include/bitset

// -*- C++ -*-
//===---------------------------- bitset ----------------------------------===//
//
// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef _LIBCPP_BITSET
#define _LIBCPP_BITSET

/*
 bitset synopsis

namespace std
{

namespace std {

template <size_t N>
class bitset
{
public:
 // bit reference:
 class reference
 {
 friend class bitset;
 reference() noexcept;
 public:
 ~reference() noexcept;
 reference& operator=(bool x) noexcept; // for b[i] = x;
 reference& operator=(const reference&) noexcept; // for b[i] = b[j];
 bool operator~() const noexcept; // flips the bit
 operator bool() const noexcept; // for x = b[i];
 reference& flip() noexcept; // for b[i].flip();
 };

 // 23.3.5.1 constructors:
 constexpr bitset() noexcept;
 constexpr bitset(unsigned long long val) noexcept;
 template <class charT>
 explicit bitset(const charT* str,
 typename basic_string<charT>::size_type n = basic_string<charT>::npos,
 charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1'));
 template<class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
 explicit bitset(const basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>& str,
 typename basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>::size_type pos = 0,
 typename basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>::size_type n =
 basic_string<charT,traits,Allocator>::npos,
 charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1'));

 // 23.3.5.2 bitset operations:
 bitset& operator&=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
 bitset& operator|=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
 bitset& operator^=(const bitset& rhs) noexcept;
 bitset& operator<<=(size_t pos) noexcept;
 bitset& operator>>=(size_t pos) noexcept;
 bitset& set() noexcept;
 bitset& set(size_t pos, bool val = true);
 bitset& reset() noexcept;
 bitset& reset(size_t pos);
 bitset operator~() const noexcept;
 bitset& flip() noexcept;
 bitset& flip(size_t pos);

 // element access:
 constexpr bool operator[](size_t pos) const; // for b[i];
 reference operator[](size_t pos); // for b[i];
 unsigned long to_ulong() const;
 unsigned long long to_ullong() const;
 template <class charT, class traits, class Allocator>
 basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> to_string(charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1')) const;
 template <class charT, class traits>
 basic_string<charT, traits, allocator<charT> > to_string(charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1')) const;
 template <class charT>
 basic_string<charT, char_traits<charT>, allocator<charT> > to_string(charT zero = charT('0'), charT one = charT('1')) const;
 basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > to_string(char zero = '0', char one = '1') const;
 size_t count() const noexcept;
 constexpr size_t size() const noexcept;
 bool operator==(const bitset& rhs) const noexcept;
 bool operator!=(const bitset& rhs) const noexcept;
 bool test(size_t pos) const;
 bool all() const noexcept;
 bool any() const noexcept;
 bool none() const noexcept;
 bitset operator<<(size_t pos) const noexcept;
 bitset operator>>(size_t pos) const noexcept;
};

// 23.3.5.3 bitset operators:
template <size_t N>
bitset<N> operator&(const bitset<N>&, const bitset<N>&) noexcept;

template <size_t N>
bitset<N> operator|(const bitset<N>&, const bitset<N>&) noexcept;

template <size_t N>
bitset<N> operator^(const bitset<N>&, const bitset<N>&) noexcept;

template <class charT, class traits, size_t N>
basic_istream<charT, traits>&
operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, bitset<N>& x);

template <class charT, class traits, size_t N>
basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const bitset<N>& x);

template <size_t N> struct hash<std::bitset<N>>;

} // std

*/

#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
#pragma GCC system_header
#endif

#include <__config>
#include <__bit_reference>
#include <cstddef>
#include <climits>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <__functional_base>

#include <__undef_min_max>

_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
class __bitset;

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
struct __has_storage_type<__bitset<_N_words, _Size> >
{
 static const bool value = true;
};

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
class __bitset
{
public:
 typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
 typedef size_t size_type;
 typedef size_type __storage_type;
protected:
 typedef __bitset __self;
 typedef __storage_type* __storage_pointer;
 typedef const __storage_type* __const_storage_pointer;
 static const unsigned __bits_per_word = static_cast<unsigned>(sizeof(__storage_type) * CHAR_BIT);

 friend class __bit_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_const_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, false>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, true>;
 friend struct __bit_array<__bitset>;

