git-ls-files.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 </style>
 <title>git-ls-files(1)</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <div id="header">
 <h1>
 git-ls-files(1) Manual Page
 </h1>
 <h2>NAME</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>git-ls-files -
  Information about files in the index/working directory
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="verseblock">
 <div class="content"><em>git-ls-files</em> [-z] [-t] [-v]
  (--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])*
  (-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])*
  [-x &lt;pattern&gt;|--exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;]
  [-X &lt;file&gt;|--exclude-from=&lt;file&gt;]
  [--exclude-per-directory=&lt;file&gt;]
  [--error-unmatch]
  [--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] [&lt;file&gt;]*</div></div>
 </div>
 <h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>This merges the file listing in the directory cache index with the
 actual working directory list, and shows different combinations of the
 two.</p>
 <p>One or more of the options below may be used to determine the files
 shown:</p>
 </div>
 <h2>OPTIONS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <dl>
 <dt>
 -c|--cached
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show cached files in the output (default)
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -d|--deleted
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show deleted files in the output
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -m|--modified
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show modified files in the output
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -o|--others
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show other files in the output
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -i|--ignored
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show ignored files in the output
  Note the this also reverses any exclude list present.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -s|--stage
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show stage files in the output
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --directory
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its
  name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --no-empty-directory
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Do not list empty directories. Has no effect without --directory.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -u|--unmerged
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show unmerged files in the output (forces --stage)
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -k|--killed
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show files on the filesystem that need to be removed due
  to file/directory conflicts for checkout-index to
  succeed.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -z
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  \0 line termination on output.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -x|--exclude=&lt;pattern&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Skips files matching pattern.
  Note that pattern is a shell wildcard pattern.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -X|--exclude-from=&lt;file&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  exclude patterns are read from &lt;file&gt;; 1 per line.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --exclude-per-directory=&lt;file&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the
  directory and its subdirectories in &lt;file&gt;.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --error-unmatch
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  If any &lt;file&gt; does not appear in the index, treat this as an
  error (return 1).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -t
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Identify the file status with the following tags (followed by
  a space) at the start of each line:
 </p>
 <div class="hlist"><table>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 H
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 cached
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 M
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 unmerged
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 R
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 removed/deleted
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 C
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 modified/changed
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 K
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 to be killed
 </td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td class="hlist1">
 ?
 </td>
 <td class="hlist2">
 other
 </td>
 </tr>
 </table></div>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 -v
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Similar to <tt>-t</tt>, but use lowercase letters for files
  that are marked as <em>always matching index</em>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --full-name
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
  outputs paths relative to the current directory. This
  option forces paths to be output relative to the project
  top directory.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --abbrev[=&lt;n&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
  lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix.
  Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=&lt;n&gt;.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 --
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt>
 &lt;file&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the other
  specified criteria are shown.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>
 </div>
 <h2>Output</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>show files just outputs the filename unless <em>--stage</em> is specified in
 which case it outputs:</p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt>[&lt;tag&gt; ]&lt;mode&gt; &lt;object&gt; &lt;stage&gt; &lt;file&gt;</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <p>"git-ls-files --unmerged" and "git-ls-files --stage" can be used to examine
 detailed information on unmerged paths.</p>
 <p>For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
 the dircache records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
 1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3. This information can be used by
 the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
 path. (see git-read-tree for more information on state)</p>
 <p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
 in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
 respectively.</p>
 </div>
 <h2>Exclude Patterns</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p><em>git-ls-files</em> can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
 traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
 flags --others or --ignored are specified.</p>
 <p>These exclude patterns come from these places:</p>
 <ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 command line flag --exclude=&lt;pattern&gt; specifies a single
  pattern.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 command line flag --exclude-from=&lt;file&gt; specifies a list of
  patterns stored in a file.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 command line flag --exclude-per-directory=&lt;name&gt; specifies
  a name of the file in each directory <em>git-ls-files</em>
  examines, and if exists, its contents are used as an
  additional list of patterns.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol>
 <p>An exclude pattern file used by (2) and (3) contains one pattern
 per line. A line that starts with a <em>#</em> can be used as comment
 for readability.</p>
 <p>There are three lists of patterns that are in effect at a given
 time. They are built and ordered in the following way:</p>
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 --exclude=&lt;pattern&gt; from the command line; patterns are
  ordered in the same order as they appear on the command line.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 lines read from --exclude-from=&lt;file&gt;; patterns are ordered
  in the same order as they appear in the file.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 When --exclude-per-directory=&lt;name&gt; is specified, upon
  entering a directory that has such a file, its contents are
  appended at the end of the current "list of patterns". They
  are popped off when leaving the directory.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <p>Each pattern in the pattern list specifies "a match pattern" and
 optionally the fate; either a file that matches the pattern is
 considered excluded or included. A filename is matched against
 the patterns in the three lists; the --exclude-from list is
 checked first, then the --exclude-per-directory list, and then
 finally the --exclude list. The last match determines its fate.
