疫情防控揭示数字治理的九大发展方向
河南省人民医院专家团队在互联智慧健康服务院线上门诊接诊。 同2003年非典疫情防控相比，新冠肺炎疫情防控的最大特点就是互联网环境下大量信息技术的广泛应用，以及数字治理在其中发挥的巨大作用。
Henan Provincial People's Hospital expert team provides online consultation through interconnected smart health services. Compared with SARS prevention in 2003, the biggest feature of COVID-19 epidemic prevention is the widespread application of information technology in the internet environment and the significant role of digital governance.
在2月14日召开的中央全面深化改革委员会第十二次会议上，中央领导强调"要鼓励运用大数据、人工智能、云计算等数字技术，在疫情监测分析、病毒溯源、防控救治、资源调配等方面更好发挥支撑作用"。
At the 12th meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms on February 14, central leaders emphasized "encouraging the use of digital technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing to better support epidemic monitoring and analysis, virus tracing, prevention and treatment, and resource allocation."
这些新兴信息技术的普遍应用使政府治理水平得到显著改善，并使疫情防控效率大幅提升。但是，在疫情防控和复工复产的过程中，出现了许多同电子政务和数字治理有关的现象和问题。
The widespread application of these emerging information technologies has significantly improved government governance and greatly enhanced epidemic prevention efficiency. However, many phenomena and problems related to e-government and digital governance emerged during epidemic prevention and work resumption.
数字治理值得关注的现象和问题
Notable Phenomena and Issues in Digital Governance
1. 疫情直报系统失灵：国家卫健委和中国疾控中心重金打造的疫情直报系统在最初疫情报送时失灵，医院和地方疾控中心甚至不得不口口相传。
1. Failure of Epidemic Reporting System: The epidemic direct reporting system heavily invested by National Health Commission and China CDC failed during initial outbreak reporting, forcing hospitals and local CDC centers to rely on word-of-mouth communication.
2. 信息发布延迟：武汉当地卫健委和疾控中心在疫情信息报送和对外披露上的延迟，使政府错过了疫情防控初期的最佳窗口期。
2. Information Disclosure Delay: Delays in epidemic information reporting and disclosure by Wuhan health authorities caused the government to miss the optimal early prevention window.
3. 智慧城市项目效果不佳：武汉市1.75亿元智慧城市项目成为烂尾工程，在疫情防控方面几乎乏善可陈。
3. Poor Performance of Smart City Projects: Wuhan's 175 million yuan smart city project became unfinished construction with little contribution to epidemic prevention.
数字治理亟待加强的方向和领域
Key Directions for Strengthening Digital Governance
1. 强化"互联网+"思维：让"互联网+"成为政府管理和社会治理的默认思维，而不是备选方案。
1. Strengthen "Internet+" Thinking: Make "Internet+" the default approach for government management and social governance rather than an alternative.
2. 实现"平战"转换：数字治理要做到平时战时结合，在应急管理时可以实现快速转换。
2. Achieve "Peacetime-Wartime" Transition: Digital governance should combine peacetime and wartime functions for rapid transition during emergencies.
3. 突出功能性评估：主要依据数字治理项目的使用情况和效果进行绩效评估。
3. Emphasize Functional Evaluation: Evaluate digital governance projects mainly based on usage and effectiveness.
4. 推动数据共享：促进大数据在不同部门、地区和层级之间的共享共用。
4. Promote Data Sharing: Facilitate big data sharing across departments, regions and levels.
5. 加强顶层设计：提高数据共享和业务协同的统筹层级。
5. Strengthen Top-level Design: Enhance coordination level for data sharing and business collaboration.
6. 赋能基层组织：增强街道和社区的数字治理能力。
6. Empower Grassroots Organizations: Strengthen digital governance capabilities of streets and communities.
7. 规范平台经济：塑造数字治理的健康生态系统。
7. Regulate Platform Economy: Shape a healthy digital governance ecosystem.
8. 加快社会服务数字化：推动医疗卫生、教育等领域的数字化转型。
8. Accelerate Digitalization of Social Services: Promote digital transformation in healthcare, education and other fields.
9. 保障数据安全：确保国家安全、个人隐私和商业机密得到充分保护。
9. Ensure Data Security: Fully protect national security, personal privacy and business secrets.
（作者马亮为中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院研究员、公共管理学院教授）
(Author Ma Liang is researcher at National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China and professor at School of Public Administration)
