git-branch.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="manpage">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>
 git-branch(1) Manual Page
 </h1>
 <h2>NAME</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>git-branch -
  List, create, or delete branches
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="verseblock">
 <pre class="content"><em>git branch</em> [--color[=&lt;when&gt;] | --no-color] [-r | -a]
  [--list] [-v [--abbrev=&lt;length&gt; | --no-abbrev]]
  [--column[=&lt;options&gt;] | --no-column] [--sort=&lt;key&gt;]
  [(--merged | --no-merged) [&lt;commit&gt;]]
  [--contains [&lt;commit]] [--no-contains [&lt;commit&gt;]]
  [--points-at &lt;object&gt;] [--format=&lt;format&gt;] [&lt;pattern&gt;&#8230;]
 <em>git branch</em> [--track | --no-track] [-l] [-f] &lt;branchname&gt; [&lt;start-point&gt;]
 <em>git branch</em> (--set-upstream-to=&lt;upstream&gt; | -u &lt;upstream&gt;) [&lt;branchname&gt;]
 <em>git branch</em> --unset-upstream [&lt;branchname&gt;]
 <em>git branch</em> (-m | -M) [&lt;oldbranch&gt;] &lt;newbranch&gt;
 <em>git branch</em> (-c | -C) [&lt;oldbranch&gt;] &lt;newbranch&gt;
 <em>git branch</em> (-d | -D) [-r] &lt;branchname&gt;&#8230;
 <em>git branch</em> --edit-description [&lt;branchname&gt;]</pre>
 <div class="attribution">
 </div></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If <code>--list</code> is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
 branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted with an
 asterisk. Option <code>-r</code> causes the remote-tracking branches to be listed,
 and option <code>-a</code> shows both local and remote branches. If a <code>&lt;pattern&gt;</code>
 is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
 matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
 it matches any of the patterns. Note that when providing a
 <code>&lt;pattern&gt;</code>, you must use <code>--list</code>; otherwise the command is interpreted
 as branch creation.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>With <code>--contains</code>, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
 named commit), <code>--no-contains</code> inverts it. With <code>--merged</code>, only branches
 merged into the named commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are
 reachable from the named commit) will be listed. With <code>--no-merged</code> only
 branches not merged into the named commit will be listed. If the &lt;commit&gt;
 argument is missing it defaults to <code>HEAD</code> (i.e. the tip of the current
 branch).</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The command&#8217;s second form creates a new branch head named &lt;branchname&gt;
 which points to the current <code>HEAD</code>, or &lt;start-point&gt; if given.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
 working tree to it; use "git checkout &lt;newbranch&gt;" to switch to the
 new branch.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
 branch (specifically the <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.remote</code> and <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.merge</code>
 configuration entries) so that <em>git pull</em> will appropriately merge from
 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
 <code>branch.autoSetupMerge</code> configuration flag. That setting can be
 overridden by using the <code>--track</code> and <code>--no-track</code> options, and
 changed later using <code>git branch --set-upstream-to</code>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>With a <code>-m</code> or <code>-M</code> option, &lt;oldbranch&gt; will be renamed to &lt;newbranch&gt;.
 If &lt;oldbranch&gt; had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
 &lt;newbranch&gt;, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
 renaming. If &lt;newbranch&gt; exists, -M must be used to force the rename
 to happen.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <code>-c</code> and <code>-C</code> options have the exact same semantics as <code>-m</code> and
 <code>-M</code>, except instead of the branch being renamed it along with its
 config and reflog will be copied to a new name.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>With a <code>-d</code> or <code>-D</code> option, <code>&lt;branchname&gt;</code> will be deleted. You may
 specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently
 has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Use <code>-r</code> together with <code>-d</code> to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
 only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
 in the remote repository or if <em>git fetch</em> was configured not to fetch
 them again. See also the <em>prune</em> subcommand of <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a> for a
 way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -d
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --delete
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
  upstream branch, or in <code>HEAD</code> if no upstream was set with
  <code>--track</code> or <code>--set-upstream-to</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -D
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Shortcut for <code>--delete --force</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -l
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --create-reflog
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Create the branch&#8217;s reflog. This activates recording of
  all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
  based sha1 expressions such as "&lt;branchname&gt;@{yesterday}".
  Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
  enabled by default by the <code>core.logAllRefUpdates</code> config option.
  The negated form <code>--no-create-reflog</code> only overrides an earlier
  <code>--create-reflog</code>, but currently does not negate the setting of
  <code>core.logAllRefUpdates</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -f
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --force
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Reset &lt;branchname&gt; to &lt;startpoint&gt;, even if &lt;branchname&gt; exists
  already. Without <code>-f</code>, <em>git branch</em> refuses to change an existing branch.
  In combination with <code>-d</code> (or <code>--delete</code>), allow deleting the
  branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with
  <code>-m</code> (or <code>--move</code>), allow renaming the branch even if the new
  branch name already exists, the same applies for <code>-c</code> (or <code>--copy</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -m
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --move
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -M
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Shortcut for <code>--move --force</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -c
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --copy
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Copy a branch and the corresponding reflog.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -C
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Shortcut for <code>--copy --force</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --color[=&lt;when&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Color branches to highlight current, local, and
  remote-tracking branches.