 If there is no match in the three lists, the fate is "included".</p>
 <p>A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
 from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the
 top of the directory tree. A pattern read from a file specified
 by --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
 pattern file appears in.</p>
 <p>An exclude pattern is of the following format:</p>
 <ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 an optional prefix <em>!</em> which means that the fate this pattern
  specifies is "include", not the usual "exclude"; the
  remainder of the pattern string is interpreted according to
  the following rules.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 if it does not contain a slash <em>/</em>, it is a shell glob
  pattern and used to match against the filename without
  leading directories.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 otherwise, it is a shell glob pattern, suitable for
  consumption by fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATHNAME flag. I.e. a
  slash in the pattern must match a slash in the pathname.
  "Documentation/*.html" matches "Documentation/git.html" but
  not "ppc/ppc.html". As a natural exception, "/*.c" matches
  "cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul>
 <p>An example:</p>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt> $ cat .git/info/exclude
  # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
  *.[oa]
  $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
  # ignore generated html files,
  *.html
  # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
  !foo.html
  $ git-ls-files --ignored \
  --exclude='Documentation/*.[0-9]' \
  --exclude-from=.git/info/exclude \
  --exclude-per-directory=.gitignore</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <p>Another example:</p>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><tt> $ cat .gitignore
  vmlinux*
  $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
  arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
  $ echo '!/vmlinux*' &gt;arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore</tt></pre>
 </div></div>
 <p>The second .gitignore keeps <tt>arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S</tt> file
 from getting ignored.</p>
 </div>
 <h2>See Also</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p><a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a></p>
 </div>
 <h2>Author</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt;</p>
 </div>
 <h2>Documentation</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p>
 </div>
 <h2>GIT</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
 </div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated 03-Oct-2006 08:41:10 UTC
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>
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	<title>git-ls-files(1)</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	<div id="header">
	<h1>
	git-ls-files(1) Manual Page
	</h1>
	<h2>NAME</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>git-ls-files -
	Information about files in the index/working directory
	</p>
	</div>
	</div>
	<h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<div class="verseblock">
	<div class="content"><em>git-ls-files</em> [-z] [-t] [-v]
	(--[cached\|deleted\|others\|ignored\|stage\|unmerged\|killed\|modified])*
	(-[c\|d\|o\|i\|s\|u\|k\|m])*
	[-x <pattern>\|--exclude=<pattern>]
	[-X <file>\|--exclude-from=<file>]
	[--exclude-per-directory=<file>]
	[--error-unmatch]
	[--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] [<file>]*</div></div>
	</div>
	<h2>DESCRIPTION</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>This merges the file listing in the directory cache index with the
	actual working directory list, and shows different combinations of the
	two.</p>
	<p>One or more of the options below may be used to determine the files
	shown:</p>
	</div>
	<h2>OPTIONS</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<dl>
	<dt>
	-c\|--cached
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show cached files in the output (default)
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-d\|--deleted
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show deleted files in the output
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-m\|--modified
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show modified files in the output
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-o\|--others
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show other files in the output
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-i\|--ignored
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show ignored files in the output
	Note the this also reverses any exclude list present.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-s\|--stage
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show stage files in the output
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--directory
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	If a whole directory is classified as "other", show just its
	name (with a trailing slash) and not its whole contents.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--no-empty-directory
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Do not list empty directories. Has no effect without --directory.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-u\|--unmerged
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show unmerged files in the output (forces --stage)
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-k\|--killed
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Show files on the filesystem that need to be removed due
	to file/directory conflicts for checkout-index to
	succeed.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-z
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	\0 line termination on output.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-x\|--exclude=<pattern>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Skips files matching pattern.
	Note that pattern is a shell wildcard pattern.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-X\|--exclude-from=<file>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	exclude patterns are read from <file>; 1 per line.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--exclude-per-directory=<file>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	read additional exclude patterns that apply only to the
	directory and its subdirectories in <file>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--error-unmatch
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	If any <file> does not appear in the index, treat this as an
	error (return 1).
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-t
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Identify the file status with the following tags (followed by
	a space) at the start of each line:
	</p>
	<div class="hlist"><table>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	H
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	cached
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	M
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	unmerged
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	R
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	removed/deleted
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	C
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	modified/changed
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	K
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	to be killed
	</td>
	</tr>
	<tr>
	<td class="hlist1">
	?
	</td>
	<td class="hlist2">
	other
	</td>
	</tr>
	</table></div>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	-v
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Similar to <tt>-t</tt>, but use lowercase letters for files
	that are marked as <em>always matching index</em>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--full-name
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	When run from a subdirectory, the command usually
	outputs paths relative to the current directory. This
	option forces paths to be output relative to the project
	top directory.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--abbrev[=<n>]
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
	lines, show only handful hexdigits prefix.
