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Marcos Oliveira
Marcos Oliveira

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50 Comandos GNU X 50 Comandos PowerShell

#gnu #powershell #cli

🐂 🆚 ✴️ Vários comandos do dia a dia usados no terminal do GNU e equivalentes em PowerShell.

No mundo da automação de tarefas, dominar a linha de comando é uma habilidade essencial. Seja com os tradicionais comandos GNU, ou no ecossistema Windows, com o poderoso PowerShell, conhecer as ferramentas certas pode transformar sua produtividade.

Nesta postagem, vamos confrontar 50 comandos GNU com seus equivalentes no PowerShell.

💻 01. Remover um diretório recursivamente

🐂 GNU 

rm -rf /home/$USER/folder
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✴️ PowerShell 

Remove-Item -Path "C:\folder" -Recurse -Force
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💻 02. Obter nome de um processo que está rodando:

🐂 GNU 

ps aux | grep apache2 # httpd
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systemd: systemctl status apache2

✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.DisplayName -like "*Apache*" }
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💻 03. Parar um serviço 

sudo kill -9 $(pidof apache2) # httpd
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systemd: sudo systemctl stop apache2

✴️ PowerShell 

Stop-Service -Name "Apache2.4"
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💻 04. Remover uma Variável de Ambiente

🐂 GNU 

unset NOME_DA_VARIAVEL
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✴️ PowerShell C:\App\bin 

# Obtenha o valor atual da variável de ambiente Path do sistema $envPath = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) # Separe os caminhos em um array $paths = $envPath -split ';' # Filtre para remover o caminho que você não quer mais $newPaths = $paths | Where-Object { $_ -ne "C:\App\bin" } # Recrie a variável de ambiente Path (sem o caminho indesejado) $newPathString = ($newPaths -join ';').TrimEnd(';') # Atualize a variável de ambiente do sistema [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $newPathString, [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
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💻 05. Verificar se um comando existe

🐂 GNU 

which mycommand
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Command mycommand
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💻 06. Criar uma pasta/diretório

🐂 GNU 

mkdir my-project
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✴️ PowerShell 

New-Item -ItemType Directory "MyProject"
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💻 07. Criar uma pasta/diretório recursivamente

🐂 GNU 

mkdir -p my-project/folder/new
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✴️ PowerShell 

New-Item -Path "C:/MyProject/folder/new" -ItemType Directory
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💻 08. Mover uma pasta/diretório de lugar

🐂 GNU 

mv folder new/path/
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💻 PowerShell 

Move-Item -Path "folder" -Destination "C:\new\path\"
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💻 09. Entrar em um pasta/diretório

🐂 GNU 

cd pasta/
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✴️ PowerShell 

Set-Location pasta
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💻 10. Copiar arquivos e diretórios

🐂 GNU 

cp file path/to/dest cp -r folder/ path/to/dest
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✴️ PowerShell 

Copy-Item file path\to\dest Copy-Item folder\ -Recurse -Destination path\to\dest
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💻 11. Obter a pasta pessoal e/ou nome do usuário

🐂 GNU 

$HOME # echo $HOME $USER # echo $USER
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✴️ PowerShell 

$env:USERPROFILE # Write-Host $env:USERPROFILE $env:USERNAME # Write-Host $env:USERNAME
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💻 12. Listar arquivos e diretórios

🐂 GNU 

ls -la
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-ChildItem -Force
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💻 13. Mostrar conteúdo de um arquivo texto

🐂 GNU 

cat file.txt
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Content file.txt
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💻 14. Buscar texto dentro de arquivos

🐂 GNU 

grep "termo" file.txt
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✴️ PowerShell 

Select-String -Pattern "termo" -Path file.txt
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💻 15. Exibir uso de disco

🐂 GNU 

df -h
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-PSDrive -PSProvider FileSystem
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💻 16. Ver uso de memória

🐂 GNU 

free -h
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object TotalVisibleMemorySize,FreePhysicalMemory
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💻 17. Exibir variáveis de ambiente

🐂 GNU 

printenv
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-ChildItem Env:
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💻 18. Renomear arquivo/diretório

🐂 GNU 

mv oldname newname
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✴️ PowerShell 

Rename-Item -Path oldname -NewName newname
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💻 19. Executar comando como administrador/root

🐂 GNU 

sudo comando
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✴️ PowerShell (executar shell como administrador) 

Start-Process powershell -Verb runAs
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💻 20. Ver rede/interfaces

🐂 GNU 

ip addr show
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-NetIPAddress
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💻 21. Cria uma variável de Ambiente

Exemplo para Terlang: C:\Program Files\Terlang\bin(Windows) e ${HOME}/.local/terlang/bin/(GNU)

🐂 GNU 

export PATH="${PATH}:${HOME}/.local/terlang/bin/"
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✴️ PowerShell 

[System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\Program Files\Terlang\bin", [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)
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💻 22. Exibir últimas linhas de um arquivo (tail)

🐂 GNU 

tail -n 20 file.log
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Content file.log -Tail 20
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💻 23. Exibir processos em tempo real (top)

