| <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" | |
| "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> | |
| <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> | |
| <head> | |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> | |
| <meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 7.0.2" /> | |
| <style type="text/css"> | |
| /* Debug borders */ | |
| p, li, dt, dd, div, pre, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { | |
| /* | |
| border: 1px solid red; | |
| */ | |
| } | |
| body { | |
| margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%; | |
| } | |
| a { color: blue; } | |
| a:visited { color: fuchsia; } | |
| em { | |
| font-style: italic; | |
| } | |
| strong { | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| } | |
| tt { | |
| color: navy; | |
| } | |
| h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { | |
| color: #527bbd; | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| margin-top: 1.2em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| line-height: 1.3; | |
| } | |
| h1 { | |
| border-bottom: 2px solid silver; | |
| } | |
| h2 { | |
| border-bottom: 2px solid silver; | |
| padding-top: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.sectionbody { | |
| font-family: serif; | |
| margin-left: 0; | |
| } | |
| hr { | |
| border: 1px solid silver; | |
| } | |
| p { | |
| margin-top: 0.5em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| pre { | |
| padding: 0; | |
| margin: 0; | |
| } | |
| span#author { | |
| color: #527bbd; | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| font-size: 1.2em; | |
| } | |
| span#email { | |
| } | |
| span#revision { | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| } | |
| div#footer { | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| font-size: small; | |
| border-top: 2px solid silver; | |
| padding-top: 0.5em; | |
| margin-top: 4.0em; | |
| } | |
| div#footer-text { | |
| float: left; | |
| padding-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div#footer-badges { | |
| float: right; | |
| padding-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div#preamble, | |
| div.tableblock, div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock, | |
| div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock, | |
| div.admonitionblock { | |
| margin-right: 10%; | |
| margin-top: 1.5em; | |
| margin-bottom: 1.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.admonitionblock { | |
| margin-top: 2.5em; | |
| margin-bottom: 2.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.content { /* Block element content. */ | |
| padding: 0; | |
| } | |
| /* Block element titles. */ | |
| div.title, caption.title { | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| text-align: left; | |
| margin-top: 1.0em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.title + * { | |
| margin-top: 0; | |
| } | |
| td div.title:first-child { | |
| margin-top: 0.0em; | |
| } | |
| div.content div.title:first-child { | |
| margin-top: 0.0em; | |
| } | |
| div.content + div.title { | |
| margin-top: 0.0em; | |
| } | |
| div.sidebarblock > div.content { | |
| background: #ffffee; | |
| border: 1px solid silver; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.listingblock > div.content { | |
| border: 1px solid silver; | |
| background: #f4f4f4; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.quoteblock > div.content { | |
| padding-left: 2.0em; | |
| } | |
| div.quoteblock .attribution { | |
| text-align: right; | |
| } | |
| div.admonitionblock .icon { | |
| vertical-align: top; | |
| font-size: 1.1em; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| text-decoration: underline; | |
| color: #527bbd; | |
| padding-right: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.admonitionblock td.content { | |
| padding-left: 0.5em; | |
| border-left: 2px solid silver; | |
| } | |
| div.exampleblock > div.content { | |
| border-left: 2px solid silver; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.verseblock div.content { | |
| white-space: pre; | |
| } | |
| div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; } | |
| div.imageblock img { border: 1px solid silver; } | |
| span.image img { border-style: none; } | |
| dl { | |
| margin-top: 0.8em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.8em; | |
| } | |
| dt { | |
| margin-top: 0.5em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0; | |
| font-style: italic; | |
| } | |
| dd > *:first-child { | |
| margin-top: 0; | |
| } | |
| ul, ol { | |
| list-style-position: outside; | |
| } | |
| ol.olist2 { | |
| list-style-type: lower-alpha; | |
| } | |
| div.tableblock > table { | |
| border-color: #527bbd; | |
| border-width: 3px; | |
| } | |
| thead { | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| } | |
| tfoot { | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| } | |
| div.hlist { | |
| margin-top: 0.8em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.8em; | |
| } | |
| td.hlist1 { | |
| vertical-align: top; | |
| font-style: italic; | |
| padding-right: 0.8em; | |
| } | |
| td.hlist2 { | |
| vertical-align: top; | |
| } | |
| @media print { | |
| div#footer-badges { display: none; } | |
| } | |
| /* Workarounds for IE6's broken and incomplete CSS2. */ | |
| div.sidebar-content { | |
| background: #ffffee; | |
| border: 1px solid silver; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.sidebar-title, div.image-title { | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| margin-top: 0.0em; | |
| margin-bottom: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.listingblock div.content { | |
| border: 1px solid silver; | |
| background: #f4f4f4; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| div.quoteblock-content { | |
