git-whatchanged.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="manpage">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>
 git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
 </h1>
 <h2>NAME</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>git-whatchanged -
  Show logs with difference each commit introduces
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="verseblock">
 <pre class="content"><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</pre>
 <div class="attribution">
 </div></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces. The
 command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
 <em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
 these commands.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -p
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
  output format that is useful only to tell the changed
  paths and their nature of changes.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -&lt;n&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 &lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
  exclusive, top inclusive).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -r
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
  not just the top level.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -m
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
  With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
  of its parents.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
 <strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --format=&lt;format&gt;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
  where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
  <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>. See
  the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
  format. When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --abbrev-commit
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
  name, show only a partial prefix. Non default number of
  digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
  diff output, if it is displayed).
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
 people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-abbrev-commit
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
  <code>--abbrev-commit</code> and those options which imply it such as
  "--oneline". It also overrides the <em>log.abbrevCommit</em> variable.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --oneline
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
  used together.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
  in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
  command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
  preferred by the user. For non plumbing commands this
  defaults to UTF-8.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
  commit, when showing the commit log message. This is the default
  for <code>git log</code>, <code>git show</code> and <code>git whatchanged</code> commands when
  there is no <code>--pretty</code>, <code>--format</code> nor <code>--oneline</code> option given
  on the command line.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
 <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or corresponding
 environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional <em>&lt;ref&gt;</em> argument, show this notes ref instead of the
 default notes ref(s). The ref is taken to be in <code>refs/notes/</code> if it
 is not qualified.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
 being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 "refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from
 "refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --no-notes
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Do not show notes. This negates the above <code>--notes</code> option, by
  resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown.
  Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
  "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
  from "refs/notes/bar".
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --[no-]standard-notes
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
  options instead.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --show-signature
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Check the validity of a signed commit object by passing the signature
  to <code>gpg --verify</code> and show the output.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
 is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
 inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line. This line begins with
 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
 separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
 necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
 file.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
 additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
 config option to either another format name, or a
 <em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
 built-in formats:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>oneline</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>short</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 Author: &lt;author&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>medium</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 Date: &lt;author date&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;full commit message&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>full</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;full commit message&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>fuller</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
 Commit: &lt;committer&gt;
 CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;full commit message&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>email</em>
 </p>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
 From: &lt;author&gt;
 Date: &lt;author date&gt;
 Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>&lt;full commit message&gt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>raw</em>
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
 stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA1s are
 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
 simplification into account.</p></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
 with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
 instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
 would show something like this:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%H</em>: commit hash
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%T</em>: tree hash
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%P</em>: parent hashes
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%an</em>: author name
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ae</em>: author email
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cn</em>: committer name
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ce</em>: committer email
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cd</em>: committer date
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%e</em>: encoding
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%s</em>: subject
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%b</em>: body
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%N</em>: commit notes
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%GG</em>: raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%G?</em>: show either "G" for Good or "B" for Bad for a signed commit
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%GS</em>: show the name of the signer for a signed commit
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <code>refs/stash@{1}</code>
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <code>stash@{1}</code>
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gn</em>: reflog identity name
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gN</em>: reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%ge</em>: reflog identity email
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gE</em>: reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%Creset</em>: reset color
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option;
  adding <code>auto,</code> at the beginning will emit color only when colors are
  enabled for log output (by <code>color.diff</code>, <code>color.ui</code>, or <code>--color</code>, and
  respecting the <code>auto</code> settings of the former if we are going to a
  terminal)
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%n</em>: newline
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
  <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 <div class="admonitionblock">
 <table><tr>
 <td class="icon">
 <div class="title">Note</div>
 </td>
 <td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 revision traversal engine. For example, the <code>%g*</code> reflog options will
 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
 <code>git log -g</code>). The <code>%d</code> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
 format if <code>--decorate</code> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
 </tr></table>
 </div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>+</code> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <code>-</code> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
 immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
 placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 <li>
 <p>
 <em>tformat:</em>
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
 For example:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 4da45be
 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE

 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
  | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 4da45be
 7134973</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <code>%</code> in it is interpreted
 as if it has <code>tformat:</code> in front of it. For example, these two are
 equivalent:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 </li>
 </ul></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <code>git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi</code>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
  any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <code>git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk</code>
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
  The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
  <em>gitk</em>
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated 2012-05-02 15:00:44 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
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