An elegant lightweight and efficient SQL Query Builder with fluid interface SQL syntax supporting bindings and complicated query generation. Works without establishing a connection to the database.
- 1. Installation
- 2. The Builder
- 3. Building Queries
- 4. Advanced Quering
- 5. Commenting queries
- 6. Quality Code
- 7. Author
- 8. License
1. Installation ↑
The recommended way to install the SQL Query Builder is through Composer. Run the following command to install it:
php composer.phar require nilportugues/sql-query-builder2. The Builder ↑
The SQL Query Builder allows to generate complex SQL queries standard using the SQL-2003 dialect (default) and the MySQL dialect, that extends the SQL-2003 dialect.
2.1. Generic Builder ↑
The Generic Query Builder is the default builder for this class and writes standard SQL-2003.
All column aliases are escaped using the ' sign by default.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); echo $builder->write($query); SELECT user.* FROM user2.2. MySQL Builder ↑
The MySQL Query Builder has its own class, that inherits from the SQL-2003 builder. All columns will be wrapped with the tilde ` sign.
All table and column aliases are escaped using the tilde sign by default.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\MySqlBuilder; $builder = new MySqlBuilder(); $query = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); echo $builder->write($query); SELECT user.* FROM `user` 2.3. Human Readable Output ↑
Both Generic and MySQL Query Builder can write complex SQL queries.
Every developer out there needs at some point revising the output of a complicated query, the SQL Query Builder includes a human-friendly output method, and therefore the writeFormatted method is there to aid the developer when need.
Keep in mind writeFormatted is to be avoided at all cost in production mode as it adds unneeded overhead due to parsing and re-formatting of the generated statement.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); echo $builder->writeFormatted($query); SELECT user.* FROM userMore complicated examples can be found in the documentation.
3. Building Queries ↑
3.1. SELECT Statement ↑
3.1.1. Basic SELECT statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(['user_id','name','email']); echo $builder->write($query); SELECT user.user_id, user.name, user.email FROM user3.1.2. Aliased SELECT statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(['userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email']); echo $builder->write($query); SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email' FROM user3.1.3. SELECT with WHERE statement ↑
Default logical operator for filtering using WHERE conditions is AND.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns([ 'userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email' ]) ->where() ->greaterThan('user_id', 5) ->notLike('username', 'John') ->end(); echo $builder->writeFormatted($query); SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email' FROM user WHERE (user.user_id < :v1) AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v2)3.1.4. Complex WHERE conditions ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->where() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->equals('user_id', 2) ->subWhere("OR") ->lessThan($column, 10) ->greaterThan('user_id', 100) ->end(); echo $builder->writeFormatted($query);SELECT user.* FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) AND (user.user_id = :v2) AND ( (user.user_id < :v3) OR (user.user_id > :v4) )3.1.5. JOIN & LEFT/RIGHT/INNER/CROSS JOIN SELECT statements ↑
Syntax for JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, INNER JOIN, CROSS JOIN work the exactly same way.
Here's an example selecting both table and joined table columns and doing sorting using columns from both the table and the joined table.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns([ 'userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email', 'created_at' ]) ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::DESC) ->leftJoin( 'news', //join table 'user_id', //origin table field used to join 'author_id', //join column ['newsTitle' => 'title', 'body', 'created_at', 'updated_at'] ) ->on() ->equals('author_id', 1); //enforcing a condition on the join column $query ->where() ->greaterThan('user_id', 5) ->notLike('username', 'John') ->end(); $query ->orderBy('created_at', OrderBy::DESC); echo $builder->writeFormatted($query); SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email', user.created_at, news.title AS 'newsTitle', news.body, news.created_at, news.updated_at FROM user LEFT JOIN news ON (news.author_id = user.user_id) AND (news.author_id = :v1) WHERE (user.user_id < :v2) AND (user.username NOT LIKE :v3) ORDER BY user.user_id DESC, news.created_at DESC;3.1.6. COUNT rows ↑
Counting rows comes in 3 possible ways, using the ALL selector *, stating a column or stating a column and its alias.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->count() echo $builder->write($query);SELECT COUNT(*) FROM user;<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->count('user_id') echo $builder->write($query);SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) FROM user;<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->count('user_id', 'total_users') echo $builder->write($query);SELECT COUNT(user.user_id) AS 'total_users' FROM user;3.2. INSERT Statement ↑
The INSERT statement is really straightforward.