 __storage_type __first_[_N_words];

 typedef __bit_reference<__bitset> reference;
 typedef __bit_const_reference<__bitset> const_reference;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, false> iterator;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, true> const_iterator;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset() _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 explicit _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset(unsigned long long __v) _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY reference __make_ref(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
 {return reference(__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __storage_type(1) << __pos % __bits_per_word);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const_reference __make_ref(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_reference(__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __storage_type(1) << __pos % __bits_per_word);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY iterator __make_iter(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
 {return iterator(__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __pos % __bits_per_word);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY const_iterator __make_iter(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_iterator(__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __pos % __bits_per_word);}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator&=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator|=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator^=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;

 void flip() _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY unsigned long to_ulong() const
 {return to_ulong(integral_constant<bool, _Size < sizeof(unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT>());}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY unsigned long long to_ullong() const
 {return to_ullong(integral_constant<bool, _Size < sizeof(unsigned long long) * CHAR_BIT>());}

 bool all() const _NOEXCEPT;
 bool any() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 size_t __hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT;
private:
#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 void __init(unsigned long long __v, false_type) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void __init(unsigned long long __v, true_type) _NOEXCEPT;
#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 unsigned long to_ulong(false_type) const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long to_ulong(true_type) const;
 unsigned long long to_ullong(false_type) const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long long to_ullong(true_type) const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long long to_ullong(true_type, false_type) const;
 unsigned long long to_ullong(true_type, true_type) const;
};

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::__bitset() _NOEXCEPT
#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 : __first_{0}
#endif
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 _VSTD::fill_n(__first_, _N_words, __storage_type(0));
#endif
}

#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::__init(unsigned long long __v, false_type) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __storage_type __t[sizeof(unsigned long long) / sizeof(__storage_type)];
 for (size_t __i = 0; __i < sizeof(__t)/sizeof(__t[0]); ++__i, __v >>= __bits_per_word)
 __t[__i] = static_cast<__storage_type>(__v);
 _VSTD::copy(__t, __t + sizeof(__t)/sizeof(__t[0]), __first_);
 _VSTD::fill(__first_ + sizeof(__t)/sizeof(__t[0]), __first_ + sizeof(__first_)/sizeof(__first_[0]),
 __storage_type(0));
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::__init(unsigned long long __v, true_type) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __first_[0] = __v;
 _VSTD::fill(__first_ + 1, __first_ + sizeof(__first_)/sizeof(__first_[0]), __storage_type(0));
}

#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::__bitset(unsigned long long __v) _NOEXCEPT
#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
#if __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ == 8
 : __first_{__v}
#elif __SIZEOF_SIZE_T__ == 4
 : __first_{static_cast<__storage_type>(__v), static_cast<__storage_type>(__v >> __bits_per_word)}
#else
#error This constructor has not been ported to this platform
#endif
#endif
{
#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONSTEXPR
 __init(__v, integral_constant<bool, sizeof(unsigned long long) == sizeof(__storage_type)>());
#endif
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::operator&=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 for (size_type __i = 0; __i < _N_words; ++__i)
 __first_[__i] &= __v.__first_[__i];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::operator|=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 for (size_type __i = 0; __i < _N_words; ++__i)
 __first_[__i] |= __v.__first_[__i];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::operator^=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 for (size_type __i = 0; __i < _N_words; ++__i)
 __first_[__i] ^= __v.__first_[__i];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
void
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::flip() _NOEXCEPT
{
 // do middle whole words
 size_type __n = _Size;
 __storage_pointer __p = __first_;
 for (; __n >= __bits_per_word; ++__p, __n -= __bits_per_word)
 *__p = ~*__p;
 // do last partial word
 if (__n > 0)
 {
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - __n);
 __storage_type __b = *__p & __m;
 *__p &= ~__m;
 *__p |= ~__b & __m;
 }
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
unsigned long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ulong(false_type) const
{
 const_iterator __e = __make_iter(_Size);
 const_iterator __i = _VSTD::find(__make_iter(sizeof(unsigned long) * CHAR_BIT), __e, true);
 if (__i != __e)
 __throw_overflow_error("bitset to_ulong overflow error");

