美国海关严查FBA货物：321法案最新解读与应对策略
美国海关严查FBA货物：321法案最新解读与应对策略
US Customs Tightens FBA Shipment Inspections: Latest 321 Act Analysis and Solutions
近期美国海关对亚马逊FBA货物实施严格审查，多家物流公司报告显示，大量不符合321法案的货物被强制退回，有卖家甚至遭遇上千件货品被拒入境的情况。
US customs has intensified inspections on Amazon FBA shipments, with logistics companies reporting numerous forced returns of non-compliant goods, including cases where sellers had over 1,000 items rejected.
▍321法案核心内容解析
▍Key Provisions of the 321 Act
根据1930年美国关税法第321条规定：
Under Section 321 of the 1930 US Tariff Act:
- 单日发往同一亚马逊仓库的多批次货物(n>1)将被视为"分批装运"
- Multiple shipments (n>1) to the same Amazon warehouse within one day will be considered "split shipments"
- 所有货件将转为正式清关流程（无论单票是否低于800美元）
- All shipments will require formal clearance (regardless of individual value below $800)
- 亚马逊不提供任何清关支持（需自行提供EIN号码）
- Amazon provides no clearance support (EIN number required)
▍历史监管趋势
▍Regulatory Timeline
美国海关近年加强对FBA货物的审查：
Recent US customs crackdowns on FBA shipments:
- 2018年6月：首次依据321法案加强审查
- June 2018: First 321 Act enforcement
- 2019年：CBP发布321数据试点方案
- 2019: CBP 321 Data Pilot Program
- 2020年Prime Day前：大规模扣货事件
- Pre-Prime Day 2020: Mass shipment holds
▍6大应对策略（SEO重点）
▍6 Key Solutions (SEO Focus)
- 准确申报HS编码 - 避免因申报不实导致退件
- Accurate HS codes - Prevent returns due to misdeclaration
- 规范商业发票 - 商品类别不超过2大类，定期变更格式
- Standardized invoices - ≤2 product categories, regular format changes
- 优先选择空派双清 - 降低当前风险
- Prefer air shipping with clearance - Reduce current risks
- 关税预付服务 - 确保顺利清关
- DDP services - Ensure smooth clearance
- 美国本土联系人 - 可填写真实美国收件人信息
- US-based contacts - Provide authentic recipient details
- 分散发货策略 - 避免单日多发同一仓库
- Diversified shipping - Avoid same-day multi-shipments
专家建议：近期发往美国的FBA货物务必选择关税预付(DDP)服务，并确保所有申报文件完整准确。物流专家预测，此项审查将持续至2023年底。
Expert advice: Currently all US-bound FBA shipments should use DDP services with complete, accurate documentation. Logistics experts predict these inspections will continue through 2023.