3.2.1 Basic INSERT statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->insert() ->setTable('user') ->setValues([ 'user_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Nil', 'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com', ]); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();INSERT INTO user (user.user_id, user.name, user.contact) VALUES (:v1, :v2, :v3)[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com'];3.3. UPDATE Statement ↑
The UPDATE statement works just like expected, set the values and the conditions to match the row and you're set.
Examples provided below.
3.3.1 Basic UPDATE statement ↑
Important including the the where statement is critical, or all table rows will be replaced with the provided values if the statement is executed.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->update() ->setTable('user') ->setValues([ 'user_id' => 1, 'name' => 'Nil', 'contact' => 'contact@nilportugues.com' ]) ->where() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();UPDATE user SET user.user_id = :v1, user.name = :v2, user.contact = :v3 WHERE (user.user_id = :v4)[':v1' => 1, ':v2' => 'Nil', ':v3' => 'contact@nilportugues.com', ':v4' => 1];3.3.2. Elaborated UPDATE statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy; use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->update() ->setTable('user') ->setValues([ 'name' => 'UpdatedName', ]); $query ->where() ->like('username', '%N') ->between('user_id', 1, 2000) ->end(); $query ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC) ->limit(1); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();UPDATE user SET user.name = :v1 WHERE (user.username LIKE :v2) AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v3 AND :v4) ORDER BY user.user_id ASC LIMIT :v53.4. DELETE Statement ↑
The DELETE statement is used just like UPDATE, but no values are set.
Examples provided below.
3.4.1. Empty table with DELETE statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->delete() ->setTable('user'); $sql = $builder->write($query); DELETE FROM user3.4.2. Basic DELETE statement ↑
Important including the the where statement is critical, or all table rows will be deleted with the provided values if the statement is executed.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->delete() ->setTable('user'); $query ->where() ->equals('user_id', 100) ->end(); $query ->limit(1); $sql = $builder->write($query); $values = $builder->getValues();DELETE FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) LIMIT :v2[':v1' => 100, ':v2' => 1];3.4.2. Elaborated DELETE statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Syntax\OrderBy; use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->delete() ->setTable('user'); $query ->where() ->like('username', '%N') ->between('user_id', 1, 2000) ->end(); $query ->orderBy('user_id', OrderBy::ASC) ->limit(1); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();DELETE FROM user WHERE (user.username LIKE :v1) AND (user.user_id BETWEEN :v2 AND :v3) ORDER BY user.user_id ASC LIMIT :v43.5. INTERSECT Statement ↑
INTERSECT is not supported by MySQL. Same results can be achieved by using INNER JOIN statement instead.
The INTERSECT statement is really straightforward.
3.5.1 Basic INTERSECT statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); $select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails'); $query = $builder->intersect() ->add($select1) ->add($select2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.* FROM user INTERSECT SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email3.6. MINUS Statement ↑
MINUS is not supported by MySQL. Same results can be achieved by using a LEFT JOIN statement in combination with an IS NULL or NOT IN condition instead.
The MINUS statement is really straightforward.
3.6.1 Basic MINUS statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); $select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails'); $query = $builder->minus($select1, $select2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.* FROM user MINUS SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email3.7. UNION Statement ↑
The UNION statement is really straightforward.
3.7.1 Basic UNION statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); $select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails'); $query = $builder->union() ->add($select1) ->add($select2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.* FROM user UNION SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email3.8. UNION ALL Statement ↑
The UNION ALL statement is really straightforward.
