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eidher
eidher

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Spring Configuration

#spring #java #dependencyinjection #bean

Spring Configuration annotation indicates that the class has @Bean definition methods.
Spring @Bean Annotation is applied on a method to specify that it returns a bean to be managed by the Spring context.

@Configuration public class ApplicationConfig { @Bean public DataSource dataSource() { return new DataSource(); } }
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Spring will create as many beans as we define in the @Configuration classes. @Configuration classes are beans too.

public class MySpringApp { public static void main(String[] args) { // Create the application from the configuration ApplicationContext ctx = SpringApplication.run(ApplicationConfig.class); // Look up the application service interface // Way 1: Casting DataSource ds1 = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource"); // Way 2: Use typed method DataSource ds2 = ctx.getBean("dataSource", DataSource.class); // Way 3: Without been id if type is unique DataSource ds3 = ctx.getBean(DataSource.class); // Use the application ds1.close(); ds2.close(); ds3.close(); } }
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Creating an Application Context from Multiple Files 

@Configuration @Import({ApplicationConfig.class, WebConfig.class}) public class InfraetructureConfig { @Bean public DataSource dataSource() { return new DataSource(); } }
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Beware of duplicate beans. In the previous code, if ApplicationConfig.class and WebConfig.class have the same bean id you get the bean from WebConfig because it is the last bean. To avoid that you can use the @Order annotation.

@Configuration @Order(1) public class ApplicationConfig { @Bean public String example(){ return new String("example"); } }
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Bean Scope

The default scope is singleton

DataSource ds1 = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource"); DataSource ds2 = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource"); assert ds1 == ds2; // True - Same object
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Prototype Scope: a new instance is created every time the bean is referenced.

@Bean @Scope("prototype") public DataSource dataSource() { return new DataSource(); } DataSource ds1 = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource"); DataSource ds2 = (DataSource) ctx.getBean("dataSource"); assert ds1 != ds2; // True - Diferent objects
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Other scopes:

  • session
  • request
  • application
  • global
  • thread
  • websocket
  • refresh
  • Custom scopes

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