 return __first_[0];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ulong(true_type) const
{
 return __first_[0];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
unsigned long long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ullong(false_type) const
{
 const_iterator __e = __make_iter(_Size);
 const_iterator __i = _VSTD::find(__make_iter(sizeof(unsigned long long) * CHAR_BIT), __e, true);
 if (__i != __e)
 __throw_overflow_error("bitset to_ullong overflow error");

 return to_ullong(true_type());
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ullong(true_type) const
{
 return to_ullong(true_type(), integral_constant<bool, sizeof(__storage_type) < sizeof(unsigned long long)>());
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ullong(true_type, false_type) const
{
 return __first_[0];
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
unsigned long long
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::to_ullong(true_type, true_type) const
{
 unsigned long long __r = __first_[0];
 for (std::size_t __i = 1; __i < sizeof(unsigned long long) / sizeof(__storage_type); ++__i)
 __r |= static_cast<unsigned long long>(__first_[__i]) << (sizeof(__storage_type) * CHAR_BIT);
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
bool
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::all() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 // do middle whole words
 size_type __n = _Size;
 __const_storage_pointer __p = __first_;
 for (; __n >= __bits_per_word; ++__p, __n -= __bits_per_word)
 if (~*__p)
 return false;
 // do last partial word
 if (__n > 0)
 {
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - __n);
 if (~*__p & __m)
 return false;
 }
 return true;
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
bool
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::any() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 // do middle whole words
 size_type __n = _Size;
 __const_storage_pointer __p = __first_;
 for (; __n >= __bits_per_word; ++__p, __n -= __bits_per_word)
 if (*__p)
 return true;
 // do last partial word
 if (__n > 0)
 {
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - __n);
 if (*__p & __m)
 return true;
 }
 return false;
}

template <size_t _N_words, size_t _Size>
inline
size_t
__bitset<_N_words, _Size>::__hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 size_t __h = 0;
 for (size_type __i = 0; __i < _N_words; ++__i)
 __h ^= __first_[__i];
 return __h;
}

template <size_t _Size>
class __bitset<1, _Size>
{
public:
 typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
 typedef size_t size_type;
 typedef size_type __storage_type;
protected:
 typedef __bitset __self;
 typedef __storage_type* __storage_pointer;
 typedef const __storage_type* __const_storage_pointer;
 static const unsigned __bits_per_word = static_cast<unsigned>(sizeof(__storage_type) * CHAR_BIT);

 friend class __bit_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_const_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, false>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, true>;
 friend struct __bit_array<__bitset>;

 __storage_type __first_;

 typedef __bit_reference<__bitset> reference;
 typedef __bit_const_reference<__bitset> const_reference;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, false> iterator;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, true> const_iterator;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset() _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 explicit _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset(unsigned long long __v) _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY reference __make_ref(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
 {return reference(&__first_, __storage_type(1) << __pos);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const_reference __make_ref(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_reference(&__first_, __storage_type(1) << __pos);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY iterator __make_iter(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
 {return iterator(&__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __pos % __bits_per_word);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY const_iterator __make_iter(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_iterator(&__first_ + __pos / __bits_per_word, __pos % __bits_per_word);}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator&=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator|=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void operator^=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 void flip() _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long to_ulong() const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long long to_ullong() const;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool all() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool any() const _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 size_t __hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT;
};

