git-reset.html - external/gitster/git-htmldocs - Git at Google

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 <body class="manpage">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>
 git-reset(1) Manual Page
 </h1>
 <h2>NAME</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <p>git-reset -
  Reset current HEAD to the specified state
 </p>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="verseblock">
 <pre class="content"><em>git reset</em> [-q] [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] [--] &lt;paths&gt;&#8230;
 <em>git reset</em> (--patch | -p) [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] [--] [&lt;paths&gt;&#8230;]
 <em>git reset</em> [--soft | --mixed | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [&lt;commit&gt;]</pre>
 <div class="attribution">
 </div></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In the first and second form, copy entries from &lt;tree-ish&gt; to the index.
 In the third form, set the current branch head (HEAD) to &lt;commit&gt;, optionally
 modifying index and working tree to match. The &lt;tree-ish&gt;/&lt;commit&gt; defaults
 to HEAD in all forms.</p></div>
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <em>git reset</em> [-q] [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] [--] &lt;paths&gt;&#8230;
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  This form resets the index entries for all &lt;paths&gt; to their
  state at &lt;tree-ish&gt;. (It does not affect the working tree, nor
  the current branch.)
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This means that <code>git reset &lt;paths&gt;</code> is the opposite of <code>git add
 &lt;paths&gt;</code>.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>After running <code>git reset &lt;paths&gt;</code> to update the index entry, you can
 use <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> to check the contents out of the index to
 the working tree.
 Alternatively, using <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a> and specifying a commit, you
 can copy the contents of a path out of a commit to the index and to the
 working tree in one go.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <em>git reset</em> (--patch | -p) [&lt;tree-ish&gt;] [--] [&lt;paths&gt;&#8230;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index
  and &lt;tree-ish&gt; (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied
  in reverse to the index.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>This means that <code>git reset -p</code> is the opposite of <code>git add -p</code>, i.e.
 you can use it to selectively reset hunks. See the &#8220;Interactive Mode&#8221;
 section of <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> to learn how to operate the <code>--patch</code> mode.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 <em>git reset</em> [&lt;mode&gt;] [&lt;commit&gt;]
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  This form resets the current branch head to &lt;commit&gt; and
  possibly updates the index (resetting it to the tree of &lt;commit&gt;) and
  the working tree depending on &lt;mode&gt;. If &lt;mode&gt; is omitted,
  defaults to "--mixed". The &lt;mode&gt; must be one of the following:
 </p>
 <div class="openblock">
 <div class="content">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --soft
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all (but
  resets the head to &lt;commit&gt;, just like all modes do). This leaves
  all your changed files "Changes to be committed", as <em>git status</em>
  would put it.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --mixed
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files
  are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not
  been updated. This is the default action.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --hard
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Resets the index and working tree. Any changes to tracked files in the
  working tree since &lt;commit&gt; are discarded.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --merge
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are
  different between &lt;commit&gt; and HEAD, but keeps those which are
  different between the index and working tree (i.e. which have changes
  which have not been added).
  If a file that is different between &lt;commit&gt; and the index has unstaged
  changes, reset is aborted.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In other words, --merge does something like a <em>git read-tree -u -m &lt;commit&gt;</em>,
 but carries forward unmerged index entries.</p></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --keep
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Resets index entries and updates files in the working tree that are
  different between &lt;commit&gt; and HEAD.
  If a file that is different between &lt;commit&gt; and HEAD has local changes,
  reset is aborted.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div></div>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch,
 <a href="git-revert.html">git-revert(1)</a> is your friend.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 -q
 </dt>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 --quiet
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
  Be quiet, only report errors.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo add
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ edit <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git add frotz.c filfre.c
 $ mailx <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git reset <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
 $ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <b>&lt;4&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 You are happily working on something, and find the changes
 in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them
 when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files
 and changes with these files are distracting.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does
 not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going
 to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the
 index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree
 remain there.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c
 changes still in the working tree.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo a commit and redo
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git commit ...
 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ edit <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <b>&lt;3&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 This is most often done when you remembered what you
 just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit
 message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset".
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Make corrections to working tree files.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the
 commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to
 edit the message further, you can give -C option instead.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also the --amend option to <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>.</p></div>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo a commit, making it a topic branch
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git branch topic/wip <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git checkout topic/wip <b>&lt;3&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 You have made some commits, but realize they were premature
 to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing
 them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the
 current HEAD.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo commits permanently
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git commit ...
 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <b>&lt;1&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad
 and you do not want to ever see them again. Do <strong>not</strong> do this if
 you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the
 "RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> for
 the implications of doing so.)
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo a merge or pull
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git pull <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 Auto-merging nitfol
 CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol
 Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
 $ git reset --hard <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git pull . topic/branch <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
 Updating from 41223... to 13134...
 Fast-forward
 $ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <b>&lt;4&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of
 conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging
 right now, so you decide to do that later.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard"
 which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess
 from the index file and the working tree.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted
 in a fast-forward.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public
 consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original
 tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it
 brings your index file and the working tree back to that state,
 and resets the tip of the branch to that commit.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty working tree
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git pull <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 Auto-merging nitfol
 Merge made by recursive.
  nitfol | 20 +++++----
  ...