| padding-left: 2.0em; | |
| } | |
| div.exampleblock-content { | |
| border-left: 2px solid silver; | |
| padding-left: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| </style> | |
| <title>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</title> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <div id="header"> | |
| <h1>Everyday GIT With 20 Commands Or So</h1> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="preamble"> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>GIT suite has over 100 commands, and the manual page for each of | |
| them discusses what the command does and how it is used in | |
| detail, but until you know what command should be used in order | |
| to achieve what you want to do, you cannot tell which manual | |
| page to look at, and if you know that already you do not need | |
| the manual.</p> | |
| <p>Does that mean you need to know all of them before you can use | |
| git? Not at all. Depending on the role you play, the set of | |
| commands you need to know is slightly different, but in any case | |
| what you need to learn is far smaller than the full set of | |
| commands to carry out your day-to-day work. This document is to | |
| serve as a cheat-sheet and a set of pointers for people playing | |
| various roles.</p> | |
| <p><a href="#Basic Repository">[Basic Repository]</a> commands are needed by people who has a | |
| repository --- that is everybody, because every working tree of | |
| git is a repository.</p> | |
| <p>In addition, <a href="#Individual Developer (Standalone)">[Individual Developer (Standalone)]</a> commands are | |
| essential for anybody who makes a commit, even for somebody who | |
| works alone.</p> | |
| <p>If you work with other people, you will need commands listed in | |
| <a href="#Individual Developer (Participant)">[Individual Developer (Participant)]</a> section as well.</p> | |
| <p>People who play <a href="#Integrator">[Integrator]</a> role need to learn some more | |
| commands in addition to the above.</p> | |
| <p><a href="#Repository Administration">[Repository Administration]</a> commands are for system | |
| administrators who are responsible to care and feed git | |
| repositories to support developers.</p> | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Basic Repository<a id="Basic Repository"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>Everybody uses these commands to feed and care git repositories.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-init-db.html">git-init-db(1)</a> or <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> to create a | |
| new repository. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-fsck-objects.html">git-fsck-objects(1)</a> to validate the repository. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a> to garbage collect cruft in the | |
| repository. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> to pack loose objects for efficiency. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h3>Examples</h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| Check health and remove cruft. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git fsck-objects <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ git prune | |
| $ git count-objects <b>(2)</b> | |
| $ git repack <b>(3)</b> | |
| $ git prune <b>(4)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| running without "—full" is usually cheap and assures the | |
| repository health reasonably well. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| check how many loose objects there are and how much | |
| disk space is wasted by not repacking. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| without "-a" repacks incrementally. repacking every 4-5MB | |
| of loose objects accumulation may be a good rule of thumb. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| after repack, prune removes the duplicate loose objects. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Repack a small project into single pack. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git repack -a -d <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ git prune</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| pack all the objects reachable from the refs into one pack | |
| and remove unneeded other packs | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Individual Developer (Standalone)<a id="Individual Developer (Standalone)"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>A standalone individual developer does not exchange patches with | |
| other people, and works alone in a single repository, using the | |
| following commands.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-show-branch.html">git-show-branch(1)</a> to see where you are. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> to see what happened. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-whatchanged.html">git-whatchanged(1)</a> to find out where things have | |
| come from. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> and <a href="git-branch.html">git-branch(1)</a> to switch | |
| branches. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> and <a href="git-update-index.html">git-update-index(1)</a> to manage | |
| the index file. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and <a href="git-status.html">git-status(1)</a> to see what | |
| you are in the middle of doing. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a> to advance the current branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a> and <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> (with | |
| pathname parameters) to undo changes. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> with "." as the remote to merge between | |
