List of my frequent Lin ux terminl commands (updating every two days)
 
Its like a bible lmao)
 I think in near future I write a small book for Linux like "A bit about Linux in many ways !"
Click 🔙 to get back.
| Command | Description | 
|---|
!$    last argument (напр mkdir ss/sdf)
 !!    previous comand
 Super+Space change language keyboard
 ls show files and folders
   ls -l -a    -l beauty -a all files
   ls -F    -F show folders and files with "/"
 touch    create file
 cd    previous path
 cat    output file
 vim    change file
 htop    about system
 ps    what running
mkdir (-p)    create dir, p-if that dir isnt found, create !
 rmdir    remove dir
 rm -R    remove not empty dir
mv    rename or move
 wc    word count
   wc file.txt -l/w    show lines or words in file 
   grep "[A-Za-z]*stas" -E ./*    example, find ...s/Stas in this folder sort    sort to symbols without change
   sort -n    sort by names
cut -d ">" -f 3 file.txt    divorse each column on end ">" and output only third lines in file.txt
   cut -d ">" -f 3 countries.txt | sort -n    example of sorting
find    find file
 find /home -name "file*.txt"
grep <-i> <word> <file/path>    find in folders or files, 'i' = ignore case count Aa
   grep -E "@[A-Za-z]*.com" file.txt    find certain fraze in file
   grep "[A-Za-z0-9]*@gmail.com" emails.txt    example, find all email in end @gmail.com
 [A-Z] [a-z] [0-9] @ _ - . 
curl <URL> parsing for sites, give text from URL
 curl https://www.kali.org/ showing html code
 curl -s https://hackware.ru/ show code without statistic
 curl -A <URL> site didnt know that u use console app with curl
 curl --compressed https://www.kali.org/ without binary trash
 curl -s https://hackware.ru/ | grep "extra" good sample
If you also have trash, try change charset:
 For ex. when u put this: curl http://z-oleg.com/
 You see this: 
 And u should look what charset set in HTML in tag 
 
 Use iconv: curl http://z-oleg.com/ | iconv -f windows-1251 -t UTF-8 right charset translate
ln    links (like shortcut)
   ln -s /home/Desktop/Dir    link to folder
   ln /home/Desktop/file.txt    create duplicate of file
date    show date (with args)
   date +"%H:%M"    11:32, certain cut date
whoami what user
 id which groups u consist
   id root show id root
last who enter in pc
 who who now use pc
 w what all users do
su change user
fiind find but not use, search for files in a directory hierarchy
 whereis locate main place, locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command
 which locate a command
 locate <app>/plocate <app> where is program locate, find files by name, quickly
fakeroot fake root in kali
sudo apt search search packages for install
> >>    clear and rewrite/just write at the end
 2>    catch errors
   grep cats animals/* 2> errors.txt    find strings with word 'cats' in all files in folder 'animals' and errors write in 'errors.txt' file
   grep aqua colors/* > good.txt 2> nogood.txt    write noerrors msg in 'good.txt' and errors msg in nogood.txt
   /dev/null    always empty folder, like 'black hole')
   2>>    add errors in file, like '>>'
 &>    catch errors and noerrors messages (because if you write '>' saving only noerrors messages)
bg    show background process
 fg    return to background
top task manager
 htop  new task manager
ps list of procces
   ps -aux    show all in all
   ps -ax   ps -aux | grep manifast    find strings with this word
kill <signal>  kill process, find signal from 'ps -aux'
   kill -9 2763
   kill -KILL 2763
   kill -9/KILL %  kill last process
   kill %2  point to second task
<command> &  & - needed for start task into background
   updatedb &
jobs  show tasks list in background
hostname ur nick
 hostnamectl show vresion (check the Kernel version and CPU architecture)
 lsb_release -a check the release version, description, and operating system codename
 uname -a shows the current kernel and OS information
 sudo adduser id -un libvirt add user for qemu
ping using for test connection and avalible of server
   ping -c yandex.ru test only 3 times and get right info
sudo date -s "$(wget --method=HEAD -qSO- --max-redirect=0 google.com 2>&1 | sed -n 's/^ *Date: *//p')" set date
install packages in Debian:
 sudo dpkg -i <path>
 sudo dpkg -i quickhash_3.3.1-1_amd64.deb
Check for supporting vm:
 LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep Virtualization 
Time:
 sudo ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tashkent /etc/localtime
nmcli d wifi connect <name> password <password> ifname wlan0 connect wifi
nmtui Network Manager TUI
/etc/network/interfaces
text:
 auto eth0
 iface eth0 inet static
 address 192.168.0.226/24
 gateway 192.168.0.1
Set to default if u have problems with connetion like (ping, browser etc.)