 $ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <b>&lt;2&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 Even if you may have local modifications in your
 working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know
 that the change in the other branch does not overlap with
 them.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find
 that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running
 "git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you
 were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not
 want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Interrupted workflow
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you
 are in the middle of a large change. The files in your
 working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you
 need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix.</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and
 $ work work work ;# got interrupted
 $ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git checkout master
 $ fix fix fix
 $ git commit ;# commit with real log
 $ git checkout feature
 $ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git reset <b>&lt;3&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 This removes the <em>WIP</em> commit from the commit history, and sets
  your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you
  committed as <em>snapshot WIP</em>. This updates the index to show your
  WIP files as uncommitted.
 </p>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also <a href="git-stash.html">git-stash(1)</a>.</p></div>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Reset a single file in the index
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not
 want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index
 while keeping your changes with git reset.</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git reset -- frotz.c <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git add frotz.c <b>&lt;3&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working
  directory.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 This commits all other changes in the index.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 Adds the file to the index again.
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
 Keep changes in working tree while discarding some previous commits
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Suppose you are working on something and you commit it, and then you
 continue working a bit more, but now you think that what you have in
 your working tree should be in another branch that has nothing to do
 with what you committed previously. You can start a new branch and
 reset it while keeping the changes in your working tree.</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>$ git tag start
 $ git checkout -b branch1
 $ edit
 $ git commit ... <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 $ edit
 $ git checkout -b branch2 <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 $ git reset --keep start <b>&lt;3&gt;</b></code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
 <li>
 <p>
 This commits your first edits in branch1.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 In the ideal world, you could have realized that the earlier
  commit did not belong to the new topic when you created and switched
  to branch2 (i.e. "git checkout -b branch2 start"), but nobody is
  perfect.
 </p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
 But you can use "reset --keep" to remove the unwanted commit after
  you switched to "branch2".
 </p>
 </li>
 </ol></div>
 </dd>
 </dl></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_discussion">DISCUSSION</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The tables below show what happens when running:</p></div>
 <div class="listingblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>git reset --option target</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>to reset the HEAD to another commit (<code>target</code>) with the different
 reset options depending on the state of the files.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>In these tables, A, B, C and D are some different states of a
 file. For example, the first line of the first table means that if a
 file is in state A in the working tree, in state B in the index, in
 state C in HEAD and in state D in the target, then "git reset --soft
 target" will leave the file in the working tree in state A and in the
 index in state B. It resets (i.e. moves) the HEAD (i.e. the tip of
 the current branch, if you are on one) to "target" (which has the file
 in state D).</p></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  A B C D --soft A B D
  --mixed A D D
  --hard D D D
  --merge (disallowed)
  --keep (disallowed)</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  A B C C --soft A B C
  --mixed A C C
  --hard C C C
  --merge (disallowed)
  --keep A C C</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  B B C D --soft B B D
  --mixed B D D
  --hard D D D
  --merge D D D
  --keep (disallowed)</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  B B C C --soft B B C
  --mixed B C C
  --hard C C C
  --merge C C C
  --keep B C C</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  B C C D --soft B C D
  --mixed B D D
  --hard D D D
  --merge (disallowed)
  --keep (disallowed)</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  B C C C --soft B C C
  --mixed B C C
  --hard C C C
  --merge B C C
  --keep B C C</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>"reset --merge" is meant to be used when resetting out of a conflicted
 merge. Any mergy operation guarantees that the working tree file that is
 involved in the merge does not have local change wrt the index before
 it starts, and that it writes the result out to the working tree. So if
 we see some difference between the index and the target and also
 between the index and the working tree, then it means that we are not
 resetting out from a state that a mergy operation left after failing
 with a conflict. That is why we disallow --merge option in this case.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>"reset --keep" is meant to be used when removing some of the last
 commits in the current branch while keeping changes in the working
 tree. If there could be conflicts between the changes in the commit we
 want to remove and the changes in the working tree we want to keep,
 the reset is disallowed. That&#8217;s why it is disallowed if there are both
 changes between the working tree and HEAD, and between HEAD and the
 target. To be safe, it is also disallowed when there are unmerged
 entries.</p></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>The following tables show what happens when there are unmerged
 entries:</p></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  X U A B --soft (disallowed)
  --mixed X B B
  --hard B B B
  --merge B B B
  --keep (disallowed)</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="literalblock">
 <div class="content">
 <pre><code>working index HEAD target working index HEAD
 ----------------------------------------------------
  X U A A --soft (disallowed)
  --mixed X A A
  --hard A A A
  --merge A A A
  --keep (disallowed)</code></pre>
 </div></div>
 <div class="paragraph"><p>X means any state and U means an unmerged index.</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="sect1">
 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 <div class="sectionbody">
 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 </div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated 2013-08-20 08:40:27 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
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