| local branches. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> to maintain topic branches. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-tag.html">git-tag(1)</a> to mark known point. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h3>Examples</h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| Extract a tarball and create a working tree and a new repository to keep track of it. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ tar zxf frotz.tar.gz | |
| $ cd frotz | |
| $ git-init-db | |
| $ git add . <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ git commit -m 'import of frotz source tree.' | |
| $ git tag v2.43 <b>(2)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| add everything under the current directory. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| make a lightweight, unannotated tag. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Create a topic branch and develop. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git checkout -b alsa-audio <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ edit/compile/test | |
| $ git checkout -- curses/ux_audio_oss.c <b>(2)</b> | |
| $ git add curses/ux_audio_alsa.c <b>(3)</b> | |
| $ edit/compile/test | |
| $ git diff <b>(4)</b> | |
| $ git commit -a -s <b>(5)</b> | |
| $ edit/compile/test | |
| $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <b>(6)</b> | |
| $ edit/compile/test | |
| $ git diff ORIG_HEAD <b>(7)</b> | |
| $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <b>(8)</b> | |
| $ git checkout master <b>(9)</b> | |
| $ git pull . alsa-audio <b>(10)</b> | |
| $ git log --since='3 days ago' <b>(11)</b> | |
| $ git log v2.43.. curses/ <b>(12)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| create a new topic branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| revert your botched changes in "curses/ux_audio_oss.c". | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| you need to tell git if you added a new file; removal and | |
| modification will be caught if you do "commit -a" later. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| to see what changes you are committing. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| commit everything as you have tested, with your sign-off. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| take the last commit back, keeping what is in the working tree. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| look at the changes since the premature commit we took back. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| redo the commit undone in the previous step, using the message | |
| you originally wrote. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| switch to the master branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| merge a topic branch into your master branch | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| review commit logs; other forms to limit output can be | |
| combined and include —max-count=10 (show 10 commits), —until=<em>2005-12-10</em>. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| view only the changes that touch what's in curses/ | |
| directory, since v2.43 tag. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Individual Developer (Participant)<a id="Individual Developer (Participant)"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>A developer working as a participant in a group project needs to | |
| learn how to communicate with others, and uses these commands in | |
| addition to the ones needed by a standalone developer.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> from the upstream to prime your local | |
| repository. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> from "origin" | |
| to keep up-to-date with the upstream. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to shared repository, if you adopt CVS | |
| style shared repository workflow. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare e-mail submission, if | |
| you adopt Linux kernel-style public forum workflow. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h3>Examples</h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| Clone the upstream and work on it. Feed changes to upstream. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6 my2.6 | |
| $ cd my2.6 | |
| $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a -s <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ git format-patch origin <b>(2)</b> | |
| $ git pull <b>(3)</b> | |
| $ git whatchanged -p ORIG_HEAD.. arch/i386 include/asm-i386 <b>(4)</b> | |
| $ git pull git://git.kernel.org/pub/.../jgarzik/libata-dev.git ALL <b>(5)</b> | |
| $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <b>(6)</b> | |
| $ git prune <b>(7)</b> | |
| $ git fetch --tags <b>(8)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| repeat as needed. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| extract patches from your branch for e-mail submission. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| "pull" fetches from "origin" by default and merges into the | |
| current branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| immediately after pulling, look at the changes done upstream | |
| since last time we checked, only in the | |
| area we are interested in. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| fetch from a specific branch from a specific repository and merge. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| revert the pull. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| garbage collect leftover objects from reverted pull. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| from time to time, obtain official tags from the "origin" | |
