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<div id="header"> | |
<h1> | |
git-stash(1) Manual Page | |
</h1> | |
<h2>NAME</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<p>git-stash - | |
Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away | |
</p> | |
</div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="verseblock"> | |
<div class="verseblock-content"><em>git stash</em> list [<options>] | |
<em>git stash</em> show [<stash>] | |
<em>git stash</em> drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] | |
<em>git stash</em> ( pop | apply ) [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] | |
<em>git stash</em> branch <branchname> [<stash>] | |
<em>git stash</em> [save [--patch] [-k|--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] [<message>]] | |
<em>git stash</em> clear | |
<em>git stash</em> create</div> | |
<div class="verseblock-attribution"> | |
</div></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Use <tt>git stash</tt> when you want to record the current state of the | |
working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean | |
working directory. The command saves your local modifications away | |
and reverts the working directory to match the <tt>HEAD</tt> commit.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with | |
<tt>git stash list</tt>, inspected with <tt>git stash show</tt>, and restored | |
(potentially on top of a different commit) with <tt>git stash apply</tt>. | |
Calling <tt>git stash</tt> without any arguments is equivalent to <tt>git stash save</tt>. | |
A stash is by default listed as "WIP on <em>branchname</em> …", but | |
you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when | |
you create one.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The latest stash you created is stored in <tt>refs/stash</tt>; older | |
stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using | |
the usual reflog syntax (e.g. <tt>stash@{0}</tt> is the most recently | |
created stash, <tt>stash@{1}</tt> is the one before it, <tt>stash@{2.hours.ago}</tt> | |
is also possible).</p></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
save [--patch] [--[no-]keep-index] [-q|--quiet] [<message>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Save your local modifications to a new <em>stash</em>, and run <tt>git reset | |
--hard</tt> to revert them. The <message> part is optional and gives | |
the description along with the stashed state. For quickly making | |
a snapshot, you can omit <em>both</em> "save" and <message>, but giving | |
only <message> does not trigger this action to prevent a misspelled | |
subcommand from making an unwanted stash. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the <tt>--keep-index</tt> option is used, all changes already added to the | |
index are left intact.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>With <tt>--patch</tt>, you can interactively select hunks from in the diff | |
between HEAD and the working tree to be stashed. The stash entry is | |
constructed such that its index state is the same as the index state | |
of your repository, and its worktree contains only the changes you | |
selected interactively. The selected changes are then rolled back | |
from your worktree.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The <tt>--patch</tt> option implies <tt>--keep-index</tt>. You can use | |
<tt>--no-keep-index</tt> to override this.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
list [<options>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
List the stashes that you currently have. Each <em>stash</em> is listed | |
with its name (e.g. <tt>stash@{0}</tt> is the latest stash, <tt>stash@{1}</tt> is | |
the one before, etc.), the name of the branch that was current when the | |
stash was made, and a short description of the commit the stash was | |
based on. | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>stash@{0}: WIP on submit: 6ebd0e2... Update git-stash documentation | |
stash@{1}: On master: 9cc0589... Add git-stash</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>The command takes options applicable to the <em>git log</em> | |
command to control what is shown and how. See <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
show [<stash>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Show the changes recorded in the stash as a diff between the | |
stashed state and its original parent. When no <tt><stash></tt> is given, | |
shows the latest one. By default, the command shows the diffstat, but | |
it will accept any format known to <em>git diff</em> (e.g., <tt>git stash show | |
-p stash@{1}</tt> to view the second most recent stash in patch form). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
pop [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Remove a single stashed state from the stash list and apply it | |
on top of the current working tree state, i.e., do the inverse | |
operation of <tt>git stash save</tt>. The working directory must | |
match the index. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Applying the state can fail with conflicts; in this case, it is not | |
removed from the stash list. You need to resolve the conflicts by hand | |
and call <tt>git stash drop</tt> manually afterwards.</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>If the <tt>--index</tt> option is used, then tries to reinstate not only the working | |
tree’s changes, but also the index’s ones. However, this can fail, when you | |
have conflicts (which are stored in the index, where you therefore can no | |
longer apply the changes as they were originally).</p></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>When no <tt><stash></tt> is given, <tt>stash@{0}</tt> is assumed, otherwise <tt><stash></tt> must | |
be a reference of the form <tt>stash@{<revision>}</tt>.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
apply [--index] [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Like <tt>pop</tt>, but do not remove the state from the stash list. Unlike <tt>pop</tt>, | |
<tt><stash></tt> may be any commit that looks like a commit created by | |
<tt>stash save</tt> or <tt>stash create</tt>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
branch <branchname> [<stash>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Creates and checks out a new branch named <tt><branchname></tt> starting from | |
the commit at which the <tt><stash></tt> was originally created, applies the | |