🐂 GNU 

top
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Process | Sort-Object CPU -Descending | Select-Object -First 10
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(não é em tempo real, mas dá um snapshot dos processos com maior uso de CPU)

💻 24. Buscar e matar processo por nome

🐂 GNU 

pkill -f processo
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Process -Name processo | Stop-Process -Force
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💻 25. Monitorar alterações em arquivo (tail -f)

🐂 GNU 

tail -f file.log
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Content file.log -Wait
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💻 26. Compactar arquivos (tar gzip)

🐂 GNU 

tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder/
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✴️ PowerShell 

Compress-Archive -Path folder\* -DestinationPath archive.zip
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💻 27. Descompactar arquivo zip

🐂 GNU 

unzip archive.zip
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✴️ PowerShell 

Expand-Archive -Path archive.zip -DestinationPath destino\
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💻 28. Visualizar variáveis de ambiente específicas

🐂 GNU 

echo $VARIAVEL
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✴️ PowerShell 

$env:VARIAVEL
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💻 29. Definir variável de ambiente para a sessão atual

🐂 GNU 

export VARIAVEL=valor
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✴️ PowerShell 

$env:VARIAVEL="valor"
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💻 30. Exibir informações do sistema (kernel, SO)

🐂 GNU 

uname -a
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem | Select-Object Caption, Version, OSArchitecture
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💻 31. Ver horário e data atual

🐂 GNU 

date
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Date
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💻 32. Exibir quem está logado no sistema

🐂 GNU 

who
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✴️ PowerShell 

query user
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💻 33. Ver portas TCP abertas e processos associados

🐂 GNU 

sudo netstat -tulpn
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-NetTCPConnection | Select-Object LocalAddress,LocalPort,OwningProcess
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💻 34. Buscar arquivos pelo nome

🐂 GNU 

find /path -name "arquivo.txt"
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-ChildItem -Path C:\path -Recurse -Filter "arquivo.txt"
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💻 35. Agendar tarefa (cron / agendador)

🐂 GNU 

crontab -e
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✴️ PowerShell 

# Exemplo simples para criar tarefa agendada via PowerShell $action = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "notepad.exe" $trigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -At 9am -Daily Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "AbrirNotepad" -Action $action -Trigger $trigger
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💻 36. Limpar tela

🐂 GNU 

clear
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✴️ PowerShell 

Clear-Host
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💻 37. Mostrar variáveis do sistema (com nome e valor)

🐂 GNU 

env
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-ChildItem Env:
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💻 38. Comparar arquivos linha a linha

🐂 GNU 

diff file1 file2
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✴️ PowerShell 

Compare-Object (Get-Content file1) (Get-Content file2)
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💻 39. Executar script local (bash / powershell)

🐂 GNU 

./script.sh
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✴️ PowerShell 

.\script.ps1
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💻 40. Parar execução do comando (Ctrl + C)

🐂 GNU 

Ctrl + C
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✴️ PowerShell 

Ctrl + C
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💻 41. Obter histórico de comandos na sessão atual

🐂 GNU 

history
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-History
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💻 42. Obter arquivo com histórico de comandos

🐂 GNU 

cat ~/.bash_history
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Content (Get-PSReadlineOption).HistorySavePath
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💻 43. Buscar texto no histórico de comandos

🐂 GNU 

history | grep termo
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-History | Where-Object CommandLine -Match "termo"
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💻 44. Exibir variáveis definidas na sessão atual

🐂 GNU 

set
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-Variable
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💻 45. Definir variável local (shell/session)

🐂 GNU 

VARIAVEL=valor
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✴️ PowerShell 

$VARIAVEL = "valor"
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💻 46. Limitar saída de comando (paginador)

🐂 GNU 

command | less
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✴️ PowerShell 

command | Out-Host -Paging
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💻 47. Definir alias (apelido para comando)

🐂 GNU 

alias ll='ls -la'
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✴️ PowerShell 

Set-Alias ll Get-ChildItem
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💻 48. Remover alias

🐂 GNU 

unalias ll
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✴️ PowerShell 

Remove-Item Alias:ll
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💻 49. Mostrar informações da CPU

🐂 GNU 

lscpu
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✴️ PowerShell 

Get-CimInstance Win32_Processor | Select-Object Name,NumberOfCores,NumberOfLogicalProcessors
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💻 50. Abrir editor de texto no terminal

🐂 GNU 

vim arquivo.txt
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✴️ PowerShell 

notepad arquivo.txt
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🍖 Bônus:

Fazer download de arquivo:

  • GNU: 
wget https://url.com/file.zip # Ou: wget https://url.com/file.zip -O outronome.zip
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  • PowerShell: 
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://url.com/file.zip" -OutFile "file.zip"
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👓 Veja também:

🔗 7 Exemplos de Uso do PowerShell

🔗 Conheça 7 ferramentas do GNU que são o poder da linha de comando

🔗 10 Dicas de Flags e Parâmetros para GNU GCC

🔗 Personalize seu PowerShell Like a Pro

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