howto/update-hook-example.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
 git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
 developer, so is hooks/update script. Quoting from the relevant
 section of the documentation:</p></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
 and executable, it is called with three parameters:</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
 master head this is "refs/heads/master". Two sha1 are the
 object names for the refname before and after the update. Note
 that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
 sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
 should match what is recorded in refname.</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
 (i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
 have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
 do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
 like this as your hooks/update script.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>[jc: editorial note. This is a much improved version by Carl
 since I posted the original outline]</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>#!/bin/bash

 umask 002

 # If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
 # you can try setting this to true. It will tell you exactly
 # why a user is being allowed/denied access.

 verbose=false

 # Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
 GLOBIGNORE=*

 function grant {
  $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Grant- $1"
  echo grant
  exit 0
 }

 function deny {
  $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Deny- $1"
  echo deny
  exit 1
 }

 function info {
  $verbose &amp;&amp; echo &gt;&amp;2 "-Info- $1"
 }

 # Implement generic branch and tag policies.
 # - Tags should not be updated once created.
 # - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
 case "$1" in
  refs/tags/*)
  git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &amp;&amp;
  deny &gt;/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
  ;;
  refs/heads/*)
  # No rebasing or rewinding
  if expr "$2" : '0*$' &gt;/dev/null; then
  info "The branch '$1' is new..."
  else
  # updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
  mb=$(git merge-base "$2" "$3")
  case "$mb,$2" in
  "$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
  *) noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
  esac
  fi
  ;;
  *)
  deny &gt;/dev/null \
  "Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags. What are you trying to do?"
  ;;
 esac

 # Implement per-branch controls based on username
 allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
 username=$(id -u -n)
 info "The user is: '$username'"

 if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
 then
  rc=$(cat $allowed_users_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
  while read heads user_patterns
  do
  # does this rule apply to us?
  head_pattern=${heads#+}
  matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
  test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue

  # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
  test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
  test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue

  info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
  for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
  info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
  matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
  if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
  then
  grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
  fi
  done
  deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
  done
  )
  case "$rc" in
  grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
  deny) deny &gt;/dev/null "Denying access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
  *) ;;
  esac
 fi

 allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
 groups=$(id -G -n)
 info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
 info "'$groups'"

 if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
 then
  rc=$(cat $allowed_groups_file | grep -v '^#' | grep -v '^$' |
  while read heads group_patterns
  do
  # does this rule apply to us?
  head_pattern=${heads#+}
  matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
  test "$matchlen" = ${#1} || continue

  # if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
  test -n "$noff" &amp;&amp;
  test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" &amp;&amp; continue

  info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
  for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
  for groupname in $groups; do
  info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
  matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
  if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
  then
  grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
  fi
  done
  done
  deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
  done
  )
  case "$rc" in
  grant) grant &gt;/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
  deny) deny &gt;/dev/null "Denying access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
  *) ;;
  esac
 fi

 deny &gt;/dev/null "There are no more rules to check. Denying access"</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
 allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
 whom. The format of each file would look like this:</p></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>refs/heads/master junio
 +refs/heads/pu junio
 refs/heads/cogito$ pasky
 refs/heads/bw/.* linus
 refs/heads/tmp/.* .*
 refs/tags/v[0-9].* junio</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
 or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
 do master and pu branches and make versioned tags. And anybody
 can do tmp/blah branches. The <em>+</em> sign at the pu record means
 that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
  2019-12-18 15:06:09 PST
 </div>
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	<body class="article">
	<div id="header">
	<h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
	</div>
	<div id="content">
	<div id="preamble">
	<div class="sectionbody">
	<div class="paragraph"><p>When your developer runs git-push into the repository,
	git-receive-pack is run (either locally or over ssh) as that
	developer, so is hooks/update script. Quoting from the relevant
	section of the documentation:</p></div>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><code>Before each ref is updated, if $GIT_DIR/hooks/update file exists
	and executable, it is called with three parameters:</code></pre>
	</div></div>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><code>$GIT_DIR/hooks/update refname sha1-old sha1-new</code></pre>
	</div></div>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><code>The refname parameter is relative to $GIT_DIR; e.g. for the
	master head this is "refs/heads/master". Two sha1 are the
	object names for the refname before and after the update. Note
	that the hook is called before the refname is updated, so either
	sha1-old is 0{40} (meaning there is no such ref yet), or it
	should match what is recorded in refname.</code></pre>
	</div></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>So if your policy is (1) always require fast-forward push
	(i.e. never allow "git-push repo +branch:branch"), (2) you
	have a list of users allowed to update each branch, and (3) you
	do not let tags to be overwritten, then you can use something
	like this as your hooks/update script.</p></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>[jc: editorial note. This is a much improved version by Carl
	since I posted the original outline]</p></div>
	<div class="listingblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><code>#!/bin/bash

	umask 002

	# If you are having trouble with this access control hook script
	# you can try setting this to true. It will tell you exactly
	# why a user is being allowed/denied access.