| and store them under .git/refs/tags/. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Push into another repository. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>satellite$ git clone mothership:frotz/.git frotz <b>(1)</b> | |
| satellite$ cd frotz | |
| satellite$ cat .git/remotes/origin <b>(2)</b> | |
| URL: mothership:frotz/.git | |
| Pull: master:origin | |
| satellite$ echo 'Push: master:satellite' >>.git/remotes/origin <b>(3)</b> | |
| satellite$ edit/compile/test/commit | |
| satellite$ git push origin <b>(4)</b> | |
| mothership$ cd frotz | |
| mothership$ git checkout master | |
| mothership$ git pull . satellite <b>(5)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| mothership machine has a frotz repository under your home | |
| directory; clone from it to start a repository on the satellite | |
| machine. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| clone creates this file by default. It arranges "git pull" | |
| to fetch and store the master branch head of mothership machine | |
| to local "origin" branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| arrange "git push" to push local "master" branch to | |
| "satellite" branch of the mothership machine. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| push will stash our work away on "satellite" branch on the | |
| mothership machine. You could use this as a back-up method. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| on mothership machine, merge the work done on the satellite | |
| machine into the master branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Branch off of a specific tag. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git checkout -b private2.6.14 v2.6.14 <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ edit/compile/test; git commit -a | |
| $ git checkout master | |
| $ git format-patch -k -m --stdout v2.6.14..private2.6.14 | | |
| git am -3 -k <b>(2)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| create a private branch based on a well known (but somewhat behind) | |
| tag. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| forward port all changes in private2.6.14 branch to master branch | |
| without a formal "merging". | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Integrator<a id="Integrator"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>A fairly central person acting as the integrator in a group | |
| project receives changes made by others, reviews and integrates | |
| them and publishes the result for others to use, using these | |
| commands in addition to the ones needed by participants.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-am.html">git-am(1)</a> to apply patches e-mailed in from your | |
| contributors. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> to merge from your trusted lieutenants. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> to prepare and send suggested | |
| alternative to contributors. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> to undo botched commits. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> to publish the bleeding edge. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h3>Examples</h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| My typical GIT day. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ git status <b>(1)</b> | |
| $ git show-branch <b>(2)</b> | |
| $ mailx <b>(3)</b> | |
| & s 2 3 4 5 ./+to-apply | |
| & s 7 8 ./+hold-linus | |
| & q | |
| $ git checkout master | |
| $ git am -3 -i -s -u ./+to-apply <b>(4)</b> | |
| $ compile/test | |
| $ git checkout -b hold/linus && git am -3 -i -s -u ./+hold-linus <b>(5)</b> | |
| $ git checkout topic/one && git rebase master <b>(6)</b> | |
| $ git checkout pu && git reset --hard master <b>(7)</b> | |
| $ git pull . topic/one topic/two && git pull . hold/linus <b>(8)</b> | |
| $ git checkout maint | |
| $ git cherry-pick master~4 <b>(9)</b> | |
| $ compile/test | |
| $ git tag -s -m 'GIT 0.99.9x' v0.99.9x <b>(10)</b> | |
| $ git fetch ko && git show-branch master maint 'tags/ko-*' <b>(11)</b> | |
| $ git push ko <b>(12)</b> | |
| $ git push ko v0.99.9x <b>(13)</b></tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| see what I was in the middle of doing, if any. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| see what topic branches I have and think about how ready | |
| they are. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| read mails, save ones that are applicable, and save others | |
| that are not quite ready. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| apply them, interactively, with my sign-offs. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| create topic branch as needed and apply, again with my | |
| sign-offs. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| rebase internal topic branch that has not been merged to the | |
| master, nor exposed as a part of a stable branch. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| restart "pu" every time from the master. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| and bundle topic branches still cooking. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| backport a critical fix. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| create a signed tag. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| make sure I did not accidentally rewind master beyond what I | |
| already pushed out. "ko" shorthand points at the repository I have | |
| at kernel.org, and looks like this: | |
| </p> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ cat .git/remotes/ko | |
| URL: kernel.org:/pub/scm/git/git.git | |
| Pull: master:refs/tags/ko-master | |
| Pull: maint:refs/tags/ko-maint | |
| Push: master | |
| Push: +pu | |
