats, optionally followed by a hash <tt>#</tt> and the
	name of remote head (URL fragment notation).
	<tt>$GIT_DIR/branches/<remote></tt> file that stores a <url>
	without the fragment is equivalent to have this in the
	corresponding file in the <tt>$GIT_DIR/remotes/</tt> directory.</p>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt>URL: <url>
	Pull: refs/heads/master:<remote></tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	<p>while having <tt><url>#<head></tt> is equivalent to</p>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt>URL: <url>
	Pull: refs/heads/<head>:<remote></tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	</div>
	<h2>SEE ALSO</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p>
	</div>
	<h2>Author</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
	Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net></p>
	</div>
	<h2>Documentation</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
	</div>
	<h2>GIT</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
	</div>
	<div id="footer">
	<div id="footer-text">
	Last updated 15-Jul-2006 01:37:45 UTC
	</div>
	</div>
	</body>
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