SOLID is an acronym for five fundamental principles of object-oriented design (OOD) introduced by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob). These principles are designed to make software more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. Let's break down each principle:
S: Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
A class should have only one reason to change. In simpler terms, a class should have one responsibility. This promotes modularity and testability.
Example:
A User class should handle user data and operations related to users, not email sending or database interactions.
O: Open-Closed Principle (OCP)
Software entities (classes, modules, functions) should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means you can add new functionality without changing existing code.
Example: Instead of modifying an existing Shape class to handle new shapes, create a new shape class that inherits from the base Shape class.
L: Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
Objects in a program should be replaceable with instances of their subtypes without altering the correctness of that program. Essentially, derived classes must be substitutable for their base classes.
Example:
A Square is a type of Rectangle, but changing the width of a Square should not affect its height, violating LSP.
I: Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use. Break large interfaces into smaller, more specific ones.
Example:
Instead of a large Printer interface with methods for printing documents, images, and PDFs, create separate interfaces for each type of printing.
D: Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules. Both should depend on abstractions. Abstractions should not depend on details. Details should depend on abstractions. This promotes loose coupling and testability.
Example: Use dependency injection to inject dependencies into classes, making them easier to test and maintain.
Benefits of following SOLID Principles
🔸 Improved code readability: Code becomes easier to understand and maintain.
🔸 Enhanced code flexibility: Changes can be made with minimal impact on other parts of the system.
🔸 Increased testability: Smaller, focused classes are easier to test.
🔸 Better maintainability: Code is easier to modify and extend over time.
🔸 Reduced coupling: Classes are less dependent on each other, leading to more resilient systems.
By adhering to SOLID principles, you can create software that is not only functional but also robust, scalable, and maintainable in the long run.
For further reference 👇
https://belski.me/blog/software-design-principles/
https://elvinbaghele.medium.com/system-design-principles-9e5a417b7461
For original post: https://medium.com/@supungeethanjana1/solid-principles-building-robust-and-maintainable-software-e3a5846e1fd7
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