changes recorded in <tt><stash></tt> to the new working tree and index. | |
If that succeeds, and <tt><stash></tt> is a reference of the form | |
<tt>stash@{<revision>}</tt>, it then drops the <tt><stash></tt>. When no <tt><stash></tt> | |
is given, applies the latest one. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>This is useful if the branch on which you ran <tt>git stash save</tt> has | |
changed enough that <tt>git stash apply</tt> fails due to conflicts. Since | |
the stash is applied on top of the commit that was HEAD at the time | |
<tt>git stash</tt> was run, it restores the originally stashed state with | |
no conflicts.</p></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
clear | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Remove all the stashed states. Note that those states will then | |
be subject to pruning, and may be impossible to recover (see | |
<em>Examples</em> below for a possible strategy). | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
drop [-q|--quiet] [<stash>] | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Remove a single stashed state from the stash list. When no <tt><stash></tt> | |
is given, it removes the latest one. i.e. <tt>stash@{0}</tt>, otherwise | |
<tt><stash></tt> must a valid stash log reference of the form | |
<tt>stash@{<revision>}</tt>. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
create | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
Create a stash (which is a regular commit object) and return its | |
object name, without storing it anywhere in the ref namespace. | |
</p> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>A stash is represented as a commit whose tree records the state of the | |
working directory, and its first parent is the commit at <tt>HEAD</tt> when | |
the stash was created. The tree of the second parent records the | |
state of the index when the stash is made, and it is made a child of | |
the <tt>HEAD</tt> commit. The ancestry graph looks like this:</p></div> | |
<div class="literalblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt> .----W | |
/ / | |
-----H----I</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>where <tt>H</tt> is the <tt>HEAD</tt> commit, <tt>I</tt> is a commit that records the state | |
of the index, and <tt>W</tt> is a commit that records the state of the working | |
tree.</p></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="dlist"><dl> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
Pulling into a dirty tree | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When you are in the middle of something, you learn that there are | |
upstream changes that are possibly relevant to what you are | |
doing. When your local changes do not conflict with the changes in | |
the upstream, a simple <tt>git pull</tt> will let you move forward. | |
</p> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>However, there are cases in which your local changes do conflict with | |
the upstream changes, and <tt>git pull</tt> refuses to overwrite your | |
changes. In such a case, you can stash your changes away, | |
perform a pull, and then unstash, like this:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>$ git pull | |
... | |
file foobar not up to date, cannot merge. | |
$ git stash | |
$ git pull | |
$ git stash pop</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
Interrupted workflow | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
When you are in the middle of something, your boss comes in and | |
demands that you fix something immediately. Traditionally, you would | |
make a commit to a temporary branch to store your changes away, and | |
return to your original branch to make the emergency fix, like this: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt># ... hack hack hack ... | |
$ git checkout -b my_wip | |
$ git commit -a -m "WIP" | |
$ git checkout master | |
$ edit emergency fix | |
$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry" | |
$ git checkout my_wip | |
$ git reset --soft HEAD^ | |
# ... continue hacking ...</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>You can use <em>git stash</em> to simplify the above, like this:</p></div> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt># ... hack hack hack ... | |
$ git stash | |
$ edit emergency fix | |
$ git commit -a -m "Fix in a hurry" | |
$ git stash pop | |
# ... continue hacking ...</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
Testing partial commits | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
You can use <tt>git stash save --keep-index</tt> when you want to make two or | |
more commits out of the changes in the work tree, and you want to test | |
each change before committing: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt># ... hack hack hack ... | |
$ git add --patch foo # add just first part to the index | |
$ git stash save --keep-index # save all other changes to the stash | |
$ edit/build/test first part | |
$ git commit -m 'First part' # commit fully tested change | |
$ git stash pop # prepare to work on all other changes | |
# ... repeat above five steps until one commit remains ... | |
$ edit/build/test remaining parts | |
$ git commit foo -m 'Remaining parts'</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</dd> | |
<dt class="hdlist1"> | |
Recovering stashes that were cleared/dropped erroneously | |
</dt> | |
<dd> | |
<p> | |
If you mistakenly drop or clear stashes, they cannot be recovered | |
through the normal safety mechanisms. However, you can try the | |
following incantation to get a list of stashes that are still in your | |
repository, but not reachable any more: | |
</p> | |
<div class="listingblock"> | |
<div class="content"> | |
<pre><tt>git fsck --unreachable | | |
grep commit | cut -d\ -f3 | | |
xargs git log --merges --no-walk --grep=WIP</tt></pre> | |
</div></div> | |
</dd> | |
</dl></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>, | |
<a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>, | |
<a href="git-reflog.html">git-reflog(1)</a>, | |
<a href="git-reset.html">git-reset(1)</a></p></div> | |
</div> | |
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> | |
<div class="sectionbody"> | |
<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div> | |
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<div id="footer-text"> | |
Last updated 2011-03-15 23:30:14 UTC | |
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