3.8.1 Basic UNION ALL statement ↑
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $select1 = $builder->select()->setTable('user'); $select2 = $builder->select()->setTable('user_emails'); $query = $builder->unionAll() ->add($select1) ->add($select2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.* FROM user UNION ALL SELECT user_email.* FROM user_email4. Advanced Quering ↑
4.1. Filtering using WHERE ↑
The following operators are available for filtering using WHERE conditionals:
public function subWhere($operator = 'OR'); public function equals($column, $value); public function notEquals($column, $value); public function greaterThan($column, $value); public function greaterThanOrEqual($column, $value); public function lessThan($column, $value); public function lessThanOrEqual($column, $value); public function like($column, $value); public function notLike($column, $value); public function match(array $columns, array $values); public function matchBoolean(array $columns, array $values); public function matchWithQueryExpansion(array $columns, array $values); public function in($column, array $values); public function notIn($column, array $values); public function between($column, $a, $b); public function notBetween($column, $a, $b); public function isNull($column); public function isNotNull($column); public function exists(Select $select); public function notExists(Select $select); public function addBitClause($column, $value); public function asLiteral($literal);4.2. Changing WHERE logical operator ↑
WHERE default's operator must be changed passing to the where method the logical operator OR.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->where('OR') ->equals('user_id', 1) ->like('name', '%N%') ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.* FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1) OR (user.name LIKE :v2)4.3. Grouping with GROUP BY and HAVING ↑
Default logical operator for joining more than one HAVING condition is AND.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns([ 'userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email', 'created_at' ]) ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name']) ->having() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->equals('user_id', 2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email', user.created_at FROM user GROUP BY user.user_id, user.name HAVING (user.user_id = :v1) AND (user.user_id = :v2)4.3.1 Available HAVING operators ↑
Same operators used in the WHERE statement are available for HAVING operations.
4.4. Changing HAVING logical operator ↑
HAVING default's operator must be changed passing to the having method the logical operator OR.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns([ 'userId' => 'user_id', 'username' => 'name', 'email' => 'email', 'created_at' ]) ->groupBy(['user_id', 'name']) ->having('OR') ->equals('user_id', 1) ->equals('user_id', 2); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id AS 'userId', user.name AS 'username', user.email AS 'email', user.created_at FROM user GROUP BY user.user_id, user.name HAVING (user.user_id = :v1) OR (user.user_id = :v2)4.5. Columns as SELECT statements ↑
Sometimes, a column needs to be set as a column. SQL Query Builder got you covered on this one too! Check the example below.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $selectRole = $builder->select() ->setTable('role') ->setColumns(array('role_name')) ->limit(1) ->where() ->equals('role_id', 3); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username')) ->setSelectAsColumn(array('user_role' => $selectRole)) ->setSelectAsColumn(array($selectRole)) ->where() ->equals('user_id', 4) ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id, user.username, ( SELECT role.role_name FROM role WHERE (role.role_id = :v1) LIMIT :v2, :v3 ) AS 'user_role', ( SELECT role.role_name FROM role WHERE (role.role_id = :v4) LIMIT :v5, :v6 ) AS 'role' FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v7)4.6. Columns being Values ↑
There are time where you need to force the same column structure (eg: UNIONs) even when lacking of a column or value. Forcing column with values gets you covered.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username')) ->setValueAsColumn('10', 'priority') ->where() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id, user.username, :v1 AS 'priority' FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v2)4.7. Columns using FUNCTIONS ↑
Example for MAX function.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username')) ->setFunctionAsColumn('MAX', array('user_id'), 'max_id') ->where() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id, user.username, MAX(user_id) AS 'max_id' FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1)Example for CURRENT_TIMESTAMP function.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setColumns(array('user_id', 'username')) ->setFunctionAsColumn('CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', array(), 'server_time') ->where() ->equals('user_id', 1) ->end(); $sql = $builder->writeFormatted($query); $values = $builder->getValues();SELECT user.user_id, user.username, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AS 'server_time' FROM user WHERE (user.user_id = :v1)5. Commenting queries ↑
The query builder allows adding comments to all query methods by using the setComment method.
Some useful use cases examples can be :
- Explain difficult queries or why of its existence.
- Finding slow queries from its comments.
<?php use NilPortugues\Sql\QueryBuilder\Builder\GenericBuilder; $builder = new GenericBuilder(); $query = $builder->select() ->setTable('user') ->setComment('This is a comment'); $sql = $builder->write($query); -- This is a comment SELECT user.* FROM user6. Quality Code ↑
Testing has been done using PHPUnit and Travis-CI. All code has been tested to be compatible from PHP 5.4 up to PHP 5.6 and HHVM.
To run the test suite, you need Composer:
php composer.phar install --dev php bin/phpunit7. Author ↑
Nil Portugués Calderó
8. License ↑
SQL Query Builder is licensed under the MIT license.
Copyright (c) 2014 Nil Portugués Calderó Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.