| Push: maint</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>In the output from "git show-branch", "master" should have | |
| everything "ko-master" has.</p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| push out the bleeding edge. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| push the tag out, too. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <h2>Repository Administration<a id="Repository Administration"></a></h2> | |
| <div class="sectionbody"> | |
| <p>A repository administrator uses the following tools to set up | |
| and maintain access to the repository by developers.</p> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-daemon.html">git-daemon(1)</a> to allow anonymous download from | |
| repository. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| <a href="git-shell.html">git-shell(1)</a> can be used as a <em>restricted login shell</em> | |
| for shared central repository users. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <p><a href="howto/update-hook-example.txt">update hook howto</a> has a good | |
| example of managing a shared central repository.</p> | |
| <h3>Examples</h3> | |
| <dl> | |
| <dt> | |
| Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from inetd. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ grep git /etc/inetd.conf | |
| git stream tcp nowait nobody \ | |
| /usr/bin/git-daemon git-daemon --inetd --syslog --export-all /pub/scm</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>The actual configuration line should be on one line.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Run git-daemon to serve /pub/scm from xinetd. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ cat /etc/xinetd.d/git-daemon | |
| # default: off | |
| # description: The git server offers access to git repositories | |
| service git | |
| { | |
| disable = no | |
| type = UNLISTED | |
| port = 9418 | |
| socket_type = stream | |
| wait = no | |
| user = nobody | |
| server = /usr/bin/git-daemon | |
| server_args = --inetd --syslog --export-all --base-path=/pub/scm | |
| log_on_failure += USERID | |
| }</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <p>Check your xinetd(8) documentation and setup, this is from a Fedora system. | |
| Others might be different.</p> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| Give push/pull only access to developers. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ grep git /etc/passwd <b>(1)</b> | |
| alice:x:1000:1000::/home/alice:/usr/bin/git-shell | |
| bob:x:1001:1001::/home/bob:/usr/bin/git-shell | |
| cindy:x:1002:1002::/home/cindy:/usr/bin/git-shell | |
| david:x:1003:1003::/home/david:/usr/bin/git-shell | |
| $ grep git /etc/shells <b>(2)</b> | |
| /usr/bin/git-shell</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| log-in shell is set to /usr/bin/git-shell, which does not | |
| allow anything but "git push" and "git pull". The users should | |
| get an ssh access to the machine. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| in many distributions /etc/shells needs to list what is used | |
| as the login shell. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| CVS-style shared repository. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>$ grep git /etc/group <b>(1)</b> | |
| git:x:9418:alice,bob,cindy,david | |
| $ cd /home/devo.git | |
| $ ls -l <b>(2)</b> | |
| lrwxrwxrwx 1 david git 17 Dec 4 22:40 HEAD -> refs/heads/master | |
| drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 branches | |
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 84 Dec 4 22:40 config | |
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 58 Dec 4 22:40 description | |
| drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 hooks | |
| -rw-rw-r-- 1 david git 37504 Dec 4 22:40 index | |
| drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 info | |
| drwxrwsr-x 4 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 objects | |
| drwxrwsr-x 4 david git 4096 Nov 7 14:58 refs | |
| drwxrwsr-x 2 david git 4096 Dec 4 22:40 remotes | |
| $ ls -l hooks/update <b>(3)</b> | |
| -r-xr-xr-x 1 david git 3536 Dec 4 22:40 update | |
| $ cat info/allowed-users <b>(4)</b> | |
| refs/heads/master alice\|cindy | |
| refs/heads/doc-update bob | |
| refs/tags/v[0-9]* david</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| place the developers into the same git group. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| and make the shared repository writable by the group. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| use update-hook example by Carl from Documentation/howto/ | |
| for branch policy control. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| alice and cindy can push into master, only bob can push into doc-update. | |
| david is the release manager and is the only person who can | |
| create and push version tags. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| <dt> | |
| HTTP server to support dumb protocol transfer. | |
| </dt> | |
| <dd> | |
| <div class="listingblock"> | |
| <div class="content"> | |
| <pre><tt>dev$ git update-server-info <b>(1)</b> | |
| dev$ ftp user@isp.example.com <b>(2)</b> | |
| ftp> cp -r .git /home/user/myproject.git</tt></pre> | |
| </div></div> | |
| <ol> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| make sure your info/refs and objects/info/packs are up-to-date | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| <li> | |
| <p> | |
| upload to public HTTP server hosted by your ISP. | |
| </p> | |
| </li> | |
| </ol> | |
| </dd> | |
| </dl> | |
| </div> | |
| <div id="footer"> | |
| <div id="footer-text"> | |
| Last updated 07-Jun-2006 19:51:36 UTC | |
| </div> | |
| </div> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> |