	verbose=false

	# Default shell globbing messes things up downstream
	GLOBIGNORE=*

	function grant {
	$verbose && echo >&2 "-Grant- $1"
	echo grant
	exit 0
	}

	function deny {
	$verbose && echo >&2 "-Deny- $1"
	echo deny
	exit 1
	}

	function info {
	$verbose && echo >&2 "-Info- $1"
	}

	# Implement generic branch and tag policies.
	# - Tags should not be updated once created.
	# - Branches should only be fast-forwarded unless their pattern starts with '+'
	case "$1" in
	refs/tags/*)
	git rev-parse --verify -q "$1" &&
	deny >/dev/null "You can't overwrite an existing tag"
	;;
	refs/heads/*)
	# No rebasing or rewinding
	if expr "$2" : '0*$' >/dev/null; then
	info "The branch '$1' is new..."
	else
	# updating -- make sure it is a fast-forward
	mb=$(git merge-base "$2" "$3")
	case "$mb,$2" in
	"$2,$mb") info "Update is fast-forward" ;;
	*) noff=y; info "This is not a fast-forward update.";;
	esac
	fi
	;;
	*)
	deny >/dev/null \
	"Branch is not under refs/heads or refs/tags. What are you trying to do?"
	;;
	esac

	# Implement per-branch controls based on username
	allowed_users_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users
	username=$(id -u -n)
	info "The user is: '$username'"

	if test -f "$allowed_users_file"
	then
	rc=$(cat $allowed_users_file \| grep -v '^#' \| grep -v '^$' \|
	while read heads user_patterns
	do
	# does this rule apply to us?
	head_pattern=${heads#+}
	matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
	test "$matchlen" = ${#1} \|\| continue

	# if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
	test -n "$noff" &&
	test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue

	info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
	for user_pattern in $user_patterns; do
	info "Checking user: '$username' against pattern: '$user_pattern'"
	matchlen=$(expr "$username" : "$user_pattern")
	if test "$matchlen" = "${#username}"
	then
	grant "Allowing user: '$username' with pattern: '$user_pattern'"
	fi
	done
	deny "The user is not in the access list for this branch"
	done
	)
	case "$rc" in
	grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
	deny) deny >/dev/null "Denying access based on $allowed_users_file" ;;
	*) ;;
	esac
	fi

	allowed_groups_file=$GIT_DIR/info/allowed-groups
	groups=$(id -G -n)
	info "The user belongs to the following groups:"
	info "'$groups'"

	if test -f "$allowed_groups_file"
	then
	rc=$(cat $allowed_groups_file \| grep -v '^#' \| grep -v '^$' \|
	while read heads group_patterns
	do
	# does this rule apply to us?
	head_pattern=${heads#+}
	matchlen=$(expr "$1" : "${head_pattern#+}")
	test "$matchlen" = ${#1} \|\| continue

	# if non-ff, $heads must be with the '+' prefix
	test -n "$noff" &&
	test "$head_pattern" = "$heads" && continue

	info "Found matching head pattern: '$head_pattern'"
	for group_pattern in $group_patterns; do
	for groupname in $groups; do
	info "Checking group: '$groupname' against pattern: '$group_pattern'"
	matchlen=$(expr "$groupname" : "$group_pattern")
	if test "$matchlen" = "${#groupname}"
	then
	grant "Allowing group: '$groupname' with pattern: '$group_pattern'"
	fi
	done
	done
	deny "None of the user's groups are in the access list for this branch"
	done
	)
	case "$rc" in
	grant) grant >/dev/null "Granting access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
	deny) deny >/dev/null "Denying access based on $allowed_groups_file" ;;
	*) ;;
	esac
	fi

	deny >/dev/null "There are no more rules to check. Denying access"</code></pre>
	</div></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>This uses two files, $GIT_DIR/info/allowed-users and
	allowed-groups, to describe which heads can be pushed into by
	whom. The format of each file would look like this:</p></div>
	<div class="literalblock">
	<div class="content">
	<pre><code>refs/heads/master junio
	+refs/heads/pu junio
	refs/heads/cogito$ pasky
	refs/heads/bw/.* linus
	refs/heads/tmp/.* .*
	refs/tags/v[0-9].* junio</code></pre>
	</div></div>
	<div class="paragraph"><p>With this, Linus can push or create "bw/penguin" or "bw/zebra"
	or "bw/panda" branches, Pasky can do only "cogito", and JC can
	do master and pu branches and make versioned tags. And anybody
	can do tmp/blah branches. The <em>+</em> sign at the pu record means
	that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div>
	</div>
	</div>
	</div>
	<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
	<div id="footer">
	<div id="footer-text">
	Last updated
	2019-12-18 15:06:09 PST
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