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<title>git-whatchanged(1)</title>
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<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>
git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
</h1>
<h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-whatchanged -
Show logs with difference each commit introduces
</p>
</div>
</div>
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p><em>git-whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</p>
</div>
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The
command internally invokes <em>git-rev-list</em> piped to
<em>git-diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
these commands.</p>
<p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p>
</div>
<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<dl>
<dt>
-p
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
output format that is useful only to tell the changed
paths and their nature of changes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
-&lt;n&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
&lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
exclusive, top inclusive).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
-r
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
not just the top level.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
-m
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
of its parents.
</p>
<p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
<strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
--pretty[=<em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
<em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.
When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
</p>
<p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
</dd>
<dt>
--abbrev-commit
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
name, show only handful hexdigits prefix. Non default number of
digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
diff output, if it is displayed).
</p>
<p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
people using 80-column terminals.</p>
</dd>
<dt>
--encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
defaults to UTF-8.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h2>PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
file.</p>
<p>Here are some additional details for each format:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>oneline</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>short</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>medium</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;
Date: &lt;date&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>full</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;
Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>fuller</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
Author: &lt;author&gt;
AuthorDate: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;
Commit: &lt;committer&gt;
CommitDate: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>email</em>
</p>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
From: &lt;author&gt;
Date: &lt;date &amp; time&gt;
Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>raw</em>
</p>
<p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are
displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
simplification into account.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>format:</em>
</p>
<p>The <em>format:</em> format allows you to specify which information
you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
instead of <em>\n</em>.</p>
<p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
would show something like this:</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;
</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<p>The placeholders are:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
<em>%H</em>: commit hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%T</em>: tree hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%P</em>: parent hashes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%an</em>: author name
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ae</em>: author email
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ad</em>: author date
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cn</em>: committer name
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ce</em>: committer email
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cd</em>: committer date
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%e</em>: encoding
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%s</em>: subject
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%b</em>: body
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%Creset</em>: reset color
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%n</em>: newline
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>
<em>tformat:</em>
</p>
<p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
For example:</p>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
4da45be
7134973</tt></pre>
</div></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<dl>
<dt>
git-whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
</p>
</dd>
<dt>
git-whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk
</dt>
<dd>
<p>
Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
<em>gitk</em>
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h2>Author</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt; and
Junio C Hamano &lt;junkio@cox.net&gt;</p>
</div>
<h2>Documentation</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
</div>
<h2>GIT</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
</div>
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Last updated 13-Jun-2008 10:02:45 UTC
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