  The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-color
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
  default to color output.
  Same as <code>--color=never</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -i
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --ignore-case
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Sorting and filtering branches are case insensitive.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --column[=&lt;options&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-column
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
  column.branch for option syntax.<code>--column</code> and <code>--no-column</code>
  without options are equivalent to <em>always</em> and <em>never</em> respectively.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -r
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --remotes
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -a
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --all
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --list
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  List branches. With optional <code>&lt;pattern&gt;...</code>, e.g. <code>git
  branch --list 'maint-*'</code>, list only the branches that match
  the pattern(s).
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This should not be confused with <code>git branch -l &lt;branchname&gt;</code>,
 which creates a branch named <code>&lt;branchname&gt;</code> with a reflog.
 See <code>--create-reflog</code> above for details.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -v
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -vv
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --verbose
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  When in list mode,
  show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
  relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
  the name of the upstream branch, as well (see also <code>git remote
  show &lt;remote&gt;</code>).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -q
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --quiet
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
  non-error messages.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --abbrev=&lt;length&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Alter the sha1&#8217;s minimum display length in the output listing.
  The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the <code>core.abbrev</code>
  config option.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-abbrev
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -t
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --track
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  When creating a new branch, set up <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.remote</code> and
  <code>branch.&lt;name&gt;.merge</code> configuration entries to mark the
  start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
  configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
  two branches in <code>git status</code> and <code>git branch -v</code>. Furthermore,
  it directs <code>git pull</code> without arguments to pull from the
  upstream when the new branch is checked out.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
 Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to <code>false</code> if you
 want <code>git checkout</code> and <code>git branch</code> to always behave as if <code>--no-track</code>
 were given. Set it to <code>always</code> if you want this behavior when the
 start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-track
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
  branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --set-upstream
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported.
  Please use <code>--track</code> or <code>--set-upstream-to</code> instead.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -u &lt;upstream&gt;
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --set-upstream-to=&lt;upstream&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Set up &lt;branchname&gt;'s tracking information so &lt;upstream&gt; is
  considered &lt;branchname&gt;'s upstream branch. If no &lt;branchname&gt;
  is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --unset-upstream
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Remove the upstream information for &lt;branchname&gt;. If no branch
  is specified it defaults to the current branch.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --edit-description
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
  for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. <code>format-patch</code>,
  <code>request-pull</code>, and <code>merge</code> (if enabled)). Multi-line explanations
  may be used.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --contains [&lt;commit&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
  if not specified). Implies <code>--list</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-contains [&lt;commit&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Only list branches which don&#8217;t contain the specified commit
  (HEAD if not specified). Implies <code>--list</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --merged [&lt;commit&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
  specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies <code>--list</code>,
  incompatible with <code>--no-merged</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-merged [&lt;commit&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
  specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies <code>--list</code>,
  incompatible with <code>--merged</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 &lt;branchname&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The name of the branch to create or delete.
  The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
  <a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>. Some of these checks
  may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 &lt;start-point&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The new branch head will point to this commit. It may be
  given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag. If this
  option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 &lt;oldbranch&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The name of an existing branch to rename.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 &lt;newbranch&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
  &lt;branchname&gt; apply.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --sort=&lt;key&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Sort based on the key given. Prefix <code>-</code> to sort in descending
  order of the value. You may use the --sort=&lt;key&gt; option
  multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
  key. The keys supported are the same as those in <code>git
  for-each-ref</code>. Sort order defaults to sorting based on the
  full refname (including <code>refs/...</code> prefix). This lists
  detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and
  finally remote-tracking branches.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --points-at &lt;object&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Only list branches of the given object.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --format &lt;format&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  A string that interpolates <code>%(fieldname)</code> from a branch ref being shown
  and the object it points at. The format is the same as
  that of <a href="git-for-each-ref.html">git-for-each-ref(1)</a>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p><code>pager.branch</code> is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when
 <code>--list</code> is used or implied. The default is to use a pager.
 See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Start development from a known tag
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
 $ cd my2.6
 $ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git checkout my2.6.14</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
 "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Delete an unneeded branch
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
 $ cd my.git
 $ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git branch -D test <b>&lt;2&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
 <em>fetch</em> or <em>pull</em> will create them again unless you configure them not to.
 See <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
 is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_notes">Notes</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you are creating a branch that you want to checkout immediately, it is
 easier to use the git checkout command with its <code>-b</code> option to create
 a branch and check it out with a single command.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The options <code>--contains</code>, <code>--no-contains</code>, <code>--merged</code> and <code>--no-merged</code>
 serve four related but different purposes:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <code>--contains &lt;commit&gt;</code> is used to find all branches which will need
  special attention if &lt;commit&gt; were to be rebased or amended, since those
  branches contain the specified &lt;commit&gt;.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <code>--no-contains &lt;commit&gt;</code> is the inverse of that, i.e. branches that don&#8217;t
  contain the specified &lt;commit&gt;.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <code>--merged</code> is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
  since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <code>--no-merged</code> is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
  into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-check-ref-format.html">git-check-ref-format(1)</a>,
 <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>,
 <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>,
 <a href="user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch">&#8220;Understanding history: What is
 a branch?&#8221;</a> in the Git User&#8217;s Manual.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
  2018-01-26 15:11:04 PST
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