template <size_t _Size>
inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<1, _Size>::__bitset() _NOEXCEPT
 : __first_(0)
{
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<1, _Size>::__bitset(unsigned long long __v) _NOEXCEPT
 : __first_(static_cast<__storage_type>(__v))
{
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<1, _Size>::operator&=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __first_ &= __v.__first_;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<1, _Size>::operator|=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __first_ |= __v.__first_;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<1, _Size>::operator^=(const __bitset& __v) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __first_ ^= __v.__first_;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
void
__bitset<1, _Size>::flip() _NOEXCEPT
{
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - _Size);
 __first_ = ~__first_;
 __first_ &= __m;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long
__bitset<1, _Size>::to_ulong() const
{
 return __first_;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long long
__bitset<1, _Size>::to_ullong() const
{
 return __first_;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
__bitset<1, _Size>::all() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - _Size);
 return !(~__first_ & __m);
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
__bitset<1, _Size>::any() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 __storage_type __m = ~__storage_type(0) >> (__bits_per_word - _Size);
 return __first_ & __m;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
size_t
__bitset<1, _Size>::__hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return __first_;
}

template <>
class __bitset<0, 0>
{
public:
 typedef ptrdiff_t difference_type;
 typedef size_t size_type;
 typedef size_type __storage_type;
protected:
 typedef __bitset __self;
 typedef __storage_type* __storage_pointer;
 typedef const __storage_type* __const_storage_pointer;
 static const unsigned __bits_per_word = static_cast<unsigned>(sizeof(__storage_type) * CHAR_BIT);

 friend class __bit_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_const_reference<__bitset>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, false>;
 friend class __bit_iterator<__bitset, true>;
 friend struct __bit_array<__bitset>;

 typedef __bit_reference<__bitset> reference;
 typedef __bit_const_reference<__bitset> const_reference;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, false> iterator;
 typedef __bit_iterator<__bitset, true> const_iterator;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset() _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 explicit _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR __bitset(unsigned long long) _NOEXCEPT;

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY reference __make_ref(size_t) _NOEXCEPT
 {return reference(0, 1);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const_reference __make_ref(size_t) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_reference(0, 1);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY iterator __make_iter(size_t) _NOEXCEPT
 {return iterator(0, 0);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY const_iterator __make_iter(size_t) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return const_iterator(0, 0);}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void operator&=(const __bitset&) _NOEXCEPT {}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void operator|=(const __bitset&) _NOEXCEPT {}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void operator^=(const __bitset&) _NOEXCEPT {}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void flip() _NOEXCEPT {}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY unsigned long to_ulong() const {return 0;}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY unsigned long long to_ullong() const {return 0;}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool all() const _NOEXCEPT {return true;}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool any() const _NOEXCEPT {return false;}

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY size_t __hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT {return 0;}
};

inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<0, 0>::__bitset() _NOEXCEPT
{
}

inline
_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
__bitset<0, 0>::__bitset(unsigned long long) _NOEXCEPT
{
}

template <size_t _Size> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS bitset;
template <size_t _Size> struct hash<bitset<_Size> >;

template <size_t _Size>
class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS bitset
 : private __bitset<_Size == 0 ? 0 : (_Size - 1) / (sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT) + 1, _Size>
{
public:
 static const unsigned __n_words = _Size == 0 ? 0 : (_Size - 1) / (sizeof(size_t) * CHAR_BIT) + 1;
 typedef __bitset<__n_words, _Size> base;

public:
 typedef typename base::reference reference;
 typedef typename base::const_reference const_reference;

 // 23.3.5.1 constructors:
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR bitset() _NOEXCEPT {}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
 bitset(unsigned long long __v) _NOEXCEPT : base(__v) {}
 template<class _CharT>
 explicit bitset(const _CharT* __str,
 typename basic_string<_CharT>::size_type __n = basic_string<_CharT>::npos,
 _CharT __zero = _CharT('0'), _CharT __one = _CharT('1'));
 template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
 explicit bitset(const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>& __str,
 typename basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>::size_type __pos = 0,
 typename basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>::size_type __n =
 (basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>::npos),
 _CharT __zero = _CharT('0'), _CharT __one = _CharT('1'));

 // 23.3.5.2 bitset operations:
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& operator&=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& operator|=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& operator^=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT;
 bitset& operator<<=(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT;
 bitset& operator>>=(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& set() _NOEXCEPT;
 bitset& set(size_t __pos, bool __val = true);
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& reset() _NOEXCEPT;
 bitset& reset(size_t __pos);
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset operator~() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset& flip() _NOEXCEPT;
 bitset& flip(size_t __pos);