In /etc/network/interfaces u must make like this:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 #iface eth0 inet static #address 193.168.0.224/24 #gateway 192.168.0.1 iface eth0 inet dhcp systemctl restart NetworkManager.service restart connections
In the Terminal:
 Move:
 стрелки moving cursor
 Shift + стрелки list terminal
 Shift + PageUp/PageDown list with spacees
 Ctrl + PageUp/PageDown switch bookmarks
 Ctrl + Shift + PageUp/PageDown moving bookmarks
Close:
 Ctrl + D end of file input
 Ctrl + C close (kill), OC send signal 'SIGINT'
 Ctrl + / close too, OC send signal 'SIGQUIT'
 Ctrl + Z sleep
 Ctrl + S pause output
 Ctrl + Q resume output
/var/log logs
 sudo dmesg log of Linux core
 /etc/passwd system accaunts
 /etc/shadow all shifered passwords
 /etc/group all users groups (f.e how can use sudo)
cat > file.txt << ENDL
'>' its write in end ENDL its special word witch means end of line (random word)printf "text" > file.txt
useradd -m add user (with home directory)
 userdel -r delete user (with home)
/etc/skel templete of home directory
 passwd change password for user
groupadd create group in /etc/group
 groupdel delete group
usermod -aG add user to group
 deluser delete user from group
tar using without "-" tar cvf <name.tar> <folder> create archive (c - create, v - view, f - must be in end)
 tar cvf data.tar dataBig/
 tar xvf <name.tar> extract archive (x - unzip)
 tar xvf data.tar
 tar -C <path> -xvf <file> extract to considered folder (C - path)
 tar -C home/ -xvf data.tar
 tar tf <name.tar> view what in tar (t - test)
Compressing one file, (for example compress one big tar)
-  
gzip .gz
gzip <tar file/or 1 big file>zip
gzip myData.tar
gunzipunzip -  
bzip2 .bz2 - best
bzip2 <file>zip
bzip2 myData.tar
bunzip2 <file>unzip -  
xz .xz
xz <file>zip
xz myData.tar
unxz <file>unzip -  
zip
zip -r <file.zip> <folder>zip folder (r - recorsvely) with beauti adding zip -r data.zip bigData/unzip <file.zip>unzip unzip data.zip 
All in 1 command:
 tar - can make compression too
Archiving and compression:
 tar cvzf <file.gz> <folder> to .gz (z - create gzip)
 tar cvjf <file.bz2> <folder> to .bz2 (j - create bzip2)
 tar cvJf <file.xz> <folder> to .xz (J - create xz)
Uncompression archving tar:
 tar xvf <file.bz/.bz2/xz> Uncompression archving .bz
 tar xvf myData.bz2
gcc file.c -o file compiling output for C file
 g++ file.c -o file compiling uutput for C++ file
make file gcc file.c -o file
 ./file run file
Hot to compile and run c/c++ file. In default gcc can be installed on your system if not ->
sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev
 ``
Create file, edit it and save like .c or .cpp
For c:
 cc program.c -o program
For c++
 gcc program.c -o program
or universal:
 make program.c 
How to run:
 ./program or /home/Desktop/program
(not necessary)
Generate symbolic information for gdb and warning messages
 c:
 cc -g -Wall input.c -o executable
 c++:
 g++ -g -Wall input.C -o executable 
Compile a C program that uses math functions
 c:
 cc myth1.c -o executable -lm 
Compile a C++ program that uses Xlib graphics functions
 c++:
 g++ fireworks.C -o executable -lX11
Compile a program with multiple source files
 c:
 cc light.c sky.c fireworks.c -o executable
 c++:
 g++ ac.C bc.C file3.C -o my-program-name
var="string" create valuable
 read  like "cin»var", write in value
 var=$1/2 AKA Argument, ./file $1
 daytoday=$(date +"%D") example of pasting output command
^ Its Ctrl
 ^A ^E go to start or end 
 ^R finding commands
 ^U clear what written on left
 ^M new line
^Shift+V paste text
 ^Shift+Insert paste text too :D
^h show hidden files
^: open vim command line
 ! extra ... !q extra quit
 w save
 q quit
 :%s/WORD/REPLEACEWORD/g find and replace (g - all)
ESC NORMAL mode
 i INSERT mode
 v VISUAL mode
h j k l left down up right
 a INSERT after 1 letter
 A INSERT in end of line
o new line in down and INSERT
 O new line in up and INSERT
gg go to start of file
 G go to end of file
w go to 10 word ahead
/ find word (down from cursor)</br ? find word (up from cursor)
in VISUAL mode:
 y copy text
 x cut text
 p paste text
 d delete
dd delete line
 5dd - delete 5 lines
 dw delete word
u like ^Z (back)
cw delete all to right in word (change word)
 C delete all to right
q start to listen what you do
 q stop listen
 @ do macros
   10@mac - do ten times
sudo vim ~/.vimrc
 sudo vim .config/nvim/init.vim
sudo apt install neovim -y install
 sh -c 'curl -fLo "${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}"/nvim/site/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim' write this in directory ~/.config/nvim
 nvim start
Create config folder: cd ~/.config/
 mkdir nvim
 nvim nvim/init.vim config
 and paste config here
sudo apt install git
 :PlugInstall write this in nvim command cmd
https://vimawesome.com/ set plugins here
Setting nvim:
 in options.txt file
:h <what find> find in all setting in nvim
   :h 'guicursor'> or u can type :h guic<tab>
 :set <parametr>=<value>
   :set guicursor=
tldr is a small tool that provides concise, easy-to-read summaries of information from man guides.
