Conditional distribution/independence

$\newcommand{\F}{\mathcal{F}} \newcommand{\G}{\mathcal G} \newcommand{\HH}{\mathcal H}$ The answer to both your questions is yes, even without assuming the existence of regular versions of conditional distributions.

Indeed, let $\G$ and $\HH$ be the sigma-algebras over $U$ and $V$, respectively, with respect to which $X$ is a random element of $U$, and $Y$ and $Z$ are random elements of $V$. In what follows, take arbitrarily $A\in\G,A_1\in\G,A_2\in\G,B\in\HH,C\in\HH,F\in\F$.

Then \begin{equation} P(X\in A,Y\in B|\F)=E(1_{X\in A,Y\in B}|\F)=E(1_{X\in A}1_{Y\in B}|\F) =1_{X\in A}E(1_{Y\in B}|\F)=1_{X\in A}P(Y\in B|\F). \tag{1} \end{equation} Similarly, \begin{equation} P(X\in A,Z\in C|\F)=1_{X\in A}P(Z\in C|\F) \tag{2} \end{equation} and \begin{equation} P(X\in A,Y\in B,Z\in C|\F) =1_{X\in A}P(Y\in B,Z\in C|\F). \tag{3} \end{equation}

If $Y$ and $Z$ have the same conditional distributions given $\F$, then $P(Y\in B|\F)=P(Z\in B|\F)$ and hence, by (1) and (2), $P(X\in A,Y\in B|\F)=P(X\in A,Z\in B|\F)$, so that $(X,Y)$ and $(X,Z)$ have the same conditional distributions given $\F$, which implies that $f(X,Y)$ and $f(X,Z)$ have the same conditional distributions given $\F$. This settles your second question.

Now suppose that $Y\perp_\F Z$, so that \begin{equation} P(Y\in B,Z\in C|\F)=P(Y\in B|\F)P(Z\in C|\F). \tag{4} \end{equation} Then \begin{multline*} P((X,Y)\in A_1\times B,(X,Z)\in A_2\times C|\F) \\ =P(X\in A_1\cap A_2,Y\in B,Z\in C|\F) \\ =1_{X\in A_1\cap A_2}P(Y\in B,Z\in C|\F) \\ =1_{X\in A_1\cap A_2}P(Y\in B|\F)P(Z\in C|\F) \\ =1_{X\in A_1}P(Y\in B|\F)1_{X\in A_2}P(Z\in C|\F) \\ =P(X\in A_1,Y\in B|\F)P(X\in A_2,Z\in C|\F) \\ =P((X,Y)\in A_1\times B|\F)P((X,Z)\in A_2\times C|\F); \end{multline*} here, the second equality immediately follows from (3), the third equality immediately follows from (4), and the fifth equality immediately follows from (1) and (2). Thus, $(X,Y)\perp_\F(X,Z)$ and hence $f(X,Y)\perp_\F f(X,Z)$. This settles your first question as well.