technical/api-strbuf.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>strbuf API</h1>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>strbuf&#8217;s are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
 APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it&#8217;s often better to
 use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
 Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
 stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>A strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
 strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>strbufs have some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:</p></div>
 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 <li>
 <p>
 The <tt>buf</tt> member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
 string operations safely. strbuf&#8217;s <em>have</em> to be initialized either by
 <tt>strbuf_init()</tt> or by <tt>= STRBUF_INIT</tt> before the invariants, though.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Do <strong>not</strong> assume anything on what <tt>buf</tt> really is (e.g. if it is
 allocated memory or not), use <tt>strbuf_detach()</tt> to unwrap a memory
 buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
 way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later <tt>free()</tt>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
 the <tt>buf</tt> member, between the indices <tt>0</tt> and <tt>len-1</tt> (inclusive).</p></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 The <tt>buf</tt> member is a byte array that has at least <tt>len + 1</tt> bytes
  allocated. The extra byte is used to store a <tt>'\0'</tt>, allowing the
  <tt>buf</tt> member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
  invariant is preserved.
 </p>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
  way:</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 strbuf_setlen(sb, sb-&gt;len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 Here, the memory array starting at <tt>sb-&gt;buf</tt>, and of length
 <tt>strbuf_avail(sb)</tt> is all yours, and you can be sure that
 <tt>strbuf_avail(sb)</tt> is at least <tt>SOME_SIZE</tt>.
 </p>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content"><tt>SOME_OTHER_SIZE</tt> must be smaller or equal to <tt>strbuf_avail(sb)</tt>.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
 missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.</p></div>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Warning</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">Do <em>not</em> assume that the area that is yours is of size <tt>alloc
 - 1</tt> even if it&#8217;s true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
 "private" member that should not be messed with. Use <tt>strbuf_avail()</tt>
 instead.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_data_structures">Data structures</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <tt>struct strbuf</tt>
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is the string buffer structure. The <tt>len</tt> member can be used to
 determine the current length of the string, and <tt>buf</tt> member provides
 access to the string itself.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_functions">Functions</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 Life cycle
 </p>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_init</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
  number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_release</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
  string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_detach</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
  storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
  to release it with <tt>free(3)</tt> when you are done with it.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_attach</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
  the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
  The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
  pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string. This string <em>must</em> be
  malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
  anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_swap</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Swap the contents of two string buffers.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Related to the size of the buffer
 </p>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_avail</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_grow</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
  <tt>len</tt>. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
  and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
  This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
  some cases.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_setlen</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does <strong>not</strong>
  allocate new memory, so you should not perform a <tt>strbuf_setlen()</tt> to a
  length that is larger than <tt>len + strbuf_avail()</tt>. <tt>strbuf_setlen()</tt> is
  just meant as a <em>please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
  with</em>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_reset</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Related to the contents of the buffer
 </p>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_trim</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Strip whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.
  Equivalent to performing <tt>strbuf_rtrim()</tt> followed by <tt>strbuf_ltrim()</tt>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_rtrim</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Strip whitespace from the end of a string.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_ltrim</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Strip whitespace from the beginning of a string.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_reencode</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Replace the contents of the strbuf with a reencoded form. Returns -1
  on error, 0 on success.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_tolower</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Lowercase each character in the buffer using <tt>tolower</tt>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_cmp</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
  than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
  to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Adding data to the buffer
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as necessary.
 If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the buffer hadn&#8217;t
 been allocated before (i.e. the <tt>struct strbuf</tt> was set to <tt>STRBUF_INIT</tt>),
 then they will free() it.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_addch</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Add a single character to the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_insert</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
  will be shifted, not overwritten.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_remove</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_splice</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Remove the bytes between <tt>pos..pos+len</tt> and replace it with the given
  data.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_add_commented_lines</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
  by a comment character and a blank.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_add</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Add data of given length to the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_addstr</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
 Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
 </p>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">This function will <strong>always</strong> be implemented as an inline or a macro
 that expands to:</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>strbuf_add(..., s, strlen(s));</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Meaning that this is efficient to write things like:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_addbuf</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Copy the contents of another buffer at the end of the current one.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_adddup</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
  end of the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_expand</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  This function can be used to expand a format string containing
  placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
  function for every percent sign found.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the <tt>%</tt>
 and a pointer to the struct strbuf. It is expected to add the expanded
 version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
 character if the letter <tt>n</tt> appears after a <tt>%</tt>. The function returns
 the length of the placeholder recognized and <tt>strbuf_expand()</tt> skips
 over it.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The format <tt>%%</tt> is automatically expanded to a single <tt>%</tt> as a quoting
 mechanism; callers do not need to handle the <tt>%</tt> placeholder themselves,
 and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
 verbatim to the strbuf. If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
 placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
 parameters to the callback, <tt>strbuf_expand()</tt> passes a context pointer,
 which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_expand_dict_cb</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Used as callback for <tt>strbuf_expand()</tt>, expects an array of
  struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
  placeholder and replacement string. The array needs to be
  terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_addbuf_percentquote</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
  percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
  destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
  strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_humanise_bytes</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
  3.50 MiB).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_addf</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Add a formatted string to the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_commented_addf</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
  blank to the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_fread</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
 </p>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
 <tt>errno</tt> must be consulted, like you would do for <tt>read(3)</tt>.
 <tt>strbuf_read()</tt>, <tt>strbuf_read_file()</tt> and <tt>strbuf_getline()</tt> has the
 same behaviour as well.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_read</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
  used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_read_file</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
  can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_readlink</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path. The third
  argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_getline</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Read a line from a FILE *, overwriting the existing contents
  of the strbuf. The second argument specifies the line
  terminator character, typically <tt>'\n'</tt>.
  Reading stops after the terminator or at EOF. The terminator
  is removed from the buffer before returning. Returns 0 unless
  there was nothing left before EOF, in which case it returns <tt>EOF</tt>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_getwholeline</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Like <tt>strbuf_getline</tt>, but keeps the trailing terminator (if
  any) in the buffer.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_getwholeline_fd</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Like <tt>strbuf_getwholeline</tt>, but operates on a file descriptor.
  It reads one character at a time, so it is very slow. Do not
  use it unless you need the correct position in the file
  descriptor.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_getcwd</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Set the buffer to the path of the current working directory.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p><tt>strbuf_add_absolute_path</tt></p></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>Add a path to a buffer, converting a relative path to an
 absolute one in the process. Symbolic links are not
 resolved.</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>stripspace</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
  comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_split_buf</tt>
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_split_str</tt>
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_split_max</tt>
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_split</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Split a string or strbuf into a list of strbufs at a specified
  terminator character. The returned substrings include the
  terminator characters. Some of these functions take a <tt>max</tt>
  parameter, which, if positive, limits the output to that
  number of substrings.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>strbuf_list_free</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Free a list of strbufs (for example, the return values of the
  <tt>strbuf_split()</tt> functions).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <tt>launch_editor</tt>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
  with the file&#8217;s contents upon the user completing their editing. The
  third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
  run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
  file&#8217;s contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated 2014-09-02 14:43:52 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
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