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<title>git-whatchanged(1)</title> | |
</head> | |
<body> | |
<div id="header"> | |
<h1> | |
git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page | |
</h1> | |
<h2>NAME</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>git-whatchanged - | |
Show logs with difference each commit introduces | |
</p> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p><em>git-whatchanged</em> <option>…</p> | |
</div> | |
<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The | |
command internally invokes <em>git-rev-list</em> piped to | |
<em>git-diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of | |
these commands.</p> | |
<p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p> | |
</div> | |
<h2>OPTIONS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<dl> | |
<dt> | |
-p | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff | |
output format that is useful only to tell the changed | |
paths and their nature of changes. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
-<n> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Limit output to <n> commits. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
<since>..<until> | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom | |
exclusive, top inclusive). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
-r | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree, | |
not just the top level. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
-m | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
By default, differences for merge commits are not shown. | |
With this flag, show differences to that commit from all | |
of its parents. | |
</p> | |
<p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it | |
<strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
--pretty[=<em><format></em>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format, | |
where <em><format></em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>, | |
<em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:<string></em>. | |
When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>. | |
</p> | |
<p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository | |
configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
--abbrev-commit | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object | |
name, show only handful hexdigits prefix. Non default number of | |
digits can be specified with "--abbrev=<n>" (which also modifies | |
diff output, if it is displayed). | |
</p> | |
<p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for | |
people using 80-column terminals.</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
--encoding[=<encoding>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message | |
in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the | |
command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding | |
preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this | |
defaults to UTF-8. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl> | |
</div> | |
<h2>PRETTY FORMATS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format | |
is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is | |
inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with | |
"Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed, | |
separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not | |
necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you | |
have limited your view of history: for example, if you are | |
only interested in changes related to a certain directory or | |
file.</p> | |
<p>Here are some additional details for each format:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>oneline</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><sha1> <title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>short</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>commit <sha1> | |
Author: <author></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>medium</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>commit <sha1> | |
Author: <author> | |
Date: <date></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>full</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>commit <sha1> | |
Author: <author> | |
Commit: <committer></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>fuller</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>commit <sha1> | |
Author: <author> | |
AuthorDate: <date & time> | |
Commit: <committer> | |
CommitDate: <date & time></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>email</em> | |
</p> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>From <sha1> <date> | |
From: <author> | |
Date: <date & time> | |
Subject: [PATCH] <title line></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt><full commit message></tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>raw</em> | |
</p> | |
<p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as | |
stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are | |
displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or | |
--no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the | |
true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history | |
simplification into account.</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>format:</em> | |
</p> | |
<p>The <em>format:</em> format allows you to specify which information | |
you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format, | |
with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em> | |
instead of <em>\n</em>.</p> | |
<p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"</em> | |
would show something like this:</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago | |
The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<< | |
</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<p>The placeholders are:</p> | |
<ul> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%H</em>: commit hash | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%T</em>: tree hash | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%P</em>: parent hashes | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%an</em>: author name | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ae</em>: author email | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ad</em>: author date | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ar</em>: author date, relative | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%cn</em>: committer name | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ce</em>: committer email | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%cd</em>: committer date | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%e</em>: encoding | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%s</em>: subject | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%b</em>: body | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%Creset</em>: reset color | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%n</em>: newline | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code | |
</p> | |
</li> | |
</ul> | |
</li> | |
<li> | |
<p> | |
<em>tformat:</em> | |
</p> | |
<p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it | |
provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In | |
other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a | |
newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries. | |
This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly | |
terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does. | |
For example:</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \ | |
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/' | |
4da45be | |
7134973 -- NO NEWLINE | |
$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \ | |
| perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/' | |
4da45be | |
7134973</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</li> | |
</ul> | |
</div> | |
<h2>Examples</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<dl> | |
<dt> | |
git-whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed | |
any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt> | |
git-whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>. | |
The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named | |
<em>gitk</em> | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl> | |
</div> | |
<h2>Author</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and | |
Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net></p> | |
</div> | |
<h2>Documentation</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p> | |
</div> | |
<h2>GIT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> | |
</div> | |
<div id="footer"> | |
<div id="footer-text"> | |
Last updated 13-Jun-2008 10:02:45 UTC | |
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