Fix issue #11308 Haversine Distance Calculation to Use Raw Latitudes

[Maanit491]

Describe your change:

• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?

This pull request fixes the Haversine distance calculation in the haversine_distance.py file. The implementation previously used reduced latitudes, which can introduce inaccuracies. This change utilizes raw latitudes directly, ensuring that the calculation aligns with standard practices for spherical distance measurement.

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
• All functions and variable names follow Python naming conventions.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with Python type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.
• If this pull request resolves one or more open issues then the description above includes the issue number(s) with a closing keyword: "Fixes Haversine distance may be using the wrong phi1 and phi2 angle #11308 ".

[Maanit491]

I have resolved the bug. Please review my PR.

[Maanit491]

Kindly review my code @cclauss