 // element access:
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
 const_reference operator[](size_t __p) const {return base::__make_ref(__p);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY reference operator[](size_t __p) {return base::__make_ref(__p);}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long to_ulong() const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 unsigned long long to_ullong() const;
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator> to_string(_CharT __zero = _CharT('0'),
 _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const;
 template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, allocator<_CharT> > to_string(_CharT __zero = _CharT('0'),
 _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const;
 template <class _CharT>
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_string<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT>, allocator<_CharT> > to_string(_CharT __zero = _CharT('0'),
 _CharT __one = _CharT('1')) const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > to_string(char __zero = '0',
 char __one = '1') const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 size_t count() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR size_t size() const _NOEXCEPT {return _Size;}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool operator==(const bitset& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool operator!=(const bitset& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT;
 bool test(size_t __pos) const;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool all() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bool any() const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool none() const _NOEXCEPT {return !any();}
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset operator<<(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT;
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 bitset operator>>(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT;

private:

 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 size_t __hash_code() const _NOEXCEPT {return base::__hash_code();}

 friend struct hash<bitset>;
};

template <size_t _Size>
template<class _CharT>
bitset<_Size>::bitset(const _CharT* __str,
 typename basic_string<_CharT>::size_type __n,
 _CharT __zero, _CharT __one)
{
 size_t __rlen = _VSTD::min(__n, char_traits<_CharT>::length(__str));
 for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __rlen; ++__i)
 if (__str[__i] != __zero && __str[__i] != __one)
 __throw_invalid_argument("bitset string ctor has invalid argument");

 size_t _Mp = _VSTD::min(__rlen, _Size);
 size_t __i = 0;
 for (; __i < _Mp; ++__i)
 {
 _CharT __c = __str[_Mp - 1 - __i];
 if (__c == __zero)
 (*this)[__i] = false;
 else
 (*this)[__i] = true;
 }
 _VSTD::fill(base::__make_iter(__i), base::__make_iter(_Size), false);
}

template <size_t _Size>
template<class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
bitset<_Size>::bitset(const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>& __str,
 typename basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>::size_type __pos,
 typename basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Allocator>::size_type __n,
 _CharT __zero, _CharT __one)
{
 if (__pos > __str.size())
 __throw_out_of_range("bitset string pos out of range");

 size_t __rlen = _VSTD::min(__n, __str.size() - __pos);
 for (size_t __i = __pos; __i < __pos + __rlen; ++__i)
 if (!_Traits::eq(__str[__i], __zero) && !_Traits::eq(__str[__i], __one))
 __throw_invalid_argument("bitset string ctor has invalid argument");

 size_t _Mp = _VSTD::min(__rlen, _Size);
 size_t __i = 0;
 for (; __i < _Mp; ++__i)
 {
 _CharT __c = __str[__pos + _Mp - 1 - __i];
 if (_Traits::eq(__c, __zero))
 (*this)[__i] = false;
 else
 (*this)[__i] = true;
 }
 _VSTD::fill(base::__make_iter(__i), base::__make_iter(_Size), false);
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::operator&=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
{
 base::operator&=(__rhs);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::operator|=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
{
 base::operator|=(__rhs);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::operator^=(const bitset& __rhs) _NOEXCEPT
{
 base::operator^=(__rhs);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::operator<<=(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __pos = _VSTD::min(__pos, _Size);
 _VSTD::copy_backward(base::__make_iter(0), base::__make_iter(_Size - __pos), base::__make_iter(_Size));
 _VSTD::fill_n(base::__make_iter(0), __pos, false);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::operator>>=(size_t __pos) _NOEXCEPT
{
 __pos = _VSTD::min(__pos, _Size);
 _VSTD::copy(base::__make_iter(__pos), base::__make_iter(_Size), base::__make_iter(0));
 _VSTD::fill_n(base::__make_iter(_Size - __pos), __pos, false);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::set() _NOEXCEPT
{
 _VSTD::fill_n(base::__make_iter(0), _Size, true);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::set(size_t __pos, bool __val)
{
 if (__pos >= _Size)
 __throw_out_of_range("bitset set argument out of range");

