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<div id="header"> | |
<h1> | |
git-gc(1) Manual Page | |
</h1> | |
<h2>NAME</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>git-gc - | |
Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository | |
</p> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="content"> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="verseblock"> | |
<pre class="content"><em>git gc</em> [--aggressive] [--auto] [--quiet] [--prune=<date> | --no-prune] [--force] [--keep-largest-pack]</pre> | |
<div class="attribution"> | |
</div></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Runs a number of housekeeping tasks within the current repository, | |
such as compressing file revisions (to reduce disk space and increase | |
performance), removing unreachable objects which may have been | |
created from prior invocations of <em>git add</em>, packing refs, pruning | |
reflog, rerere metadata or stale working trees. May also update ancillary | |
indexes such as the commit-graph.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When common porcelain operations that create objects are run, they | |
will check whether the repository has grown substantially since the | |
last maintenance, and if so run <code>git gc</code> automatically. See <code>gc.auto</code> | |
below for how to disable this behavior.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Running <code>git gc</code> manually should only be needed when adding objects to | |
a repository without regularly running such porcelain commands, to do | |
a one-off repository optimization, or e.g. to clean up a suboptimal | |
mass-import. See the "PACKFILE OPTIMIZATION" section in | |
<a href="git-fast-import.html">git-fast-import(1)</a> for more details on the import case.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--aggressive | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Usually <em>git gc</em> runs very quickly while providing good disk | |
space utilization and performance. This option will cause | |
<em>git gc</em> to more aggressively optimize the repository at the expense | |
of taking much more time. The effects of this optimization are | |
mostly persistent. See the "AGGRESSIVE" section below for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--auto | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
With this option, <em>git gc</em> checks whether any housekeeping is | |
required; if not, it exits without performing any work. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the <code>gc.auto</code> option in the "CONFIGURATION" section below for how | |
this heuristic works.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Once housekeeping is triggered by exceeding the limits of | |
configuration options such as <code>gc.auto</code> and <code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>, all | |
other housekeeping tasks (e.g. rerere, working trees, reflog…) will | |
be performed as well.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--[no-]cruft | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When expiring unreachable objects, pack them separately into a | |
cruft pack instead of storing them as loose objects. <code>--cruft</code> | |
is on by default. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--max-cruft-size=<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When packing unreachable objects into a cruft pack, limit the | |
size of new cruft packs to be at most <code><n></code> bytes. Overrides any | |
value specified via the <code>gc.maxCruftSize</code> configuration. See | |
the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for | |
more. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--prune=<date> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Prune loose objects older than date (default is 2 weeks ago, | |
overridable by the config variable <code>gc.pruneExpire</code>). | |
--prune=now prunes loose objects regardless of their age and | |
increases the risk of corruption if another process is writing to | |
the repository concurrently; see "NOTES" below. --prune is on by | |
default. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--no-prune | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Do not prune any loose objects. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--quiet | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Suppress all progress reports. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--force | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Force <code>git gc</code> to run even if there may be another <code>git gc</code> | |
instance running on this repository. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
--keep-largest-pack | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
All packs except the largest non-cruft pack, any packs marked | |
with a <code>.keep</code> file, and any cruft pack(s) are consolidated into | |
a single pack. When this option is used, <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> | |
is ignored. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_aggressive">AGGRESSIVE</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When the <code>--aggressive</code> option is supplied, <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> will | |
be invoked with the <code>-f</code> flag, which in turn will pass | |
<code>--no-reuse-delta</code> to <a href="git-pack-objects.html">git-pack-objects(1)</a>. This will throw | |
away any existing deltas and re-compute them, at the expense of | |
spending much more time on the repacking.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The effects of this are mostly persistent, e.g. when packs and loose | |
objects are coalesced into one another pack the existing deltas in | |
that pack might get re-used, but there are also various cases where we | |
might pick a sub-optimal delta from a newer pack instead.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Furthermore, supplying <code>--aggressive</code> will tweak the <code>--depth</code> and | |
<code>--window</code> options passed to <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. See the | |
<code>gc.aggressiveDepth</code> and <code>gc.aggressiveWindow</code> settings below. By | |
using a larger window size we’re more likely to find more optimal | |
deltas.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>It’s probably not worth it to use this option on a given repository | |
without running tailored performance benchmarks on it. It takes a lot | |
more time, and the resulting space/delta optimization may or may not | |
be worth it. Not using this at all is the right trade-off for most | |
users and their repositories.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included | |
from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same | |
as what’s found there:</p></div> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.aggressiveDepth | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The depth parameter used in the delta compression | |
algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults | |
to 50, which is the default for the <code>--depth</code> option when | |
<code>--aggressive</code> isn’t in use. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the documentation for the <code>--depth</code> option in | |
<a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.aggressiveWindow | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The window size parameter used in the delta compression | |
algorithm used by <em>git gc --aggressive</em>. This defaults | |
to 250, which is a much more aggressive window size than | |
the default <code>--window</code> of 10. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the documentation for the <code>--window</code> option in | |
<a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> for more details.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.auto | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When there are approximately more than this many loose | |
objects in the repository, <code>git gc --auto</code> will pack them. | |
Some Porcelain commands use this command to perform a | |
light-weight garbage collection from time to time. The | |
default value is 6700. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Setting this to 0 disables not only automatic packing based on the | |
number of loose objects, but also any other heuristic <code>git gc --auto</code> will | |
otherwise use to determine if there’s work to do, such as | |
<code>gc.autoPackLimit</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.autoPackLimit | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When there are more than this many packs that are not | |
marked with <code>*.keep</code> file in the repository, <code>git gc | |
--auto</code> consolidates them into one larger pack. The | |
default value is 50. Setting this to 0 disables it. | |
Setting <code>gc.auto</code> to 0 will also disable this. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>See the <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> configuration variable below. When in | |
use, it’ll affect how the auto pack limit works.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.autoDetach | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Make <code>git gc --auto</code> return immediately and run in the background | |
if the system supports it. Default is true. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.bigPackThreshold | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If non-zero, all non-cruft packs larger than this limit are kept | |
when <code>git gc</code> is run. This is very similar to | |
<code>--keep-largest-pack</code> except that all non-cruft packs that meet | |
the threshold are kept, not just the largest pack. Defaults to | |
zero. Common unit suffixes of <em>k</em>, <em>m</em>, or <em>g</em> are supported. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that if the number of kept packs is more than gc.autoPackLimit, | |
this configuration variable is ignored, all packs except the base pack | |
will be repacked. After this the number of packs should go below | |
gc.autoPackLimit and gc.bigPackThreshold should be respected again.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the amount of memory estimated for <code>git repack</code> to run smoothly is | |
not available and <code>gc.bigPackThreshold</code> is not set, the largest pack | |
will also be excluded (this is the equivalent of running <code>git gc</code> with | |
<code>--keep-largest-pack</code>).</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.writeCommitGraph | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If true, then gc will rewrite the commit-graph file when | |
<a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a> is run. When using <code>git gc --auto</code> | |
the commit-graph will be updated if housekeeping is | |
required. Default is true. See <a href="git-commit-graph.html">git-commit-graph(1)</a> | |
for details. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.logExpiry | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If the file gc.log exists, then <code>git gc --auto</code> will print | |
its content and exit with status zero instead of running | |
unless that file is more than <em>gc.logExpiry</em> old. Default is | |
"1.day". See <code>gc.pruneExpire</code> for more ways to specify its | |
value. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.packRefs | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Running <code>git pack-refs</code> in a repository renders it | |
unclonable by Git versions prior to 1.5.1.2 over dumb | |
transports such as HTTP. This variable determines whether | |
<em>git gc</em> runs <code>git pack-refs</code>. This can be set to <code>notbare</code> | |
to enable it within all non-bare repos or it can be set to a | |
boolean value. The default is <code>true</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.cruftPacks | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Store unreachable objects in a cruft pack (see | |
<a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) instead of as loose objects. The default | |
is <code>true</code>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.maxCruftSize | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Limit the size of new cruft packs when repacking. When | |
specified in addition to <code>--max-cruft-size</code>, the command line | |
option takes priority. See the <code>--max-cruft-size</code> option of | |
<a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.pruneExpire | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When <em>git gc</em> is run, it will call <em>prune --expire 2.weeks.ago</em> | |
(and <em>repack --cruft --cruft-expiration 2.weeks.ago</em> if using | |
cruft packs via <code>gc.cruftPacks</code> or <code>--cruft</code>). Override the | |
grace period with this config variable. The value "now" may be | |
used to disable this grace period and always prune unreachable | |
objects immediately, or "never" may be used to suppress pruning. | |
This feature helps prevent corruption when <em>git gc</em> runs | |
concurrently with another process writing to the repository; see | |
the "NOTES" section of <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.worktreePruneExpire | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When <em>git gc</em> is run, it calls | |
<em>git worktree prune --expire 3.months.ago</em>. | |
This config variable can be used to set a different grace | |
period. The value "now" may be used to disable the grace | |
period and prune <code>$GIT_DIR/worktrees</code> immediately, or "never" | |
may be used to suppress pruning. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.reflogExpire | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.<pattern>.reflogExpire | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