	Non default number of digits can be specified with --abbrev=<n>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	--
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt>
	<file>
	</dt>
	<dd>
	<p>
	Files to show. If no files are given all files which match the other
	specified criteria are shown.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>
	</div>
	<h2>Output</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>show files just outputs the filename unless <em>--stage</em> is specified in
	which case it outputs:</p>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt>[<tag> ]<mode> <object> <stage> <file></tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	<p>"git-ls-files --unmerged" and "git-ls-files --stage" can be used to examine
	detailed information on unmerged paths.</p>
	<p>For an unmerged path, instead of recording a single mode/SHA1 pair,
	the dircache records up to three such pairs; one from tree O in stage
	1, A in stage 2, and B in stage 3. This information can be used by
	the user (or the porcelain) to see what should eventually be recorded at the
	path. (see git-read-tree for more information on state)</p>
	<p>When <tt>-z</tt> option is not used, TAB, LF, and backslash characters
	in pathnames are represented as <tt>\t</tt>, <tt>\n</tt>, and <tt>\\</tt>,
	respectively.</p>
	</div>
	<h2>Exclude Patterns</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p><em>git-ls-files</em> can use a list of "exclude patterns" when
	traversing the directory tree and finding files to show when the
	flags --others or --ignored are specified.</p>
	<p>These exclude patterns come from these places:</p>
	<ol>
	<li>
	<p>
	command line flag --exclude=<pattern> specifies a single
	pattern.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	command line flag --exclude-from=<file> specifies a list of
	patterns stored in a file.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	command line flag --exclude-per-directory=<name> specifies
	a name of the file in each directory <em>git-ls-files</em>
	examines, and if exists, its contents are used as an
	additional list of patterns.
	</p>
	</li>
	</ol>
	<p>An exclude pattern file used by (2) and (3) contains one pattern
	per line. A line that starts with a <em>#</em> can be used as comment
	for readability.</p>
	<p>There are three lists of patterns that are in effect at a given
	time. They are built and ordered in the following way:</p>
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	--exclude=<pattern> from the command line; patterns are
	ordered in the same order as they appear on the command line.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	lines read from --exclude-from=<file>; patterns are ordered
	in the same order as they appear in the file.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	When --exclude-per-directory=<name> is specified, upon
	entering a directory that has such a file, its contents are
	appended at the end of the current "list of patterns". They
	are popped off when leaving the directory.
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	<p>Each pattern in the pattern list specifies "a match pattern" and
	optionally the fate; either a file that matches the pattern is
	considered excluded or included. A filename is matched against
	the patterns in the three lists; the --exclude-from list is
	checked first, then the --exclude-per-directory list, and then
	finally the --exclude list. The last match determines its fate.
	If there is no match in the three lists, the fate is "included".</p>
	<p>A pattern specified on the command line with --exclude or read
	from the file specified with --exclude-from is relative to the
	top of the directory tree. A pattern read from a file specified
	by --exclude-per-directory is relative to the directory that the
	pattern file appears in.</p>
	<p>An exclude pattern is of the following format:</p>
	<ul>
	<li>
	<p>
	an optional prefix <em>!</em> which means that the fate this pattern
	specifies is "include", not the usual "exclude"; the
	remainder of the pattern string is interpreted according to
	the following rules.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	if it does not contain a slash <em>/</em>, it is a shell glob
	pattern and used to match against the filename without
	leading directories.
	</p>
	</li>
	<li>
	<p>
	otherwise, it is a shell glob pattern, suitable for
	consumption by fnmatch(3) with FNM_PATHNAME flag. I.e. a
	slash in the pattern must match a slash in the pathname.
	"Documentation/*.html" matches "Documentation/git.html" but
	not "ppc/ppc.html". As a natural exception, "/*.c" matches
	"cat-file.c" but not "mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
	</p>
	</li>
	</ul>
	<p>An example:</p>
	<div class="listingblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt> $ cat .git/info/exclude
	# ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
	*.[oa]
	$ cat Documentation/.gitignore
	# ignore generated html files,
	*.html
	# except foo.html which is maintained by hand
	!foo.html
	$ git-ls-files --ignored \
	--exclude='Documentation/*.[0-9]' \
	--exclude-from=.git/info/exclude \
	--exclude-per-directory=.gitignore</tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	<p>Another example:</p>
	<div class="listingblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><tt> $ cat .gitignore
	vmlinux*
	$ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
	arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
	$ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore</tt></pre>
	</div></div>
	<p>The second .gitignore keeps <tt>arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S</tt> file
	from getting ignored.</p>
	</div>
	<h2>See Also</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p><a href="git-read-tree.html">git-read-tree(1)</a></p>
	</div>
	<h2>Author</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org></p>
	</div>
	<h2>Documentation</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.</p>
	</div>
	<h2>GIT</h2>
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(7)</a> suite</p>
	</div>
	<div id="footer">
	<div id="footer-text">
	Last updated 03-Oct-2006 08:41:10 UTC
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