 (*this)[__pos] = __val;
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::reset() _NOEXCEPT
{
 _VSTD::fill_n(base::__make_iter(0), _Size, false);
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::reset(size_t __pos)
{
 if (__pos >= _Size)
 __throw_out_of_range("bitset reset argument out of range");

 (*this)[__pos] = false;
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>
bitset<_Size>::operator~() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset __x(*this);
 __x.flip();
 return __x;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::flip() _NOEXCEPT
{
 base::flip();
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
bitset<_Size>&
bitset<_Size>::flip(size_t __pos)
{
 if (__pos >= _Size)
 __throw_out_of_range("bitset flip argument out of range");

 reference r = base::__make_ref(__pos);
 r = ~r;
 return *this;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long
bitset<_Size>::to_ulong() const
{
 return base::to_ulong();
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
unsigned long long
bitset<_Size>::to_ullong() const
{
 return base::to_ullong();
}

template <size_t _Size>
template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>
bitset<_Size>::to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one) const
{
 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator> __r(_Size, __zero);
 for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Size; ++__i)
 {
 if ((*this)[__i])
 __r[_Size - 1 - __i] = __one;
 }
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
inline
basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, allocator<_CharT> >
bitset<_Size>::to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one) const
{
 return to_string<_CharT, _Traits, allocator<_CharT> >(__zero, __one);
}

template <size_t _Size>
template <class _CharT>
inline
basic_string<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT>, allocator<_CharT> >
bitset<_Size>::to_string(_CharT __zero, _CharT __one) const
{
 return to_string<_CharT, char_traits<_CharT>, allocator<_CharT> >(__zero, __one);
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >
bitset<_Size>::to_string(char __zero, char __one) const
{
 return to_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> >(__zero, __one);
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
size_t
bitset<_Size>::count() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return static_cast<size_t>(_VSTD::count(base::__make_iter(0), base::__make_iter(_Size), true));
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
bitset<_Size>::operator==(const bitset& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return _VSTD::equal(base::__make_iter(0), base::__make_iter(_Size), __rhs.__make_iter(0));
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
bitset<_Size>::operator!=(const bitset& __rhs) const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return !(*this == __rhs);
}

template <size_t _Size>
bool
bitset<_Size>::test(size_t __pos) const
{
 if (__pos >= _Size)
 __throw_out_of_range("bitset test argument out of range");

 return (*this)[__pos];
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
bitset<_Size>::all() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return base::all();
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bool
bitset<_Size>::any() const _NOEXCEPT
{
 return base::any();
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>
bitset<_Size>::operator<<(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset __r = *this;
 __r <<= __pos;
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline
bitset<_Size>
bitset<_Size>::operator>>(size_t __pos) const _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset __r = *this;
 __r >>= __pos;
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
bitset<_Size>
operator&(const bitset<_Size>& __x, const bitset<_Size>& __y) _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset<_Size> __r = __x;
 __r &= __y;
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
bitset<_Size>
operator|(const bitset<_Size>& __x, const bitset<_Size>& __y) _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset<_Size> __r = __x;
 __r |= __y;
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
bitset<_Size>
operator^(const bitset<_Size>& __x, const bitset<_Size>& __y) _NOEXCEPT
{
 bitset<_Size> __r = __x;
 __r ^= __y;
 return __r;
}

template <size_t _Size>
struct _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS hash<bitset<_Size> >
 : public unary_function<bitset<_Size>, size_t>
{
 _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
 size_t operator()(const bitset<_Size>& __bs) const _NOEXCEPT
 {return __bs.__hash_code();}
};

template <class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Size>
basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, bitset<_Size>& __x);

template <class _CharT, class _Traits, size_t _Size>
basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const bitset<_Size>& __x);

_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD

#endif // _LIBCPP_BITSET