<em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than | |
this time; defaults to 90 days. The value "now" expires all | |
entries immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration | |
altogether. With "<pattern>" (e.g. | |
"refs/stash") in the middle the setting applies only to | |
the refs that match the <pattern>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.reflogExpireUnreachable | |
</dt> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.<pattern>.reflogExpireUnreachable | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
<em>git reflog expire</em> removes reflog entries older than | |
this time and are not reachable from the current tip; | |
defaults to 30 days. The value "now" expires all entries | |
immediately, and "never" suppresses expiration altogether. | |
With "<pattern>" (e.g. "refs/stash") | |
in the middle, the setting applies only to the refs that | |
match the <pattern>. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>These types of entries are generally created as a result of using <code>git | |
commit --amend</code> or <code>git rebase</code> and are the commits prior to the amend | |
or rebase occurring. Since these changes are not part of the current | |
project most users will want to expire them sooner, which is why the | |
default is more aggressive than <code>gc.reflogExpire</code>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.recentObjectsHook | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When considering whether or not to remove an object (either when | |
generating a cruft pack or storing unreachable objects as | |
loose), use the shell to execute the specified command(s). | |
Interpret their output as object IDs which Git will consider as | |
"recent", regardless of their age. By treating their mtimes as | |
"now", any objects (and their descendants) mentioned in the | |
output will be kept regardless of their true age. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Output must contain exactly one hex object ID per line, and nothing | |
else. Objects which cannot be found in the repository are ignored. | |
Multiple hooks are supported, but all must exit successfully, else the | |
operation (either generating a cruft pack or unpacking unreachable | |
objects) will be halted.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.repackFilter | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When repacking, use the specified filter to move certain | |
objects into a separate packfile. See the | |
<code>--filter=<filter-spec></code> option of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.repackFilterTo | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When repacking and using a filter, see <code>gc.repackFilter</code>, the | |
specified location will be used to create the packfile | |
containing the filtered out objects. <strong>WARNING:</strong> The | |
specified location should be accessible, using for example the | |
Git alternates mechanism, otherwise the repo could be | |
considered corrupt by Git as it migh not be able to access the | |
objects in that packfile. See the <code>--filter-to=<dir></code> option | |
of <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> and the <code>objects/info/alternates</code> | |
section of <a href="gitrepository-layout.html">gitrepository-layout(5)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.rerereResolved | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Records of conflicted merge you resolved earlier are | |
kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. | |
You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. | |
The default is 60 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
gc.rerereUnresolved | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Records of conflicted merge you have not resolved are | |
kept for this many days when <em>git rerere gc</em> is run. | |
You can also use more human-readable "1.month.ago", etc. | |
The default is 15 days. See <a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_notes">NOTES</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p><em>git gc</em> tries very hard not to delete objects that are referenced | |
anywhere in your repository. In particular, it will keep not only | |
objects referenced by your current set of branches and tags, but also | |
objects referenced by the index, remote-tracking branches, reflogs | |
(which may reference commits in branches that were later amended or | |
rewound), and anything else in the refs/* namespace. Note that a note | |
(of the kind created by <em>git notes</em>) attached to an object does not | |
contribute in keeping the object alive. If you are expecting some | |
objects to be deleted and they aren’t, check all of those locations | |
and decide whether it makes sense in your case to remove those | |
references.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>On the other hand, when <em>git gc</em> runs concurrently with another process, | |
there is a risk of it deleting an object that the other process is using | |
but hasn’t created a reference to. This may just cause the other process | |
to fail or may corrupt the repository if the other process later adds a | |
reference to the deleted object. Git has two features that significantly | |
mitigate this problem:</p></div> | |
<div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic"> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Any object with modification time newer than the <code>--prune</code> date is kept, | |
along with everything reachable from it. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
Most operations that add an object to the database update the | |
modification time of the object if it is already present so that #1 | |
applies. | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ol></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, these features fall short of a complete solution, so users who | |
run commands concurrently have to live with some risk of corruption (which | |
seems to be low in practice).</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_hooks">HOOKS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git gc --auto</em> command will run the <em>pre-auto-gc</em> hook. See | |
<a href="githooks.html">githooks(5)</a> for more information.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-prune.html">git-prune(1)</a> | |
<a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a> | |
<a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> | |
<a href="git-rerere.html">git-rerere(1)</a></p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div class="sect1"> | |
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div> | |
<div id="footer"> | |
<div id="footer-text"> | |
Last updated | |
2023-10-18 13:44:22 PDT | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
</body> | |
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