The Debian man command does not have the same format as Archcraft Linux.
 On Debian, the man command displays man manuals in text format.
 In Archcraft Linux, the man command displays man pages in HTML format.
 To get the same look as in Archcraft Linux, you can use the tldr program.
 The tldr program provides concise, easy-to-read summaries of information
 from man manuals in HTML format. To install the tldr program, you can run the
 following command in a terminal:
sudo apt install tldr
It very useful for people like me because show many of examples with all arguments and options like this.
 For example you forget something in nmap or dirb programm and it easly show you all examples, 
 ether you waste time of searching in browser.
apt is a packet manager in Debian
func:
 apt install 
 apt remove 
 apt search 
sudo apt update -y $$ sudo apt upgrade -y full update Linux
   -y without ask
packeges:
 sudo apt install ./deb_file install .deb files
Install & Execute BIN files:
chmod + x <filename> 
 ./<filename>
Pacman is a packet manager in Arch
Funcions:
 sudo pacman -S <name of packet> install
 sudo pacman -Ss <name of packet> search
 sudo pacman -R <name of packet> remove
 sudo pacman -R <name of packet> remove expact config (dependencies)
 sudo pacman -Rns <name of packet> remove with all config dependencies
sudo pacman -Syu update Linux
sudo su
 sudo -i
1
 sudo chown <file/folder>
2 (for all users)
 sudo su
 chown -v <file/folder>
3 (most use). from -rwxrwxrwx to -rw-rw-r—, make your script executable
 sudo chmod +x 
make a double connection
 create directory(folder) (auto amount, permanent)
turn on CD Tools: if it didnt open automaticly, go to
 cd /media/user/VBox_GAs_6.1.34/VBox_GAs_6.1.34/
 ./autorun.sh
 sudo apt update
 sudo apt install update
in terminal:
 sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf <user name> create rights
 sudo apt-get install gcc make perl dnt know but must paste
Linux version:
 uname -r
 6.1.0-kali9-amd64
cat /proc/version
 Linux version 6.1.0-kali9-amd64 (devel@kali.org) (gcc-12 (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0,
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40) #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.27-1kali1 (2023-05-12)
lsb_release -r
Update Debian/Kali:
 sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo reboot -f
/etc/apt/sources.list 
deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib deb-src http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
apt-get update address update, update software source data.
 apt-get upgrade software update, update all installed software.
 apt-get dist-upgrade system update, replace the system version.
 apt-get clean Clean up garbage, delete all downloaded packages.
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@.com"
sudo tasksel select startup enviroments
 
sudo apt install kali-defaults kali-root-login desktop-base kde-plasma-desktop 
Paths:
 /etc/bash.bashrc
 /root/.bashrc
Path:
 /.zshrc
GRUB (GNU GRUB - GRand Unified Bootloader) is default OS bootloader wich have quite good configuration.
sudo nvim /etc/default/grub config of GRUB
If you write changes you must reload GRUB
sudo update-grub 
Delete unuseful dependencies(зависимостей):
 sudo apt autoremove

 sed -i 's/prompt_symbol=㉿/prompt_symbol=💻/' ~/.zshrc for user
 sed -i 's/prompt_symbol=㉿/prompt_symbol=💀/' ~/.zshrc for root
Kali Linux use the Qterminal like main terminal emulator and more like byouye and xfce4-terminal
if you press tab in the name that was, it will add itself
 ls -l && echo "Stas" if one fails, the next too
 ls -l; echo "Stas" add many commands
 truncate -s 0 file clear file
 | column -t convenient to display in columns (удобно вывести по колонкам)
 sudo rm -R / Kill Linux
 fakeroot fakeroot
 Ctrl + Alt + стрелки switch desktop
 Ctrl + h replacement (замена) backspace
 Alt + WhellUp/Down loop
 U can install only needed programs from different system like:
 sudo apt install gnome-calculator or
 sudo apt install xfce4-terminal







